Main Article Content
Abstract
The head bones and relevant muscles are important elements composing the feeding and respiration apparatus and can be considered as highly important structures for giving rise to evolutionary specializations. The eels of the Anguilloidei is a diverse group and structural diversity in their cranial musculoskeletal system is thus to be expected. Ariosoma gilberti is a member of Bathymyrinae (Congridae) with a hydraulic based prey transport and closely related to muraenid family with mechanical prey transport system. Since there is no information about the cephalic morphology of A. gilbert, hence this study was conducted to provide detailed description of its cranial osteology and myology. The immobile maxillary with large pointed teeth, an anterior moderate mouth gape, large jaw closing muscles and large lateral and ventral bony elements, providing more room for the orobranchial cavity of A. gilberti suggesting the presence of a hydraulic and suction-based mechanism.
Keywords
Anguilliform
Osteology
Myology
Cranial morphology
Adaptation.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
Eagderi, S., & ADRIAENS, D. (2015). Cephalic Morphology of Ariosoma gilberti (Bathymyrinae: Congridae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 1(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v1i1.52
References
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Adriaens, D. & Verraes, W. 1997. The ontogeny of the chondrocranium in Clarias gariepinus: trends in siluroids. Journal of Fish Biology 50: 1221-1257.
Alfaro, M.E.; Janovetz, J. & Westneat, M.W. 2001. Motor control across trophic strategies: muscle activity of biting and suction feeding fishes. American Zoologist 41: 1266-1279.
Asano, H. 1962. Studies on the congrid eels of Japan. Bulletin of the Misaki Marine Biology Institute of Kyoto University I: 1-143.
Bock, W.J. & Shear, R.C. 1972. A staining method for gross dissection of vertebrate muscles. Anatomischer Anzeiger Bd 130: 222–227.
Böhlke, E.B. 1989. Methods and terminology. In: Böhlke EB. (Ed), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, New Haven, USA. pp. 1-8.
Castle, P.H.J. & Mccosker, J.E. 1999. A new genus and two new species of Myrophine Worm-eels, with Comments on Muraenichthys and Scolecenchelys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Records of the Australian Museum 51: 113-122.
Chen, Y.Y. & Mok, H.K. 2001. A new synophobranchid eel, Dysomma longirostrum (Anguilliformes: synophobranchidae), from the northeastern coast of Taiwan. Zoological Studies 40(2): 79-83.
De Schepper, N.; Adriaens, D. & De Kegel, B. 2005. Moringua edwardsi (Moringuidae: Anguilliformes): cranial specialization for head-first burrowing? Journal of Morphology 266: 356–368.
Eagderi, S. 2010. Structural diversity in the cranial musculoskeletal system in Anguilliformes: an evolutionary-morphological study. PhD thesis. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Grubich, J, Rice, A.N. & Westneat, M.W. 2008. Functional morphology of bite mechanics in the great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda). Zoology 111: 16-29.
Hanken, J. & Wassersug, R. 1981. The visible skeleton. A new double-stain technique reveals the nature of the “hard” tissues. Functional Photography 16: 22-26.
Hildebrand, M. 1995. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. Fourth Edition. Wiley, New York, USA.
Lauder, G.V. 1981. Intraspecific functional repertoires in the feeding mechanism of characoid fishes: Lebiasina, Hoplias and Chalceus. Copeia 1981: 154-168.
Mehta, R.S. & Wainwright, P.C. 2007. Raptorial jaws in the throat help moray eels swallow large prey. Nature 449: 79-83.
Mehta, R.S. & Wainwright, P.C. 2008. Functional morphology of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus in moray eels. Journal of Morphology 269: 604-619.
Nelson, G.J. 1966. Gill arches of the teleostean fishes of the order Anguilliformes. Pacific Scientific 20: 391-408.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, INC. 600 p.
Obermiller, L.E. & Pfeiler, E. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of elopomorph fishes inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 26: 202–214.
Patterson, C. 1975. The braincase of pholidophorid and leptolepid fishes, with a review of the actinopterygian braincase. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 269: 275-579.
Porter, H.T. & Motta, P.J. 2004. A comparison of strike and prey capture kinematics of three species of piscivorous fishes: Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus), redfin needlefish (Strongylura notata), and great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda). Marine Biology 145: 989-1000.
Rojo, A.L. 1991. Dictionary of Evolutionary Fish Osteology. CRC Press, USA. 273 p.
Rosenblatt, R.H. 1958. The status and synonomy of the eastern Pacific eel, Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby). Copeia 1958: 52-54.
Smith, D.G. 1989. Family congridae. In: Böhlke, E.B. (Ed.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, USA. pp. 460–612.
Smith, D.G. 2004. A new genus and species of congrid eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56(2): 143-146.
Smith, D.G. & Kanazawa, R.H. 1977. Eight new species and a new genus of congrid eels form the Western North Atlantic with redescriptions of Ariosoma analis, Hildebrandia guppyi, and Rhechias vicinalis. Bulletin of Marine Science 27(3): 530-543.
Smith, D.G. & Karmovskaya, E.S. 2003. A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19.
Winterbottom, R. 1974. A descriptive synonymy of the striated muscles of the Teleostei. Proceeding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 125: 225-317.
References
Adriaens, D. & Verraes, W. 1997. The ontogeny of the chondrocranium in Clarias gariepinus: trends in siluroids. Journal of Fish Biology 50: 1221-1257.
Alfaro, M.E.; Janovetz, J. & Westneat, M.W. 2001. Motor control across trophic strategies: muscle activity of biting and suction feeding fishes. American Zoologist 41: 1266-1279.
Asano, H. 1962. Studies on the congrid eels of Japan. Bulletin of the Misaki Marine Biology Institute of Kyoto University I: 1-143.
Bock, W.J. & Shear, R.C. 1972. A staining method for gross dissection of vertebrate muscles. Anatomischer Anzeiger Bd 130: 222–227.
Böhlke, E.B. 1989. Methods and terminology. In: Böhlke EB. (Ed), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, New Haven, USA. pp. 1-8.
Castle, P.H.J. & Mccosker, J.E. 1999. A new genus and two new species of Myrophine Worm-eels, with Comments on Muraenichthys and Scolecenchelys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Records of the Australian Museum 51: 113-122.
Chen, Y.Y. & Mok, H.K. 2001. A new synophobranchid eel, Dysomma longirostrum (Anguilliformes: synophobranchidae), from the northeastern coast of Taiwan. Zoological Studies 40(2): 79-83.
De Schepper, N.; Adriaens, D. & De Kegel, B. 2005. Moringua edwardsi (Moringuidae: Anguilliformes): cranial specialization for head-first burrowing? Journal of Morphology 266: 356–368.
Eagderi, S. 2010. Structural diversity in the cranial musculoskeletal system in Anguilliformes: an evolutionary-morphological study. PhD thesis. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Grubich, J, Rice, A.N. & Westneat, M.W. 2008. Functional morphology of bite mechanics in the great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda). Zoology 111: 16-29.
Hanken, J. & Wassersug, R. 1981. The visible skeleton. A new double-stain technique reveals the nature of the “hard” tissues. Functional Photography 16: 22-26.
Hildebrand, M. 1995. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. Fourth Edition. Wiley, New York, USA.
Lauder, G.V. 1981. Intraspecific functional repertoires in the feeding mechanism of characoid fishes: Lebiasina, Hoplias and Chalceus. Copeia 1981: 154-168.
Mehta, R.S. & Wainwright, P.C. 2007. Raptorial jaws in the throat help moray eels swallow large prey. Nature 449: 79-83.
Mehta, R.S. & Wainwright, P.C. 2008. Functional morphology of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus in moray eels. Journal of Morphology 269: 604-619.
Nelson, G.J. 1966. Gill arches of the teleostean fishes of the order Anguilliformes. Pacific Scientific 20: 391-408.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, INC. 600 p.
Obermiller, L.E. & Pfeiler, E. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of elopomorph fishes inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 26: 202–214.
Patterson, C. 1975. The braincase of pholidophorid and leptolepid fishes, with a review of the actinopterygian braincase. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 269: 275-579.
Porter, H.T. & Motta, P.J. 2004. A comparison of strike and prey capture kinematics of three species of piscivorous fishes: Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus), redfin needlefish (Strongylura notata), and great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda). Marine Biology 145: 989-1000.
Rojo, A.L. 1991. Dictionary of Evolutionary Fish Osteology. CRC Press, USA. 273 p.
Rosenblatt, R.H. 1958. The status and synonomy of the eastern Pacific eel, Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby). Copeia 1958: 52-54.
Smith, D.G. 1989. Family congridae. In: Böhlke, E.B. (Ed.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, USA. pp. 460–612.
Smith, D.G. 2004. A new genus and species of congrid eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56(2): 143-146.
Smith, D.G. & Kanazawa, R.H. 1977. Eight new species and a new genus of congrid eels form the Western North Atlantic with redescriptions of Ariosoma analis, Hildebrandia guppyi, and Rhechias vicinalis. Bulletin of Marine Science 27(3): 530-543.
Smith, D.G. & Karmovskaya, E.S. 2003. A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19.
Winterbottom, R. 1974. A descriptive synonymy of the striated muscles of the Teleostei. Proceeding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 125: 225-317.
Alfaro, M.E.; Janovetz, J. & Westneat, M.W. 2001. Motor control across trophic strategies: muscle activity of biting and suction feeding fishes. American Zoologist 41: 1266-1279.
Asano, H. 1962. Studies on the congrid eels of Japan. Bulletin of the Misaki Marine Biology Institute of Kyoto University I: 1-143.
Bock, W.J. & Shear, R.C. 1972. A staining method for gross dissection of vertebrate muscles. Anatomischer Anzeiger Bd 130: 222–227.
Böhlke, E.B. 1989. Methods and terminology. In: Böhlke EB. (Ed), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, New Haven, USA. pp. 1-8.
Castle, P.H.J. & Mccosker, J.E. 1999. A new genus and two new species of Myrophine Worm-eels, with Comments on Muraenichthys and Scolecenchelys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae). Records of the Australian Museum 51: 113-122.
Chen, Y.Y. & Mok, H.K. 2001. A new synophobranchid eel, Dysomma longirostrum (Anguilliformes: synophobranchidae), from the northeastern coast of Taiwan. Zoological Studies 40(2): 79-83.
De Schepper, N.; Adriaens, D. & De Kegel, B. 2005. Moringua edwardsi (Moringuidae: Anguilliformes): cranial specialization for head-first burrowing? Journal of Morphology 266: 356–368.
Eagderi, S. 2010. Structural diversity in the cranial musculoskeletal system in Anguilliformes: an evolutionary-morphological study. PhD thesis. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Grubich, J, Rice, A.N. & Westneat, M.W. 2008. Functional morphology of bite mechanics in the great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda). Zoology 111: 16-29.
Hanken, J. & Wassersug, R. 1981. The visible skeleton. A new double-stain technique reveals the nature of the “hard” tissues. Functional Photography 16: 22-26.
Hildebrand, M. 1995. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. Fourth Edition. Wiley, New York, USA.
Lauder, G.V. 1981. Intraspecific functional repertoires in the feeding mechanism of characoid fishes: Lebiasina, Hoplias and Chalceus. Copeia 1981: 154-168.
Mehta, R.S. & Wainwright, P.C. 2007. Raptorial jaws in the throat help moray eels swallow large prey. Nature 449: 79-83.
Mehta, R.S. & Wainwright, P.C. 2008. Functional morphology of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus in moray eels. Journal of Morphology 269: 604-619.
Nelson, G.J. 1966. Gill arches of the teleostean fishes of the order Anguilliformes. Pacific Scientific 20: 391-408.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, INC. 600 p.
Obermiller, L.E. & Pfeiler, E. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of elopomorph fishes inferred from mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 26: 202–214.
Patterson, C. 1975. The braincase of pholidophorid and leptolepid fishes, with a review of the actinopterygian braincase. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 269: 275-579.
Porter, H.T. & Motta, P.J. 2004. A comparison of strike and prey capture kinematics of three species of piscivorous fishes: Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus), redfin needlefish (Strongylura notata), and great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda). Marine Biology 145: 989-1000.
Rojo, A.L. 1991. Dictionary of Evolutionary Fish Osteology. CRC Press, USA. 273 p.
Rosenblatt, R.H. 1958. The status and synonomy of the eastern Pacific eel, Ariosoma gilberti (Ogilby). Copeia 1958: 52-54.
Smith, D.G. 1989. Family congridae. In: Böhlke, E.B. (Ed.), Fishes of the Western North Atlantic. Sears Foundation for Marine Research, USA. pp. 460–612.
Smith, D.G. 2004. A new genus and species of congrid eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from Western Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56(2): 143-146.
Smith, D.G. & Kanazawa, R.H. 1977. Eight new species and a new genus of congrid eels form the Western North Atlantic with redescriptions of Ariosoma analis, Hildebrandia guppyi, and Rhechias vicinalis. Bulletin of Marine Science 27(3): 530-543.
Smith, D.G. & Karmovskaya, E.S. 2003. A new genus and two new species of congrid eels (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Indo-West Pacific, with a redescription and osteology of Chiloconger dentatus. Zootaxa 343: 1-19.
Winterbottom, R. 1974. A descriptive synonymy of the striated muscles of the Teleostei. Proceeding of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 125: 225-317.