Main Article Content
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of L-carnitine and L-arginine on the histological structure of the heart in rats exposed to cadmium chloride. The study includes 20 male rats divided inthetreatmentsof (1) control group, given drinking water and food daily for 21 days, (2) group treated with cadmium chloride as 5mg/kg as 2.5g added into distilled water daily for 21 days, (3) group treated with cadmium chloride as 5mg/kg per day for 21 days and L-carnitine from day eighth as 7.2mg/kg for 14 days, and (4) group treated with cadmium chloride as 5mg/kg for 21 days and L-arginine from day eighth as 7.2mg/kg for 14 days. The results showed the occurrence of many tissue lesions in the heart, represented by the occurrence of necrosis in some cardiac muscle fibers and rupture of the cytoplasm, with disintegration between muscle fibers. Moreover, there is infiltration of macrophages in the connective tissue of the fascia, extensive damage and a lack of connection for many muscle fibers. In addition, there is the occurrence of congestion and hemolysis in the group treated with cadmium chloride, and the group treated with cadmium chloride and L- arginine. A significant improvement is also observed in the group treated with cadmium chloride and L-Carnitine, which is represented by a normal appearance of muscle fiber bundles and Purkinje fibers.
Keywords
L-arginine and L-carnitine
cadmium chloride
Heart
Antioxidants
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
RASHEED, K. N., & ABDULLAH, A. M. K. (2022). Histological comparison of rat heart after treatment with L-carnitine and L-arginine against cadmium toxicity. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 348–354. Retrieved from https://ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/822
References
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Borné, Y.; Barregard, L.; Persson, M.; Hedblad, B.; Fagerberg, B. & Engström, G. 2015. Cadmium exposure and incidence of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 5(6): e007366.
Costa, E.D.; Rezende, B.A.; Cortes, S.F. & Lemos, V.S. 2016. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vascular physiology and diseases. Frontiers in Physiology 7: 206.
Fathi, E.; Farahzadi, R.; Javanmardi, S. & Vietor, I. 2020. L-carnitine extends the telomere length of the cardiac differentiated CD117+-expressing stem cells. Tissue and Cell 67: 101429.
Godo, S. & Shimokawa, H. 2017. Divergent roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthases system in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 109: 4-10.
Hong, M.Y.; Beidler, J.; Hooshmand, S.; Figueroa, A. & Kern, M. 2018. Watermelon and L-arginine consumption improve serum lipid profile and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress by altering gene expression in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Nutrition Research 58: 46-54.
Kan, M.J.; Lee, J.E.; Wilson, J.G.; Everhart, A.L.; Brown, C.M.; Hoofnagle, A.N. & Colton, C.A. 2015. Arginine deprivation and immune suppression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 35(15): 5969-5982.
Luna, L.G. 1968. Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Margalef, M.; Bravo, F.I.; Arola-Arnal, A. & Muguerza, B. 2017. Natural angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with antihypertensive properties. Natural Products Targeting Clinically Relevant Enzymes 45-67.
Rodrigues-Krause, J.; Krause, M.; Rocha, I.M.G.D.; Umpierre, D. & Fayh, A.P.T. 2018. Association of l-arginine supplementation with markers of endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular or metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 11(1): 15.
Sacks, F.M.; Lichtenstein, A.H.; Wu, J.H.; Appel, L.J.; Creager, M.A.; Kris-Etherton, P.M. & Van Horn, L.V. 2017. Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 136(3): e1-e23.
Shen, J.B.; Jiang, B. & Pappano, A.J. 2000. Comparison of L-type calcium channel blockade by nifedipine and/or cadmium in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 294(2): 562-570.
Song, X.; Qu, H.; Yang, Z.; Rong, J.; Cai, W. & Zhou, H. 2017. Efficacy and safety of L-carnitine treatment for chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BioMed Research International 2017: 6274854
Vacante, F.; Senesi, P.; Montesano, A.; Frigerio, A.; Luzi, L. & Terruzzi, I. 2018. L-carnitine: an antioxidant remedy for the survival of cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic condition. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1018.
Vassallo, D.V.; Almenara, C.C.; Broseghini-Filho, G.B.; Teixeira, A.C.; da Silva, D.C.F.; Angeli, J.K. & Padilha, A.S. 2018. Preliminary studies of acute cadmium administration effects on the calcium-activated potassium (SKCa and BKCa) channels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in isolated aortic rings of rats. Biological Trace Element Research 183(2): 325-334.
Wang, Z.Y.; Liu, Y.Y.; Liu, G.H.; Lu, H.B. & Mao, C.Y. 2018. L-Carnitine and heart disease. Life sciences, 194: 88-97.
Zhang, D.; Hou, L. & Peng, W. 2018. Tangeritin attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17(12): 2421-2426.
References
Borné, Y.; Barregard, L.; Persson, M.; Hedblad, B.; Fagerberg, B. & Engström, G. 2015. Cadmium exposure and incidence of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: a population-based prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 5(6): e007366.
Costa, E.D.; Rezende, B.A.; Cortes, S.F. & Lemos, V.S. 2016. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vascular physiology and diseases. Frontiers in Physiology 7: 206.
Fathi, E.; Farahzadi, R.; Javanmardi, S. & Vietor, I. 2020. L-carnitine extends the telomere length of the cardiac differentiated CD117+-expressing stem cells. Tissue and Cell 67: 101429.
Godo, S. & Shimokawa, H. 2017. Divergent roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthases system in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 109: 4-10.
Hong, M.Y.; Beidler, J.; Hooshmand, S.; Figueroa, A. & Kern, M. 2018. Watermelon and L-arginine consumption improve serum lipid profile and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress by altering gene expression in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Nutrition Research 58: 46-54.
Kan, M.J.; Lee, J.E.; Wilson, J.G.; Everhart, A.L.; Brown, C.M.; Hoofnagle, A.N. & Colton, C.A. 2015. Arginine deprivation and immune suppression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 35(15): 5969-5982.
Luna, L.G. 1968. Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Margalef, M.; Bravo, F.I.; Arola-Arnal, A. & Muguerza, B. 2017. Natural angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with antihypertensive properties. Natural Products Targeting Clinically Relevant Enzymes 45-67.
Rodrigues-Krause, J.; Krause, M.; Rocha, I.M.G.D.; Umpierre, D. & Fayh, A.P.T. 2018. Association of l-arginine supplementation with markers of endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular or metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 11(1): 15.
Sacks, F.M.; Lichtenstein, A.H.; Wu, J.H.; Appel, L.J.; Creager, M.A.; Kris-Etherton, P.M. & Van Horn, L.V. 2017. Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 136(3): e1-e23.
Shen, J.B.; Jiang, B. & Pappano, A.J. 2000. Comparison of L-type calcium channel blockade by nifedipine and/or cadmium in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 294(2): 562-570.
Song, X.; Qu, H.; Yang, Z.; Rong, J.; Cai, W. & Zhou, H. 2017. Efficacy and safety of L-carnitine treatment for chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BioMed Research International 2017: 6274854
Vacante, F.; Senesi, P.; Montesano, A.; Frigerio, A.; Luzi, L. & Terruzzi, I. 2018. L-carnitine: an antioxidant remedy for the survival of cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic condition. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1018.
Vassallo, D.V.; Almenara, C.C.; Broseghini-Filho, G.B.; Teixeira, A.C.; da Silva, D.C.F.; Angeli, J.K. & Padilha, A.S. 2018. Preliminary studies of acute cadmium administration effects on the calcium-activated potassium (SKCa and BKCa) channels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in isolated aortic rings of rats. Biological Trace Element Research 183(2): 325-334.
Wang, Z.Y.; Liu, Y.Y.; Liu, G.H.; Lu, H.B. & Mao, C.Y. 2018. L-Carnitine and heart disease. Life sciences, 194: 88-97.
Zhang, D.; Hou, L. & Peng, W. 2018. Tangeritin attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17(12): 2421-2426.
Costa, E.D.; Rezende, B.A.; Cortes, S.F. & Lemos, V.S. 2016. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase in vascular physiology and diseases. Frontiers in Physiology 7: 206.
Fathi, E.; Farahzadi, R.; Javanmardi, S. & Vietor, I. 2020. L-carnitine extends the telomere length of the cardiac differentiated CD117+-expressing stem cells. Tissue and Cell 67: 101429.
Godo, S. & Shimokawa, H. 2017. Divergent roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthases system in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 109: 4-10.
Hong, M.Y.; Beidler, J.; Hooshmand, S.; Figueroa, A. & Kern, M. 2018. Watermelon and L-arginine consumption improve serum lipid profile and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress by altering gene expression in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Nutrition Research 58: 46-54.
Kan, M.J.; Lee, J.E.; Wilson, J.G.; Everhart, A.L.; Brown, C.M.; Hoofnagle, A.N. & Colton, C.A. 2015. Arginine deprivation and immune suppression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroscience 35(15): 5969-5982.
Luna, L.G. 1968. Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Margalef, M.; Bravo, F.I.; Arola-Arnal, A. & Muguerza, B. 2017. Natural angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with antihypertensive properties. Natural Products Targeting Clinically Relevant Enzymes 45-67.
Rodrigues-Krause, J.; Krause, M.; Rocha, I.M.G.D.; Umpierre, D. & Fayh, A.P.T. 2018. Association of l-arginine supplementation with markers of endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular or metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 11(1): 15.
Sacks, F.M.; Lichtenstein, A.H.; Wu, J.H.; Appel, L.J.; Creager, M.A.; Kris-Etherton, P.M. & Van Horn, L.V. 2017. Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 136(3): e1-e23.
Shen, J.B.; Jiang, B. & Pappano, A.J. 2000. Comparison of L-type calcium channel blockade by nifedipine and/or cadmium in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 294(2): 562-570.
Song, X.; Qu, H.; Yang, Z.; Rong, J.; Cai, W. & Zhou, H. 2017. Efficacy and safety of L-carnitine treatment for chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BioMed Research International 2017: 6274854
Vacante, F.; Senesi, P.; Montesano, A.; Frigerio, A.; Luzi, L. & Terruzzi, I. 2018. L-carnitine: an antioxidant remedy for the survival of cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic condition. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1018.
Vassallo, D.V.; Almenara, C.C.; Broseghini-Filho, G.B.; Teixeira, A.C.; da Silva, D.C.F.; Angeli, J.K. & Padilha, A.S. 2018. Preliminary studies of acute cadmium administration effects on the calcium-activated potassium (SKCa and BKCa) channels and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in isolated aortic rings of rats. Biological Trace Element Research 183(2): 325-334.
Wang, Z.Y.; Liu, Y.Y.; Liu, G.H.; Lu, H.B. & Mao, C.Y. 2018. L-Carnitine and heart disease. Life sciences, 194: 88-97.
Zhang, D.; Hou, L. & Peng, W. 2018. Tangeritin attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in cadmium-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 17(12): 2421-2426.