Main Article Content
Abstract
The creole perch, Percichthys trucha is endemic to southern South America. The objective of this work was to identify the food groups of juvenile perch (up to one year old) in its natural environment, the Espejo Chico Lake. A total 99 individuals fromwere caught, measured and weighed, and their condition factor (K) was calculated. In the diet analyses, nine different groups (orders) were found in the stomach contents: Diplostraca, Cyclopoida, Amphipoda, Diptera, Coleoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Hymenoptera and Odonata. Food items showed no correlation with fish size (<29, 30-49, 50-69 and 70-89 mm). Diptera and amphipods inhabiting littoral areas were the main food items of the juveniles. We can suppose that the Creole perch prefer the littoral zone as a nursery; this obviates the need to migrate to the limnetic zone, since the littoral zone provides better food, stable physical habitats and refuge, and a higher concentration of dissolved oxygen than deeper zones, both for macroinvertebrates and perch.
Keywords
Connectivity
Habitat
Native fish
Food items
Patagonia.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
FERNÁNDEZ, M. V., ELENA, F., MONTES DE OCA, F., & MACCHI, P. J. (2020). Diet of juvenile Percichthys trucha (Teleostei: Percichthyidae) in Northern Patagonia: the importance of the littoral zone. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 7(1), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v7i1.445
References
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Balseiro, E.G. 1992. The role of pelagic water mites in the control of cladoceran population in a temperate lake of the southern Andes. Journal of Plankton Research 14: 1267-77.
Barriga, J.P.; Battini, M.A.; Macchi, P.J.; Milano, D. & Cussac, V.E. 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of landlocked Galaxias maculatus and Galaxias platei (Pisces: Galaxiidae) in a lake in the South American Andes. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 345-59.
Buria, L.; Walde, S.J.; Battini, M.; Macchi, P.J.; Alonso, M.F.; Ruzzante, D.E. & Cussac, V.E. 2007. Movement of a South American perch Percichthys trucha in a mountain Patagonian lake during spawning and prespawning periods. Journal of Fish Biology 70: 215-230.
Ciancio, J. & Pascual, M. 2006. Energy density of freshwater Patagonian organisms. Ecologia Austral 16: 91-94.
Crichigno, S.A.; Battini, M.Á. & Cussac V. E. 2014. Diet induces phenotypic plasticity of Percichthys trucha (Valenciennes, 1833)(Perciformes, Percichthyidae) in Patagonia. Zoologischer Anzeiger 253: 192-202.
Dolson, R.; Mccann, K.; Rooney, N. & Ridgway, M. 2009. Lake morphometry predicts the degree of habitat coupling by a mobile predator. Oikos 118: 1230-1238.
Fernández, M.V.; Lallement, M.; Rechencq, M.; Vigliano, P.H.; Sosnovsky, A. & Macchi, P.J. 2018 Top predator fish assemblages in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. What factors regulate their patterns of distribution and abundance? Austral Ecology 43: 651-662.
Fernández, M.V.; Rechencq, M.; Lallement, M.E.; Zattara, E.; Juarez, S.M.; Sosnovsky, A.; Lippolt, G.E., Alonso, M.F.; Vigliano, P.H.; Milano, D. & Macchi, P.J. 2019. Seasonal and reproductive migrations in the Creole perch Percichthys trucha (Actinopterygii: Percichthydae) promote both intra-lake and inter-lake habitat connectivity. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 226-239.
Fritz, E.S. 1974. Total Diet comparison in fishes by spearman rank correlation coefficients. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists 1: 210-214.
Juncos, R.; Beauchamp, D.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2013. Modeling prey consumption by native and nonnative piscivorous fishes: implications for competition and impacts on shared prey in an ultraoligotrophic lake in Patagonia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142: 268-281.
Juncos, R.; Milano, D.; Macchi, P.J.; Alonso, M. & Vigliano, P.H. 2011. Response of rainbow trout to different food web structures in Northern Patagonia: implications for growth, bioenergetics, and invasiveness. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140: 415-428.
Juncos, R.; Milano, D.; Macchi, P.J. & Vigliano, P. 2015. Niche segregation facilitates coexistence between native and introduced fishes in a deep Patagonian lake. Hydrobiologia 747: 53-67.
Lattuca, M.; Battini, M. & Macchi, P. 2008. Trophic interactions among native and introduced fishes in a northern Patagonian oligotrophic lake. Journal of Fish Biology 72:1306-1320.
Lopez Cazorla, A. & Sidorkewicj, N. 2011. Age, growth and reproduction in creole perch (Percichthys trucha) in the Negro River, Argentinean Patagonia. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 30-38.
Macchi, P.J.; Pascual, M.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2007. Differential piscivory of the native Percichthys trucha and exotic salmonids upon the native forage fish Galaxias maculatus in Patagonian Andean lakes. Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters 37: 76-87.
Massaferro, J. 2011. Guía de Insectos Acuáticos del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi: larvas y pupas. Administración de Parques Nacionales.
Milano, D.; Ruzzante, D.E.; Cussac, V.E.; Macchi, P.J.; Ferriz, R.A.; Barriga, J.P.; Aigo, J.C.; Lattuca, M.E. & Walde, S.J. 2006. Latitudinal and ecological correlates of morphological variation in Galaxias platei (Pisces, Galaxiidae) in Patagonia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 87: 69-82.
Rechencq, M.; Sosnovsky, A.; Macchi, P.J.; Alvear, P.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2011. Extensive diel fish migrations in a deep ultraoligotrophic lake of Patagonia Argentina. Hydrobiologia 658: 147-161.
Sagrario, G.; De Los Ángeles, M.; Balseiro, E.; Ituarte, R. & Spivak, E. 2009. Macrophytes as refuge or risky area for zooplankton: a balance set by littoral predacious macroinvertebrates. Freshwater Biology 54: 1042-1053.
Thomasson, K. 1959 Nahuel Huapi: Plankton of some lakes in an Argentine national park, with notes on terrestrial vegetation. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 42: 1-83.
Williams, N.; Rieradevall, M.; Suárez, D.A.; Rizzo, A.; Daga, R.; Guevara, S.R. & Arribère. 2016. Chironomids as indicators of natural and human impacts in a 700-yr record from the northern Patagonian Andes. Quaternary Research 86: 12-32
References
Balseiro, E.G. 1992. The role of pelagic water mites in the control of cladoceran population in a temperate lake of the southern Andes. Journal of Plankton Research 14: 1267-77.
Barriga, J.P.; Battini, M.A.; Macchi, P.J.; Milano, D. & Cussac, V.E. 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of landlocked Galaxias maculatus and Galaxias platei (Pisces: Galaxiidae) in a lake in the South American Andes. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 345-59.
Buria, L.; Walde, S.J.; Battini, M.; Macchi, P.J.; Alonso, M.F.; Ruzzante, D.E. & Cussac, V.E. 2007. Movement of a South American perch Percichthys trucha in a mountain Patagonian lake during spawning and prespawning periods. Journal of Fish Biology 70: 215-230.
Ciancio, J. & Pascual, M. 2006. Energy density of freshwater Patagonian organisms. Ecologia Austral 16: 91-94.
Crichigno, S.A.; Battini, M.Á. & Cussac V. E. 2014. Diet induces phenotypic plasticity of Percichthys trucha (Valenciennes, 1833)(Perciformes, Percichthyidae) in Patagonia. Zoologischer Anzeiger 253: 192-202.
Dolson, R.; Mccann, K.; Rooney, N. & Ridgway, M. 2009. Lake morphometry predicts the degree of habitat coupling by a mobile predator. Oikos 118: 1230-1238.
Fernández, M.V.; Lallement, M.; Rechencq, M.; Vigliano, P.H.; Sosnovsky, A. & Macchi, P.J. 2018 Top predator fish assemblages in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. What factors regulate their patterns of distribution and abundance? Austral Ecology 43: 651-662.
Fernández, M.V.; Rechencq, M.; Lallement, M.E.; Zattara, E.; Juarez, S.M.; Sosnovsky, A.; Lippolt, G.E., Alonso, M.F.; Vigliano, P.H.; Milano, D. & Macchi, P.J. 2019. Seasonal and reproductive migrations in the Creole perch Percichthys trucha (Actinopterygii: Percichthydae) promote both intra-lake and inter-lake habitat connectivity. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 226-239.
Fritz, E.S. 1974. Total Diet comparison in fishes by spearman rank correlation coefficients. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists 1: 210-214.
Juncos, R.; Beauchamp, D.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2013. Modeling prey consumption by native and nonnative piscivorous fishes: implications for competition and impacts on shared prey in an ultraoligotrophic lake in Patagonia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142: 268-281.
Juncos, R.; Milano, D.; Macchi, P.J.; Alonso, M. & Vigliano, P.H. 2011. Response of rainbow trout to different food web structures in Northern Patagonia: implications for growth, bioenergetics, and invasiveness. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140: 415-428.
Juncos, R.; Milano, D.; Macchi, P.J. & Vigliano, P. 2015. Niche segregation facilitates coexistence between native and introduced fishes in a deep Patagonian lake. Hydrobiologia 747: 53-67.
Lattuca, M.; Battini, M. & Macchi, P. 2008. Trophic interactions among native and introduced fishes in a northern Patagonian oligotrophic lake. Journal of Fish Biology 72:1306-1320.
Lopez Cazorla, A. & Sidorkewicj, N. 2011. Age, growth and reproduction in creole perch (Percichthys trucha) in the Negro River, Argentinean Patagonia. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 30-38.
Macchi, P.J.; Pascual, M.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2007. Differential piscivory of the native Percichthys trucha and exotic salmonids upon the native forage fish Galaxias maculatus in Patagonian Andean lakes. Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters 37: 76-87.
Massaferro, J. 2011. Guía de Insectos Acuáticos del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi: larvas y pupas. Administración de Parques Nacionales.
Milano, D.; Ruzzante, D.E.; Cussac, V.E.; Macchi, P.J.; Ferriz, R.A.; Barriga, J.P.; Aigo, J.C.; Lattuca, M.E. & Walde, S.J. 2006. Latitudinal and ecological correlates of morphological variation in Galaxias platei (Pisces, Galaxiidae) in Patagonia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 87: 69-82.
Rechencq, M.; Sosnovsky, A.; Macchi, P.J.; Alvear, P.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2011. Extensive diel fish migrations in a deep ultraoligotrophic lake of Patagonia Argentina. Hydrobiologia 658: 147-161.
Sagrario, G.; De Los Ángeles, M.; Balseiro, E.; Ituarte, R. & Spivak, E. 2009. Macrophytes as refuge or risky area for zooplankton: a balance set by littoral predacious macroinvertebrates. Freshwater Biology 54: 1042-1053.
Thomasson, K. 1959 Nahuel Huapi: Plankton of some lakes in an Argentine national park, with notes on terrestrial vegetation. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 42: 1-83.
Williams, N.; Rieradevall, M.; Suárez, D.A.; Rizzo, A.; Daga, R.; Guevara, S.R. & Arribère. 2016. Chironomids as indicators of natural and human impacts in a 700-yr record from the northern Patagonian Andes. Quaternary Research 86: 12-32
Barriga, J.P.; Battini, M.A.; Macchi, P.J.; Milano, D. & Cussac, V.E. 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of landlocked Galaxias maculatus and Galaxias platei (Pisces: Galaxiidae) in a lake in the South American Andes. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 345-59.
Buria, L.; Walde, S.J.; Battini, M.; Macchi, P.J.; Alonso, M.F.; Ruzzante, D.E. & Cussac, V.E. 2007. Movement of a South American perch Percichthys trucha in a mountain Patagonian lake during spawning and prespawning periods. Journal of Fish Biology 70: 215-230.
Ciancio, J. & Pascual, M. 2006. Energy density of freshwater Patagonian organisms. Ecologia Austral 16: 91-94.
Crichigno, S.A.; Battini, M.Á. & Cussac V. E. 2014. Diet induces phenotypic plasticity of Percichthys trucha (Valenciennes, 1833)(Perciformes, Percichthyidae) in Patagonia. Zoologischer Anzeiger 253: 192-202.
Dolson, R.; Mccann, K.; Rooney, N. & Ridgway, M. 2009. Lake morphometry predicts the degree of habitat coupling by a mobile predator. Oikos 118: 1230-1238.
Fernández, M.V.; Lallement, M.; Rechencq, M.; Vigliano, P.H.; Sosnovsky, A. & Macchi, P.J. 2018 Top predator fish assemblages in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. What factors regulate their patterns of distribution and abundance? Austral Ecology 43: 651-662.
Fernández, M.V.; Rechencq, M.; Lallement, M.E.; Zattara, E.; Juarez, S.M.; Sosnovsky, A.; Lippolt, G.E., Alonso, M.F.; Vigliano, P.H.; Milano, D. & Macchi, P.J. 2019. Seasonal and reproductive migrations in the Creole perch Percichthys trucha (Actinopterygii: Percichthydae) promote both intra-lake and inter-lake habitat connectivity. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 226-239.
Fritz, E.S. 1974. Total Diet comparison in fishes by spearman rank correlation coefficients. American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists 1: 210-214.
Juncos, R.; Beauchamp, D.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2013. Modeling prey consumption by native and nonnative piscivorous fishes: implications for competition and impacts on shared prey in an ultraoligotrophic lake in Patagonia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142: 268-281.
Juncos, R.; Milano, D.; Macchi, P.J.; Alonso, M. & Vigliano, P.H. 2011. Response of rainbow trout to different food web structures in Northern Patagonia: implications for growth, bioenergetics, and invasiveness. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140: 415-428.
Juncos, R.; Milano, D.; Macchi, P.J. & Vigliano, P. 2015. Niche segregation facilitates coexistence between native and introduced fishes in a deep Patagonian lake. Hydrobiologia 747: 53-67.
Lattuca, M.; Battini, M. & Macchi, P. 2008. Trophic interactions among native and introduced fishes in a northern Patagonian oligotrophic lake. Journal of Fish Biology 72:1306-1320.
Lopez Cazorla, A. & Sidorkewicj, N. 2011. Age, growth and reproduction in creole perch (Percichthys trucha) in the Negro River, Argentinean Patagonia. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27: 30-38.
Macchi, P.J.; Pascual, M.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2007. Differential piscivory of the native Percichthys trucha and exotic salmonids upon the native forage fish Galaxias maculatus in Patagonian Andean lakes. Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters 37: 76-87.
Massaferro, J. 2011. Guía de Insectos Acuáticos del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi: larvas y pupas. Administración de Parques Nacionales.
Milano, D.; Ruzzante, D.E.; Cussac, V.E.; Macchi, P.J.; Ferriz, R.A.; Barriga, J.P.; Aigo, J.C.; Lattuca, M.E. & Walde, S.J. 2006. Latitudinal and ecological correlates of morphological variation in Galaxias platei (Pisces, Galaxiidae) in Patagonia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 87: 69-82.
Rechencq, M.; Sosnovsky, A.; Macchi, P.J.; Alvear, P.A. & Vigliano, P.H. 2011. Extensive diel fish migrations in a deep ultraoligotrophic lake of Patagonia Argentina. Hydrobiologia 658: 147-161.
Sagrario, G.; De Los Ángeles, M.; Balseiro, E.; Ituarte, R. & Spivak, E. 2009. Macrophytes as refuge or risky area for zooplankton: a balance set by littoral predacious macroinvertebrates. Freshwater Biology 54: 1042-1053.
Thomasson, K. 1959 Nahuel Huapi: Plankton of some lakes in an Argentine national park, with notes on terrestrial vegetation. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 42: 1-83.
Williams, N.; Rieradevall, M.; Suárez, D.A.; Rizzo, A.; Daga, R.; Guevara, S.R. & Arribère. 2016. Chironomids as indicators of natural and human impacts in a 700-yr record from the northern Patagonian Andes. Quaternary Research 86: 12-32