Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract: This study provides a new and updated checklist of the freshwater fishes of the Persis region which drains to the Persian Gulf. The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections and new fish collections. The confirmed freshwater fishes of the Persis region (sub-basin) comprise 44 species in 34 genera, 14 families, 11 orders and one class. The most diverse order is the Cypriniformes with 23 confirmed species (52.25%) followed by Cyprinodontiformes (6 species, 13.65%), Mugiliformes (4 species, 9.1%), Gobiiformes (3 species, 6.8%) and Perciformes with 2 species (4.55%). Acipenseriformes, Clupeiformes, Gonorynchiformes, Siluriformes, Salmoniformes and Synbranchiformescomprise only one species (2.25%). New species have been discovered, some subspecies have been elevated to species, some are being resurrected from synonymy and some taxonomic problems remain and are commented on briefly. Eleven endemic species (25%) in seven genera and four families and 10 exotic species (22.7%) in 8 genera and 3 families are listed here. The fish taxa were classified into different major groups based on the fish ichthyogeographical origin, ecoregion and ecological factors (tolerance to salt water and mode of life). The long history of connection and isolation from fresh and marine waters, multiple sources of species, uneven distribution of inflows and nutrient inputs, and the low to moderate ranges of salinity, different types of habitat (both fresh and brackish water habitats including rivers, lakes, lagoons, marshes, and marine environments), have all contributed to the high ichthyodiversity of the Persis region. It is proposed that the current isolated river systems of the Persis, Zohreh, Tigris and Kor River basins were interconnected during the Last Glacial Maximum of the Late Pleistocene (21,000–18,000 y. BP) and remained so until the sea-level rise of the Early Holocene (11,000 y. BP.). The predicted geographic distributions for the eight species of this region based on current bioclimatic variables revealed that a relatively large area of suitable climate for these native species in the Persis basin extend to western parts of Iran.
Keywords
Fish diversity
Biogeography
Ichthyogeography
Ecoregion
Endemic
Iran.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
ESMAEILI, H. R., BABAI, S., GHOLAMIFARD, A., PAZIRA, A., GHOLAMHOSSEINI, A., & COAD, B. W. (2015). Fishes of the Persis region of Iran: an updated checklist and ichthyogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 2(3), 201–223. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v2i3.84
References
-
Abell, R.; Thieme, M.L.; Revenga, C.; Bryer, M.; Kottelat, M.; Bogutskaya, N.; Coad, B.W.; Mandrak, N.; Contreras Balderas, S., Bussing, W.; Stiassny, M.L.J.; Skelton, P.; Allen, G.R.; Unmack, P.; Naseka, A.; Ng, R.; Sindorf, N.; Robertson, J.; Armijo, E.; Higgins, J.V.; Heibel, T.J.; Wikramanayake, E.; Olson, D.; López, H.L.; Reis, R.E.; Lundberg, J.G.; Sabaj Pérez, M.H. & Petry, P. 2008. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. BioScience 58(5): 403-413.
Alwan, N.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Krupp, K. 2014. Molecular phylogeny and zoogeography of the Capoeta damascina species complex (Pisces: Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Submitted.
Berg, L.S. 1949. Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 8: 783–858. (In Russian)
Berra, T.M. 2007. Freshwater Fish Distribution. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Bianco, P.G. & Bănărescu, P. 1982. A contribution to the knowledge of the Cyprinidae of Iran (Pisces, Cypriniformes). Cybium 6(2): 75-96.
Bogutskaya, N.G. & Naseka, A.M. 2004. Katalog beschelyustnykh i ryb presnykh i solonovatykh vod Rossii c nomenklaturnymi i taksonomicheskimi kommentariyami [Catalogue of Agnathans and Fishes of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature and taxonomy]. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences and KMK Scientific Press Ltd, Moscow.
Bogutskaya, N.G.; Naseka, A.M. & Tikhonov, P.A. 2008. A brief history of the study of fishes of the Caspian Sea and scientific results of the Caspian Expedition of 1904 headed by N. M. Knipovich. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 14(1): 1-26.
Borkenhagen, K. & Krupp, F. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). ZooKeys 339: 1-53.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F.; Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. pp. 213-228.
Coad, B.W. 1995. Freshwater Fishes of Iran. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemicae, Brno 29(1): 1-64.
Coad, B.W. 1996. Systematics of the shah mahi, Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772), in the southern Caspian Sea basin (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Zoology in the Middle East 12: 65–70.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology 65 (Supplement): 101-108.
Coad, B.W. 2010. Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.
Coad, B.W. 2015. Freshwater fishes of Iran. www.briancoad.com (accessed on 2 November 2015).
Coad, B.W. & Vilenkin, B.Y. 2004. Co-occurrence and zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 31: 53-61.
Cox C.B. & Moore, P.D. 2005. Biogeography: An ecological and evolutionary approach. 7th Edition. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
De Filippi, F. 1863. Nuove o poco note specie di animali vertebrati raccolte in un viaggio in Persia nell'estate dell'anno 1862. Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia, Modena 2(2): 377-394.
De Filippi, F. 1864. Riassunto del catalogo degli animali vertebrati delle provincie caucasiche e della Persia occidentale. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturale di Milano 7: 184-186.
De Filippi, F. 1865. Note de un viaggio in Persia nei 1862. Milano.
Durand, J.D.; Chen, W.J.; Shen, K.N.; Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012a. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies 10: 687-697.
Durand, J.D.; Shen, K.N.; Chen, W.J.; Jamandre, B.W.; Blel, H.; Diop, K.; Nirchio, M.; Garcia de León, F.; Whitfield, A.K. & Chang, C.W. 2012b. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1: 73-92.
Eschmeyer, W.N. 2015. A Catalog of the Species of Fishes. www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology /species/ (accessed on 2 November 2015).
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A. & Khosravi, A. 2007. A note on the biodiversity of Ghadamghah spring-stream system in Fars Province, Southwest Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 3(1): 15-22.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Gholamifard, A.; Nazari, N. & Teimory, A. 2010a. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 19: 361-386.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Gholamifard, A.; Teimori, A.; Baghbani, S. & Coad, B.W. 2010b. Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a newly introduced fish recorded from natural freshwaters of Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26: 937-938.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Gholami, Z.; Zarei, N. & Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Re-validation and re-description of an endemic and threatened species, Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), from southern Iran. Zootaxa 3208: 58-67.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Mehraban, H.R.; Masoudi, M.; Khaefi, R.; Abbasi, K.; Mostafavi, H. & Vatandoust, S. 2014a. An updated checklist of fishes of the Caspian Sea basin of Iran with a note on their zoogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1: 152-184.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Özuluğ, M.; Geiger, M. & Freyhof, J. 2014b. Three new species of Turcinoemacheilus from Iran and Turkey (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 24: 257-273.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Owfi, F.; Abbasi, K. & Coad B.W. 2014c. Alien and invasive freshwater fish species in Iran: Diversity, environmental impacts and management. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 62-72.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Gholami, Z. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014d. Two new species of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the Iranian inland and inland-related Aphanius species. Zootaxa 3786(3): 246-268.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimori, A.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Masoudi, M. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014e. Phylogenetic relationships of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the river systems of southern and south-western Iran based on mtDNA sequences. Zoology in the Middle East 60(1): 29-38.
Fowler, H.W. & Steinitz, H. 1956. Fishes from Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel and Oman. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B: 260-292.
Freyhof, J.; Erk’akan, F.; Özeren, C. & Perdices, A. 2011. An overview of the western Palaearctic loach genus Oxynoemacheilus (Teloestei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 22(4): 301-312.
Freyhof, J.; Esmaeili, H.R; Sayyadzadeh, G. & Geiger, M. 2014. Review of the crested loaches of the genus Paracobitis from Iran and Iraq with the description of four new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 25(1): 11-38.
Freyhof, J.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Geiger, M. 2015. Review of the genus Paraschistura from Iran with description of six new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 26(1): 1-48.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014. Phylogenetic analysis of Aphanius from the endorheic Kor River Basin in the Zagros Mountains, South-western Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 52: 130-141.
Golzarianpour, K.; Abdoli, A.; Patimar, R. & Freyhof, J. 2013. Turcinoemacheilus hafezi, a new loach from the Zagroz Mountains, Iran (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 24: 41-48.
Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I.; Abdoli, A.; Eagderi, E.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Bernatchez, L.; Hallerman, E.; Geiger, M.F.; Özulug, M. & Freyhof, J. 2014. Dressing down: Multiple reduction of the mental disc in the labeonine genus Garra in the Middle East (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Submitted.
Heckel, J.J. 1843a. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Fische Syriens nebst einer neuen Classification und Characteristik sämmtlicher Gattungen der Cyprinen. Stuttgart.
Heckel, J.J. 1843b. Ichthyologie. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849a. Naturhistorischer Anhang. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 207-254.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849b. Anhang. Die Fische Persiens gesammelt von Theodor Kotschy. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3), pp. 255–272.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849c. Nachtrag zur Charakteristik und Classifikation der Cyprineen-Gattungen. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 273–290.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849d. Index. Addenda et Corrigenda. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 347-360.
Hijmans, R.J.; Guarino, L. & Mathur, P. 2012. DIVA-GIS. Version 7.5. A geographic information system for the analysis of species distribution data. www.diva-gis.org (accessed 29 Aug. 2013).
Howes, G. 1982. Anatomy and evolution of the jaws in the semiplotine carps with a review of the genus Cyprinion Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 42: 299-335.
Kalous, L.; Bohlen, J.; Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 1: 11-18.
Karaman, M.S. 1971. Süßwasserfische der Türkei. 8. Teil. Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas. Mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 67: 175-254.
Kessler, K. 1877. Fishes of the Aralo-Caspio-Pontian region. Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii, 4: 360 pp. (In Russian).
Keyserling, E. 1861. Neue Cypriniden aus Persien. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissen-schaften, Halle 17(1): 1-24.
Keyserling, E. 1863. Neue Cypriniden. Nouveaux cyprinides de la Perse. Revue et Magazine de Zoologie 15: 419-422. (In French).
Keivany, Y. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2014. Threatened fishes of the world: Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Cyprinodontidae). Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 20(2): 67-72.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 pp.
Kottelat, M. 2012. Conspectus Cobitidum: An Inventory of the Loaches of the World (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 26: 1-199.
Lambeck, K. 1996. Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian Gulf since the last glacial maximum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142(1): 43-57.
Lomolino, M.V.; Riddle, B.R.; Whittaker, R.J. & Brown, J.H. 2010. Biogeography, 4th Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Myers, G.S. 1938. Freshwater fishes and West Indian zoogeography. Annual Reports of Smithsonian Institution for 1937 339-364.
Myers, G.S. 1951. Freshwater fishes and East Indian zoogeography. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 4: 11-21.
Nalbant, T.T. & Bianco, P.G. 1998. The loaches of Iran and adjacent regions with description of six new species (Cobitoidea). Italian Journal of Zoology 65: 109–123.
Naseka, A.M. & Bogutskaya, N.G. 2009. Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list. Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 295-317.
Nikol'skii, A.M. 1897. Presmykayushchiyasya, amfibii i ryby, sobrannyya N. A. Zarudnym vostochnoi Persii [Reptiles, amphibians and fishes, collected by N. A. Zarudnyi in eastern Persia]. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 2: 306-348.
Nikol'skii, A.M. 1899. Presmykayushchiyasya, amfibii i ryby vtorogo puteshestviya N. A. Zarudnego v Persiyu v 1898 g [Reptiles, amphibians and fishes collected on the second expedition of N. A. Zarudnyi to Persia in 1898]. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 4: 375-417.
Oberlander, T. 1965. The Zagros Streams. A New Interpretation of Transverse Drainage in an Orogenic Zone. Syracuse Geographical Series, Syracuse University, New York, 1: xii + 168 pp.
Özuluğ, M. & Freyhof, G. 2008. Capoeta turani, a new species of barbel from River Seyhan, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 19: 289-296.
Perea, S.; Böhme, M.; Zupančič, P.; Freyhof, J.; Šanda, R.; Özuluğ, M.; Abdoli, A. & Doadrio, I. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both miotochondrial and nuclear data. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 265.
Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P. & Schapire, R.E. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190: 231–259.
Roxo, F.F.; Albert, J.S.; Silva, G.S.C.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Foresti, F., et al. 2014. Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). PLoS ONE 9(8): e105564.
Sarnthein, M. 1972. Sediments and history of the postglacial transgression in the Persian Gulf and northwest Gulf of Oman. Marine Geology 12: 245-266.
Smith, K.G. & Darwall, W.R.T. (Compilers). 2006. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Fish Endemic to the Mediterranean Basin. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 34 pp.
Svetovidov, A.N. 1952. Sel’devye (Clupeidae). Fauna SSSR [Clupeidae, Fauna of the USSR], 2(1). Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow–Leningrad. (In Russian).
Swets, J. 1988. Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science 240: 1285-1293.
Tang, Q.; Liu, H.; Mayden, R. & Xiong, B. 2006. Comparison of evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and their implications for phylogeny of the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 347-357.
Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Gholamhosseini, A. 2010. The ichthyofauna of Kor and Helleh River basins in southwest of Iran with reference to taxonomic and zoogeographic features of native fishes. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 6(1): 1-8.
Teimori, A.; Schulz-Mirbach, T.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Geographical differentiation of Aphanius dispar (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from Southern Iran. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 50: 289-304.
Teller, J.T.; Glennie, K.W.; Lancaster, N. & Singhvi, A.K. 2000. Calcareous dunes of the United Arab Emirates and Noah’s flood: the postglacial reflooding of the Persian Gulf. Quaternary International 68-71: 297-308.
Watanabe, K. 1998. Parsimony analysis of the distribution pattern of Japanese primary freshwater fishes, and its application to the distribution of the bagrid catfishes. Ichthyological Research 45(3): 259-270.
References
Abell, R.; Thieme, M.L.; Revenga, C.; Bryer, M.; Kottelat, M.; Bogutskaya, N.; Coad, B.W.; Mandrak, N.; Contreras Balderas, S., Bussing, W.; Stiassny, M.L.J.; Skelton, P.; Allen, G.R.; Unmack, P.; Naseka, A.; Ng, R.; Sindorf, N.; Robertson, J.; Armijo, E.; Higgins, J.V.; Heibel, T.J.; Wikramanayake, E.; Olson, D.; López, H.L.; Reis, R.E.; Lundberg, J.G.; Sabaj Pérez, M.H. & Petry, P. 2008. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World: A new map of biogeographic units for freshwater biodiversity conservation. BioScience 58(5): 403-413.
Alwan, N.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Krupp, K. 2014. Molecular phylogeny and zoogeography of the Capoeta damascina species complex (Pisces: Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Submitted.
Berg, L.S. 1949. Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 8: 783–858. (In Russian)
Berra, T.M. 2007. Freshwater Fish Distribution. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Bianco, P.G. & Bănărescu, P. 1982. A contribution to the knowledge of the Cyprinidae of Iran (Pisces, Cypriniformes). Cybium 6(2): 75-96.
Bogutskaya, N.G. & Naseka, A.M. 2004. Katalog beschelyustnykh i ryb presnykh i solonovatykh vod Rossii c nomenklaturnymi i taksonomicheskimi kommentariyami [Catalogue of Agnathans and Fishes of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature and taxonomy]. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences and KMK Scientific Press Ltd, Moscow.
Bogutskaya, N.G.; Naseka, A.M. & Tikhonov, P.A. 2008. A brief history of the study of fishes of the Caspian Sea and scientific results of the Caspian Expedition of 1904 headed by N. M. Knipovich. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 14(1): 1-26.
Borkenhagen, K. & Krupp, F. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). ZooKeys 339: 1-53.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F.; Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. pp. 213-228.
Coad, B.W. 1995. Freshwater Fishes of Iran. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemicae, Brno 29(1): 1-64.
Coad, B.W. 1996. Systematics of the shah mahi, Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772), in the southern Caspian Sea basin (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Zoology in the Middle East 12: 65–70.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology 65 (Supplement): 101-108.
Coad, B.W. 2010. Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.
Coad, B.W. 2015. Freshwater fishes of Iran. www.briancoad.com (accessed on 2 November 2015).
Coad, B.W. & Vilenkin, B.Y. 2004. Co-occurrence and zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 31: 53-61.
Cox C.B. & Moore, P.D. 2005. Biogeography: An ecological and evolutionary approach. 7th Edition. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
De Filippi, F. 1863. Nuove o poco note specie di animali vertebrati raccolte in un viaggio in Persia nell'estate dell'anno 1862. Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia, Modena 2(2): 377-394.
De Filippi, F. 1864. Riassunto del catalogo degli animali vertebrati delle provincie caucasiche e della Persia occidentale. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturale di Milano 7: 184-186.
De Filippi, F. 1865. Note de un viaggio in Persia nei 1862. Milano.
Durand, J.D.; Chen, W.J.; Shen, K.N.; Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012a. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies 10: 687-697.
Durand, J.D.; Shen, K.N.; Chen, W.J.; Jamandre, B.W.; Blel, H.; Diop, K.; Nirchio, M.; Garcia de León, F.; Whitfield, A.K. & Chang, C.W. 2012b. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1: 73-92.
Eschmeyer, W.N. 2015. A Catalog of the Species of Fishes. www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology /species/ (accessed on 2 November 2015).
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A. & Khosravi, A. 2007. A note on the biodiversity of Ghadamghah spring-stream system in Fars Province, Southwest Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 3(1): 15-22.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Gholamifard, A.; Nazari, N. & Teimory, A. 2010a. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 19: 361-386.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Gholamifard, A.; Teimori, A.; Baghbani, S. & Coad, B.W. 2010b. Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a newly introduced fish recorded from natural freshwaters of Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26: 937-938.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Gholami, Z.; Zarei, N. & Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Re-validation and re-description of an endemic and threatened species, Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), from southern Iran. Zootaxa 3208: 58-67.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Mehraban, H.R.; Masoudi, M.; Khaefi, R.; Abbasi, K.; Mostafavi, H. & Vatandoust, S. 2014a. An updated checklist of fishes of the Caspian Sea basin of Iran with a note on their zoogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1: 152-184.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Özuluğ, M.; Geiger, M. & Freyhof, J. 2014b. Three new species of Turcinoemacheilus from Iran and Turkey (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 24: 257-273.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Owfi, F.; Abbasi, K. & Coad B.W. 2014c. Alien and invasive freshwater fish species in Iran: Diversity, environmental impacts and management. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 62-72.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Gholami, Z. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014d. Two new species of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the Iranian inland and inland-related Aphanius species. Zootaxa 3786(3): 246-268.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimori, A.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Masoudi, M. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014e. Phylogenetic relationships of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the river systems of southern and south-western Iran based on mtDNA sequences. Zoology in the Middle East 60(1): 29-38.
Fowler, H.W. & Steinitz, H. 1956. Fishes from Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel and Oman. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B: 260-292.
Freyhof, J.; Erk’akan, F.; Özeren, C. & Perdices, A. 2011. An overview of the western Palaearctic loach genus Oxynoemacheilus (Teloestei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 22(4): 301-312.
Freyhof, J.; Esmaeili, H.R; Sayyadzadeh, G. & Geiger, M. 2014. Review of the crested loaches of the genus Paracobitis from Iran and Iraq with the description of four new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 25(1): 11-38.
Freyhof, J.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Geiger, M. 2015. Review of the genus Paraschistura from Iran with description of six new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 26(1): 1-48.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014. Phylogenetic analysis of Aphanius from the endorheic Kor River Basin in the Zagros Mountains, South-western Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 52: 130-141.
Golzarianpour, K.; Abdoli, A.; Patimar, R. & Freyhof, J. 2013. Turcinoemacheilus hafezi, a new loach from the Zagroz Mountains, Iran (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 24: 41-48.
Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I.; Abdoli, A.; Eagderi, E.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Bernatchez, L.; Hallerman, E.; Geiger, M.F.; Özulug, M. & Freyhof, J. 2014. Dressing down: Multiple reduction of the mental disc in the labeonine genus Garra in the Middle East (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Submitted.
Heckel, J.J. 1843a. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Fische Syriens nebst einer neuen Classification und Characteristik sämmtlicher Gattungen der Cyprinen. Stuttgart.
Heckel, J.J. 1843b. Ichthyologie. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849a. Naturhistorischer Anhang. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 207-254.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849b. Anhang. Die Fische Persiens gesammelt von Theodor Kotschy. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3), pp. 255–272.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849c. Nachtrag zur Charakteristik und Classifikation der Cyprineen-Gattungen. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 273–290.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849d. Index. Addenda et Corrigenda. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 347-360.
Hijmans, R.J.; Guarino, L. & Mathur, P. 2012. DIVA-GIS. Version 7.5. A geographic information system for the analysis of species distribution data. www.diva-gis.org (accessed 29 Aug. 2013).
Howes, G. 1982. Anatomy and evolution of the jaws in the semiplotine carps with a review of the genus Cyprinion Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 42: 299-335.
Kalous, L.; Bohlen, J.; Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 1: 11-18.
Karaman, M.S. 1971. Süßwasserfische der Türkei. 8. Teil. Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas. Mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 67: 175-254.
Kessler, K. 1877. Fishes of the Aralo-Caspio-Pontian region. Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii, 4: 360 pp. (In Russian).
Keyserling, E. 1861. Neue Cypriniden aus Persien. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissen-schaften, Halle 17(1): 1-24.
Keyserling, E. 1863. Neue Cypriniden. Nouveaux cyprinides de la Perse. Revue et Magazine de Zoologie 15: 419-422. (In French).
Keivany, Y. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2014. Threatened fishes of the world: Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Cyprinodontidae). Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 20(2): 67-72.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 pp.
Kottelat, M. 2012. Conspectus Cobitidum: An Inventory of the Loaches of the World (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 26: 1-199.
Lambeck, K. 1996. Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian Gulf since the last glacial maximum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142(1): 43-57.
Lomolino, M.V.; Riddle, B.R.; Whittaker, R.J. & Brown, J.H. 2010. Biogeography, 4th Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Myers, G.S. 1938. Freshwater fishes and West Indian zoogeography. Annual Reports of Smithsonian Institution for 1937 339-364.
Myers, G.S. 1951. Freshwater fishes and East Indian zoogeography. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 4: 11-21.
Nalbant, T.T. & Bianco, P.G. 1998. The loaches of Iran and adjacent regions with description of six new species (Cobitoidea). Italian Journal of Zoology 65: 109–123.
Naseka, A.M. & Bogutskaya, N.G. 2009. Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list. Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 295-317.
Nikol'skii, A.M. 1897. Presmykayushchiyasya, amfibii i ryby, sobrannyya N. A. Zarudnym vostochnoi Persii [Reptiles, amphibians and fishes, collected by N. A. Zarudnyi in eastern Persia]. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 2: 306-348.
Nikol'skii, A.M. 1899. Presmykayushchiyasya, amfibii i ryby vtorogo puteshestviya N. A. Zarudnego v Persiyu v 1898 g [Reptiles, amphibians and fishes collected on the second expedition of N. A. Zarudnyi to Persia in 1898]. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 4: 375-417.
Oberlander, T. 1965. The Zagros Streams. A New Interpretation of Transverse Drainage in an Orogenic Zone. Syracuse Geographical Series, Syracuse University, New York, 1: xii + 168 pp.
Özuluğ, M. & Freyhof, G. 2008. Capoeta turani, a new species of barbel from River Seyhan, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 19: 289-296.
Perea, S.; Böhme, M.; Zupančič, P.; Freyhof, J.; Šanda, R.; Özuluğ, M.; Abdoli, A. & Doadrio, I. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both miotochondrial and nuclear data. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 265.
Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P. & Schapire, R.E. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190: 231–259.
Roxo, F.F.; Albert, J.S.; Silva, G.S.C.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Foresti, F., et al. 2014. Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). PLoS ONE 9(8): e105564.
Sarnthein, M. 1972. Sediments and history of the postglacial transgression in the Persian Gulf and northwest Gulf of Oman. Marine Geology 12: 245-266.
Smith, K.G. & Darwall, W.R.T. (Compilers). 2006. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Fish Endemic to the Mediterranean Basin. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 34 pp.
Svetovidov, A.N. 1952. Sel’devye (Clupeidae). Fauna SSSR [Clupeidae, Fauna of the USSR], 2(1). Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow–Leningrad. (In Russian).
Swets, J. 1988. Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science 240: 1285-1293.
Tang, Q.; Liu, H.; Mayden, R. & Xiong, B. 2006. Comparison of evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and their implications for phylogeny of the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 347-357.
Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Gholamhosseini, A. 2010. The ichthyofauna of Kor and Helleh River basins in southwest of Iran with reference to taxonomic and zoogeographic features of native fishes. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 6(1): 1-8.
Teimori, A.; Schulz-Mirbach, T.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Geographical differentiation of Aphanius dispar (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from Southern Iran. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 50: 289-304.
Teller, J.T.; Glennie, K.W.; Lancaster, N. & Singhvi, A.K. 2000. Calcareous dunes of the United Arab Emirates and Noah’s flood: the postglacial reflooding of the Persian Gulf. Quaternary International 68-71: 297-308.
Watanabe, K. 1998. Parsimony analysis of the distribution pattern of Japanese primary freshwater fishes, and its application to the distribution of the bagrid catfishes. Ichthyological Research 45(3): 259-270.
Alwan, N.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Krupp, K. 2014. Molecular phylogeny and zoogeography of the Capoeta damascina species complex (Pisces: Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Submitted.
Berg, L.S. 1949. Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 8: 783–858. (In Russian)
Berra, T.M. 2007. Freshwater Fish Distribution. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Bianco, P.G. & Bănărescu, P. 1982. A contribution to the knowledge of the Cyprinidae of Iran (Pisces, Cypriniformes). Cybium 6(2): 75-96.
Bogutskaya, N.G. & Naseka, A.M. 2004. Katalog beschelyustnykh i ryb presnykh i solonovatykh vod Rossii c nomenklaturnymi i taksonomicheskimi kommentariyami [Catalogue of Agnathans and Fishes of Fresh and Brackish Waters of Russia with comments on nomenclature and taxonomy]. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences and KMK Scientific Press Ltd, Moscow.
Bogutskaya, N.G.; Naseka, A.M. & Tikhonov, P.A. 2008. A brief history of the study of fishes of the Caspian Sea and scientific results of the Caspian Expedition of 1904 headed by N. M. Knipovich. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 14(1): 1-26.
Borkenhagen, K. & Krupp, F. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the genus Carasobarbus Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). ZooKeys 339: 1-53.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F.; Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. pp. 213-228.
Coad, B.W. 1995. Freshwater Fishes of Iran. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Academiae Scientiarum Bohemicae, Brno 29(1): 1-64.
Coad, B.W. 1996. Systematics of the shah mahi, Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt, 1772), in the southern Caspian Sea basin (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Zoology in the Middle East 12: 65–70.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology 65 (Supplement): 101-108.
Coad, B.W. 2010. Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.
Coad, B.W. 2015. Freshwater fishes of Iran. www.briancoad.com (accessed on 2 November 2015).
Coad, B.W. & Vilenkin, B.Y. 2004. Co-occurrence and zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 31: 53-61.
Cox C.B. & Moore, P.D. 2005. Biogeography: An ecological and evolutionary approach. 7th Edition. Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
De Filippi, F. 1863. Nuove o poco note specie di animali vertebrati raccolte in un viaggio in Persia nell'estate dell'anno 1862. Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia, Modena 2(2): 377-394.
De Filippi, F. 1864. Riassunto del catalogo degli animali vertebrati delle provincie caucasiche e della Persia occidentale. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturale di Milano 7: 184-186.
De Filippi, F. 1865. Note de un viaggio in Persia nei 1862. Milano.
Durand, J.D.; Chen, W.J.; Shen, K.N.; Fu, C. & Borsa, P. 2012a. Genus-level taxonomic changes implied by the mitochondrial phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Comptes Rendus Biologies 10: 687-697.
Durand, J.D.; Shen, K.N.; Chen, W.J.; Jamandre, B.W.; Blel, H.; Diop, K.; Nirchio, M.; Garcia de León, F.; Whitfield, A.K. & Chang, C.W. 2012b. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 1: 73-92.
Eschmeyer, W.N. 2015. A Catalog of the Species of Fishes. www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology /species/ (accessed on 2 November 2015).
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A. & Khosravi, A. 2007. A note on the biodiversity of Ghadamghah spring-stream system in Fars Province, Southwest Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 3(1): 15-22.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Gholamifard, A.; Nazari, N. & Teimory, A. 2010a. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 19: 361-386.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Gholamifard, A.; Teimori, A.; Baghbani, S. & Coad, B.W. 2010b. Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel, 1848 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a newly introduced fish recorded from natural freshwaters of Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 26: 937-938.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Gholami, Z.; Zarei, N. & Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Re-validation and re-description of an endemic and threatened species, Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae), from southern Iran. Zootaxa 3208: 58-67.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Mehraban, H.R.; Masoudi, M.; Khaefi, R.; Abbasi, K.; Mostafavi, H. & Vatandoust, S. 2014a. An updated checklist of fishes of the Caspian Sea basin of Iran with a note on their zoogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1: 152-184.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Özuluğ, M.; Geiger, M. & Freyhof, J. 2014b. Three new species of Turcinoemacheilus from Iran and Turkey (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 24: 257-273.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Owfi, F.; Abbasi, K. & Coad B.W. 2014c. Alien and invasive freshwater fish species in Iran: Diversity, environmental impacts and management. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 62-72.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimory, A.; Gholami, Z. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014d. Two new species of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the Iranian inland and inland-related Aphanius species. Zootaxa 3786(3): 246-268.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Teimori, A.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Masoudi, M. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014e. Phylogenetic relationships of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the river systems of southern and south-western Iran based on mtDNA sequences. Zoology in the Middle East 60(1): 29-38.
Fowler, H.W. & Steinitz, H. 1956. Fishes from Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel and Oman. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel 5B: 260-292.
Freyhof, J.; Erk’akan, F.; Özeren, C. & Perdices, A. 2011. An overview of the western Palaearctic loach genus Oxynoemacheilus (Teloestei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 22(4): 301-312.
Freyhof, J.; Esmaeili, H.R; Sayyadzadeh, G. & Geiger, M. 2014. Review of the crested loaches of the genus Paracobitis from Iran and Iraq with the description of four new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 25(1): 11-38.
Freyhof, J.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Geiger, M. 2015. Review of the genus Paraschistura from Iran with description of six new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 26(1): 1-48.
Gholami, Z.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Erpenbeck, D. & Reichenbacher, B. 2014. Phylogenetic analysis of Aphanius from the endorheic Kor River Basin in the Zagros Mountains, South-western Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Cyprinodontidae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 52: 130-141.
Golzarianpour, K.; Abdoli, A.; Patimar, R. & Freyhof, J. 2013. Turcinoemacheilus hafezi, a new loach from the Zagroz Mountains, Iran (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 24: 41-48.
Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I.; Abdoli, A.; Eagderi, E.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Bernatchez, L.; Hallerman, E.; Geiger, M.F.; Özulug, M. & Freyhof, J. 2014. Dressing down: Multiple reduction of the mental disc in the labeonine genus Garra in the Middle East (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Submitted.
Heckel, J.J. 1843a. Abbildungen und Beschreibungen der Fische Syriens nebst einer neuen Classification und Characteristik sämmtlicher Gattungen der Cyprinen. Stuttgart.
Heckel, J.J. 1843b. Ichthyologie. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849a. Naturhistorischer Anhang. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 207-254.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849b. Anhang. Die Fische Persiens gesammelt von Theodor Kotschy. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3), pp. 255–272.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849c. Nachtrag zur Charakteristik und Classifikation der Cyprineen-Gattungen. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 273–290.
Heckel, J.J. 1846–1849d. Index. Addenda et Corrigenda. In: Russegger, J. (ed.), Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 2(3): 347-360.
Hijmans, R.J.; Guarino, L. & Mathur, P. 2012. DIVA-GIS. Version 7.5. A geographic information system for the analysis of species distribution data. www.diva-gis.org (accessed 29 Aug. 2013).
Howes, G. 1982. Anatomy and evolution of the jaws in the semiplotine carps with a review of the genus Cyprinion Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 42: 299-335.
Kalous, L.; Bohlen, J.; Rylková, K. & Petrtýl, M. 2012. Hidden diversity within the Prussian carp and designation of a neotype for Carassius gibelio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 1: 11-18.
Karaman, M.S. 1971. Süßwasserfische der Türkei. 8. Teil. Revision der Barben Europas, Vorderasiens und Nordafrikas. Mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 67: 175-254.
Kessler, K. 1877. Fishes of the Aralo-Caspio-Pontian region. Trudy Aralo-Kaspiyskoy Ekspeditsii, 4: 360 pp. (In Russian).
Keyserling, E. 1861. Neue Cypriniden aus Persien. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissen-schaften, Halle 17(1): 1-24.
Keyserling, E. 1863. Neue Cypriniden. Nouveaux cyprinides de la Perse. Revue et Magazine de Zoologie 15: 419-422. (In French).
Keivany, Y. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2014. Threatened fishes of the world: Aphanius pluristriatus (Jenkins, 1910) (Cyprinodontidae). Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 20(2): 67-72.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 pp.
Kottelat, M. 2012. Conspectus Cobitidum: An Inventory of the Loaches of the World (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 26: 1-199.
Lambeck, K. 1996. Shoreline reconstructions for the Persian Gulf since the last glacial maximum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 142(1): 43-57.
Lomolino, M.V.; Riddle, B.R.; Whittaker, R.J. & Brown, J.H. 2010. Biogeography, 4th Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
Myers, G.S. 1938. Freshwater fishes and West Indian zoogeography. Annual Reports of Smithsonian Institution for 1937 339-364.
Myers, G.S. 1951. Freshwater fishes and East Indian zoogeography. Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin 4: 11-21.
Nalbant, T.T. & Bianco, P.G. 1998. The loaches of Iran and adjacent regions with description of six new species (Cobitoidea). Italian Journal of Zoology 65: 109–123.
Naseka, A.M. & Bogutskaya, N.G. 2009. Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list. Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 295-317.
Nikol'skii, A.M. 1897. Presmykayushchiyasya, amfibii i ryby, sobrannyya N. A. Zarudnym vostochnoi Persii [Reptiles, amphibians and fishes, collected by N. A. Zarudnyi in eastern Persia]. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 2: 306-348.
Nikol'skii, A.M. 1899. Presmykayushchiyasya, amfibii i ryby vtorogo puteshestviya N. A. Zarudnego v Persiyu v 1898 g [Reptiles, amphibians and fishes collected on the second expedition of N. A. Zarudnyi to Persia in 1898]. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg 4: 375-417.
Oberlander, T. 1965. The Zagros Streams. A New Interpretation of Transverse Drainage in an Orogenic Zone. Syracuse Geographical Series, Syracuse University, New York, 1: xii + 168 pp.
Özuluğ, M. & Freyhof, G. 2008. Capoeta turani, a new species of barbel from River Seyhan, Turkey (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 19: 289-296.
Perea, S.; Böhme, M.; Zupančič, P.; Freyhof, J.; Šanda, R.; Özuluğ, M.; Abdoli, A. & Doadrio, I. 2010. Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both miotochondrial and nuclear data. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10: 265.
Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P. & Schapire, R.E. 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190: 231–259.
Roxo, F.F.; Albert, J.S.; Silva, G.S.C.; Zawadzki, C.H.; Foresti, F., et al. 2014. Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeographic History of the Armored Neotropical Catfish Subfamilies Hypoptopomatinae, Neoplecostominae and Otothyrinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). PLoS ONE 9(8): e105564.
Sarnthein, M. 1972. Sediments and history of the postglacial transgression in the Persian Gulf and northwest Gulf of Oman. Marine Geology 12: 245-266.
Smith, K.G. & Darwall, W.R.T. (Compilers). 2006. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Fish Endemic to the Mediterranean Basin. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. 34 pp.
Svetovidov, A.N. 1952. Sel’devye (Clupeidae). Fauna SSSR [Clupeidae, Fauna of the USSR], 2(1). Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moscow–Leningrad. (In Russian).
Swets, J. 1988. Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems. Science 240: 1285-1293.
Tang, Q.; Liu, H.; Mayden, R. & Xiong, B. 2006. Comparison of evolutionary rates in the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b gene and control region and their implications for phylogeny of the Cobitoidea (Teleostei: Cypriniformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 347-357.
Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Gholamhosseini, A. 2010. The ichthyofauna of Kor and Helleh River basins in southwest of Iran with reference to taxonomic and zoogeographic features of native fishes. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 6(1): 1-8.
Teimori, A.; Schulz-Mirbach, T.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Reichenbacher, B. 2012. Geographical differentiation of Aphanius dispar (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from Southern Iran. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 50: 289-304.
Teller, J.T.; Glennie, K.W.; Lancaster, N. & Singhvi, A.K. 2000. Calcareous dunes of the United Arab Emirates and Noah’s flood: the postglacial reflooding of the Persian Gulf. Quaternary International 68-71: 297-308.
Watanabe, K. 1998. Parsimony analysis of the distribution pattern of Japanese primary freshwater fishes, and its application to the distribution of the bagrid catfishes. Ichthyological Research 45(3): 259-270.