Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ethidium bromide (EB) exposure on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters of mice. A totalof 60 BALB/c female mice were acclimated and divided into 6 groups, including: a healthy control group (GC) and 5 experimental groups given orally different doses of EB; GA (3ml), GB (9ml), GD (15ml), GE (21ml) and GF (30ml) for 1 month. Based on the results, MON was decreased significantly in all experimental groups; while, tRBCs, Hb, HCT, LYM, BAS, PLT, RDW and MPV reduced significantly in GD, GE and GF. Significant increases were observed in values of MCV, MCH, tWBCs and NEU, particularly in GD, GE and GF groups. However, no significant change was detected in MCHC and EOS. In biochemical factors, the HDL and MIP-1a were decreased significantly in GB, GD, GE and GF; whereas, increases in ALT, ALP, MDA, BUN, BIL and LDH were found significantly in GD, GE and GF groups. Also, AST, Cr and LDL were raised significantly in all experimental groups. For GLU, significant increases were recorded in GB and GD, while significant decreases in GF. For immunological parameters, the IgG was increased significantly in all experimental groups; whereas, a significant reduction in IgM was detected in GD. This study showed that the severe EB poisoning had obvious abnormalities in hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters in mice. The identification of powerful prognostic markers is important for the management of patients with EB poisoning in emergency settings; therefore, further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms of toxicity and the adverse role of EB on tissues and organs.
Keywords
Toxic effect
Erythrocyte
Antioxidant
Lipid profile
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
AL-MOUSSAWI, N. H. H. (2022). Effect of ethidium bromide on hematological, biochemical, and immunological paramours in mice. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 258–269. Retrieved from https://ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/810
References
-
Aitte, S.A. & Zain M.H. 2019. Study of changes in blood parameters and calculation of PCT, MPV and DPW for the platelets of laboratory females and males of albino mice during exposure to doses of pyrethriod pesticide (Alphacypermethrin). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 14(2): 71-78.
Al-Abedi, G.J.; Sray, A.H.; Hussein, A.J. & Gharban, H.A. 2020. Detection and Bloody Profiles Evaluation of Naturally Infected Camels with Subclinical Trypanosoma evansi, Iraq. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 23: 232-243.
Al-Hussaini, R.M.A.H. 2016. Unsecure access and lack of safety disposal procedures of ethidium bromide in laboratory of molecular biology in Faculty of Science/Kufa University. Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry 16(2): 1-8.
Amirijavid, S. & Mohammadi, M. 2014. Toxicity of the ethidium bromide on germination of wheat, alfalfa and tomato. International Invention Journal of Agricultural and Soil Science 2(5): 69-74.
Anwar, F.; Abraham, J.; Nakshabandi, A. & Lee, E. 2018. Treatment of hypocalcemia in hungry bone syndrome: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 51: 335-339.
Armstrong, J.A. & Schulz, J.R. 2015. Agarose gel electrophoresis. Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques 10(1): 7-2.
Asmat, M.W.; Ramzan, M.H. & Ramzan, F. 2020. Exogenous neurokinin b administration may have a strong effect on negative feedback loop of hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 26(3): 1259-1267.
Bagshaw, S.M.; Egi, M.; George, C.; Bellomo, R. & ANZICS Database Management Committee. 2009. Early blood glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients in Australia. Critical Care Medicine 37(2): 463-470.
Baik, J.; Stringer, K.A.; Mane, G. & Rosania, G.R. 2013. Multiscale distribution and bioaccumulation analysis of clofazimine reveals a massive immune system-mediated xenobiotic sequestration response. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57(3): 1218-1230.
Banaei, M.; Mir, V.A.; Rafei, G.R.; and Majazi, A.B. 2008. Effect of sub-lethal diazinon concentrations on blood plasma biochemistry. International Journal of Environmental Research 2(2): 189-198.
Berntsen, H.F.; Bølling, A.K.; Bjørklund, C.G.; Zimmer, K.; Ropstad, E.; Zienolddiny, S. & Bodin, J. 2018. Decreased macrophage phagocytic function due to xenobiotic exposures in vitro, difference in sensitivity between various macrophage models. Food and Chemical Toxicology 112: 86-96.
Boor, P.J. 2017. The vascular toxicity of xenobiotics. Cellular and Molecular Toxicology and In Vitro Toxicology 1-18.
Brereton, M.F.; Iberl, M.; Shimomura, K.; Zhang, Q.; Adriaenssens, A.E.; Proks, P. & Ashcroft, F.M. 2014. Reversible changes in pancreatic islet structure and function produced by elevated blood glucose. Nature Communications 5(1): 1-11.
Burgos-Aceves, M.A.; Lionetti, L. & Faggio, C. 2019. Multidisciplinary haematology as prognostic device in environmental and xenobiotic stress-induced response in fish. Science of the Total Environment 670: 1170-1183.
Bushnell, P.J.; Kavlock, R.J.; Crofton, K.M.; Weiss, B. & Rice, D.C. 2010. Behavioral toxicology in the 21st century: challenges and opportunities for behavioral scientists: Summary of a symposium presented at the annual meeting of the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society, June, 2009. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 32(3): 313-328.
Chan, F.K.M.; Moriwaki, K. & De Rosa, M.J. 2013. Detection of necrosis by release of lactate dehydrogenase activity. In: Immune Homeostasis. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. pp: 65-70.
Chirumbolo, S.; Bjørklund, G.; Sboarina, A. & Vella, A. 2018. The role of basophils as innate immune regulatory cells in allergy and immunotherapy. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 14(4): 815-831.
Choudhury, C.; Mazumder, R.; Biswas, R. & Sengupta, M. 2021. Cadmium exposure induces inflammation through the canonical NF-κΒ pathway in monocytes/macrophages of Channa punctatus Bloch. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 110: 116-126.
Del Giudice, L. & Wolf, K. 2021. Evidence for a joint control of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in the petite negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Endosymbiosis and Cell Biology, 779-790.
eSilva, A.D.S.; Pertille, A.; Barbosa, C.G.R.; de Oliveira Silva, J.A.; de Jesus, D.V.; Ribeiro, A.G.S.V. & de Oliveira, J.J. 2019. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Renal Nutrition 29(6): 480-489.
Fogg, J.M.; Judge, A.K.; Stricker, E.; Chan, H.L. & Zechiedrich, L. 2021. Supercoiling and looping promote DNA base accessibility and coordination among distant sites. Nature Communications 12(1), 1-16.
Fymat, A.L. 2017. Disrupting Cell Mitoses to Provoke Cancer Self-Destruction. Cancer Therapy and Oncology International Journal 5(1): 1-3.
Geerling, G.; Daniels, J.T.; Dart, J.K.; Cree, I.A. & Khaw, P.T. 2001. Toxicity of natural tear substitutes in a fully defined culture model of human corneal epithelial cells. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42(5): 948-956.
Ghosh, R.; Rossner, P.; Honkova, K.; Dostal, M.; Sram, R.J. & Hertz-Picciotto, I. 2016. Air pollution and childhood bronchitis: Interaction with xenobiotic, immune regulatory and DNA repair genes. Environment International 87: 94-100.
Hejtmancik, M.R.; Ryan, M.J.; Toft, J.D.; Persing, R.L.; Kurtz, P.J. & Chhabra, R.S. 2002. Hematological effects in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice during the 13-week gavage toxicity study of methylene blue trihydrate. Toxicological Sciences 65(1): 126-134.
Hempel, E.V. & Bollard, E.R. 2016. The evidence-based evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. Medical Clinics 100(5): 1065-1075.
Jasper, R.; Locatelli, G.O.; Pilati, C. & Locatelli, C. 2012. Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup®. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 5(3): 133.
Jia, Z.; Chen, A.; Wang, C.; He, M.; Xu, J.; Fu, H. & Guo, Z. 2019. Amelioration effects of Kaempferol on immune response following chronic intermittent cold-stress. Research in Veterinary Science 125: 390-396.
Kahn, J.D. & Crothers, D.M. 1993. DNA bending in transcription initiation. In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 58: 115-122.
Kamal, A. & Malik, R.N. 2012. Hematological evidence of occupational exposure to chemicals and other factors among auto-repair workers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 3(4): 229-238.
Kelly, F.J. & Fussell, J.C. 2012. Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter. Atmospheric Environment 60: 504-526.
Khairkar, P.S.; More, S.; Pandey, A. & Pandey, M. 2016. Role of mean platelet volume (MPV) in diagnosing categories of thrombocytopenia. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology (4): 606.
Khaleel, K.J. & Ahmed, A.A. 2014. Platelet indices and their relations to platelet count in hypo-productive and hyper-destructive Thrombocytopenia. Kerbala Journal of Medicine 7(2): 1952-1958.
Khosravi, R.; Zarei, A. & Fazlzadeh, M. 2017. Investigation of TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles coated on raw pumice for efficient removal of ethidium bromide from aqueous solutions. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 26: 1352-1358.
Kumar, S.; Agrawal, S.; Raisinghani, N. & Khan, S. 2018. Leukocyte count: A reliable marker for the severity of organophosphate intoxication? Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10(02): 185-188.
Kwo, P.Y.; Cohen, S.M. & Lim, J.K. 2017. ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries. Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology| ACG, 112(1): 18-35.
Lalchhandama, K. 2016. The making of modern biotechnology: how ethidium bromide made fame. Scientific Visualization 16: 27-36.
Larsen, S.T.; Jackson, P.; Poulsen, S.S.; Levin, M.; Jensen, K.A.; Wallin, H. & Koponen, I.K. 2016. Airway irritation, inflammation, and toxicity in mice following inhalation of metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 10(9): 1254-1262.
Lee, E. J., and Lee, A. I. (2016). Thrombocytopenia. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 43(4): 543-557.
Limaye, A.; Yu, R.C.; Chou, C.C.; Liu, J.R. & Cheng, K.C. 2018. Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by dietary selenium and curcumin against AFB1-mediated toxicity in livestock: A review. Toxins 10(1): 25.
Maghnie, M.; Uga, E.; Temporini, F.; Di Iorgi, N.; Secco, A.; Tinelli, C. & Loche, S. 2005. Evaluation of adrenal function in patients with growth hormone deficiency and hypothalamic–pituitary disorders: comparison between insulin-induced hypoglycemia, low-dose ACTH, standard ACTH and CRH stimulation tests. European Journal of Endocrinology 152(5): 735-741.
Mali, M.H.A.; Ronad, G. & Arpitha, K. 2021. Role of platelet indices in the evaluation of thrombocytopenia. International Journal of Health and Clinical Research 4(11): 174-178.
Mathur, M.L.; Gaur, J.; Sharma, R. & Haldiya, K.R. 2011. Antidiabetic properties of a spice plant Nigella sativa. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1(1):1-8.
Nayak, S.; Mishra, C.S.K.; Guru, B.C. & Samal, S. 2018. Histological anomalies and alterations in enzyme activities of the earthworm Glyphidrillus tuberosus exposed to high concentrations of phosphogypsum. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190(9): 1-7.
Negash, M. & Tsegaye, A. 2016. Diagnostic predictive value of platelet indices for discriminating hypo productive versus immune thrombocytopenia purpura in patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Hematology 16(1): 1-8.
Nizet, A.; Cavalier, E.; Stenvinkel, P.; Haarhaus, M. & Magnusson, P. 2020. Bone alkaline phosphatase: An important biomarker in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. Clinica Chimica Acta 501: 198-206.
Okediran, B.S.; Biobaku, K.T.; Olaifa, F.H. & Atata, A.J. 2017. Haematological and antioxidant enzyme response to lead toxicity in male Wistar rats. Ceylon Journal of Science 46(2): 31-37.
Perrone, S.; Tataranno, M.L.; Stazzoni, G.; Del Vecchio, A. & Buonocore, G. 2012. Oxidative injury in neonatal erythrocytes. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 25 (Supl5): 104-108.
Piomelli, S. 1981. Chemical toxicity of red cells. Environmental Health Perspectives 39: 65-70.
Pizzorno, J. 2015. The kidney dysfunction epidemic, part 1: causes. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal 14(6): 8.
Prasad, S.; Srivastava, S.; Singh, M. & Shukla, Y. 2009. Clastogenic effects of glyphosate in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. Journal of Toxicology 2009: 1-6.
Prata, J.C.; da Costa, J.P.; Lopes, I.; Duarte, A.C. & Rocha-Santos, T. 2020. Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects. Science of the Total Environment 702: 134455.
Rakshit, K.D.; Darukeshwara, J.; Raj, K.R.; Narasimhamurthy, K.; Saibaba, P. & Bhagya, S. 2008. Toxicity studies of detoxified Jatropha meal (Jatropha curcas) in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(12): 3621-3625.
Ray, J.K., & Dhara, S. 2021. Synthesis of phenanthridine by palladium catalyzed suzuki coupling and condensation reaction. ChemRxiv 1-16.
Roth, K.; Strickland, J. & Copple, B.L. 2020. Regulation of macrophage activation in the liver after acute injury: Role of the fibrinolytic system. World Journal of Gastroenterology 26(16): 1879.
Roy Chowdhury, A.; Bakshi, R.; Wang, J.; Yildirir, G.; Liu, B.; Pappas-Brown, V. & Englund, P.T. 2010. The killing of African trypanosomes by ethidium bromide. PLoS Pathogens 6(12): e1001226.
Saeidnia, S. & Abdollahi, M. 2013. Are other fluorescent tags used instead of ethidium bromide safer? DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 21(1): 1-3.
Sarwar, N.; Imran, M.; Shaheen, M.R.; Ishaque, W.; Kamran, M.A.; Matloob, A. & Hussain, S. 2017. Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: modifications and future perspectives. Chemosphere 171: 710-721.
Sharholy, M.; Ahmad, K.; Mahmood, G. & Trivedi, R.C. 2008. Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities-A review. Waste Management 28(2): 459-467.
Shi, J., Weng, J.H., and Mitchison, T.J. (2021). Immunomodulatory drug discovery from herbal medicines: Insights from organ-specific activity and xenobiotic defenses. Elife 10: e73673.
Sinha, R.; Sinha, I.; Calcagnotto, A.; Trushin, N.; Haley, J.S.; Schell, T.D. & Richie, J.P. 2018. Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72(1): 105-111.
Sun, X.P. & Wang, F. 1991. The DNA intercalator, ethidium bromide, alters the pattern of DNAse I hypersensitive sites of the βA-globin gene in chicken erythrocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression 1089(2): 158-166.
Swindle, M.M.; Makin, A.; Herron, A.J.; Clubb Jr, F.J. & Frazier, K.S. 2012. Swine as models in biomedical research and toxicology testing. Veterinary Pathology 49(2): 344-356.
Trauner, M.; Claudel, T.; Fickert, P.; Moustafa, T. & Wagner, M. 2010. Bile acids as regulators of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Digestive Diseases 28(1): 220-224.
Ucar, A.; Özgeriş, F.B.; Yeltekin, A.Ç.; Parlak, V.; Alak, G.; Keleş, M.S. & Atamanalp, M. 2019. The effect of N‐acetylcysteine supplementation on the oxidative stress levels, apoptosis, DNA damage, and hematopoietic effect in pesticide‐exposed fish blood. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 33(6): e22311.
Vandenberg, L.N.; Colborn, T.; Hayes, T.B.; Heindel, J.J.; Jacobs Jr, D.R.; Lee, D.H. & Myers, J.P. 2012. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocrine Reviews 33(3): 378-455.
Vătavu, R.; Leonte, C.; Robu, T. & Slabu-Pascal, C. 2012. Ethidium bromide influence on photosynthetic pigments content in Calendula officinalis l. leaf. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal (EEMJ) 11(9): 1721-1724.
Wang, L.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Lv, G. & Wang, X. 2020. High capacity ethidium bromide removal by montmorillonites. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 37(12): 2202-2208.
Yap, C.Y. & Aw, T.C. 2010. Liver function tests (LFTs). Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 19(1): 80-82.
Yarijani, Z.M.; Najafi, H.; Shackebaei, D.; Madani, S.H.; Modarresi, M. & Jassemi, S.V. 2019. Amelioration of renal and hepatic function, oxidative stress, inflammation and histopathologic damages by Malva sylvestris extract in gentamicin induced renal toxicity. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 112: 108635.
Zeng, M.F.; Chen, L.; Ye, H.Y.; Gong, W.; Zhou, L.N.; Li, Y.M. & Zhao, X.L. 2017. Primary hypothyroidism and isolated ACTH deficiency induced by nivolumab therapy: Case report and review. Medicine 96(44).
Zhao, Y.Y.; Tang, K.J.; Zhang, T.T.; Gao, Y.Y.; Lin, L.P. & Wu, G.P. 2018. Quantification and discrimination of viable and dead Escherichia coli O157: H7 cells from chicken without enrichment by ethidium bromide monoazide real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Food Analytical Methods 11(5): 1257-1266.
References
Aitte, S.A. & Zain M.H. 2019. Study of changes in blood parameters and calculation of PCT, MPV and DPW for the platelets of laboratory females and males of albino mice during exposure to doses of pyrethriod pesticide (Alphacypermethrin). IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 14(2): 71-78.
Al-Abedi, G.J.; Sray, A.H.; Hussein, A.J. & Gharban, H.A. 2020. Detection and Bloody Profiles Evaluation of Naturally Infected Camels with Subclinical Trypanosoma evansi, Iraq. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 23: 232-243.
Al-Hussaini, R.M.A.H. 2016. Unsecure access and lack of safety disposal procedures of ethidium bromide in laboratory of molecular biology in Faculty of Science/Kufa University. Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry 16(2): 1-8.
Amirijavid, S. & Mohammadi, M. 2014. Toxicity of the ethidium bromide on germination of wheat, alfalfa and tomato. International Invention Journal of Agricultural and Soil Science 2(5): 69-74.
Anwar, F.; Abraham, J.; Nakshabandi, A. & Lee, E. 2018. Treatment of hypocalcemia in hungry bone syndrome: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 51: 335-339.
Armstrong, J.A. & Schulz, J.R. 2015. Agarose gel electrophoresis. Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques 10(1): 7-2.
Asmat, M.W.; Ramzan, M.H. & Ramzan, F. 2020. Exogenous neurokinin b administration may have a strong effect on negative feedback loop of hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 26(3): 1259-1267.
Bagshaw, S.M.; Egi, M.; George, C.; Bellomo, R. & ANZICS Database Management Committee. 2009. Early blood glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients in Australia. Critical Care Medicine 37(2): 463-470.
Baik, J.; Stringer, K.A.; Mane, G. & Rosania, G.R. 2013. Multiscale distribution and bioaccumulation analysis of clofazimine reveals a massive immune system-mediated xenobiotic sequestration response. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57(3): 1218-1230.
Banaei, M.; Mir, V.A.; Rafei, G.R.; and Majazi, A.B. 2008. Effect of sub-lethal diazinon concentrations on blood plasma biochemistry. International Journal of Environmental Research 2(2): 189-198.
Berntsen, H.F.; Bølling, A.K.; Bjørklund, C.G.; Zimmer, K.; Ropstad, E.; Zienolddiny, S. & Bodin, J. 2018. Decreased macrophage phagocytic function due to xenobiotic exposures in vitro, difference in sensitivity between various macrophage models. Food and Chemical Toxicology 112: 86-96.
Boor, P.J. 2017. The vascular toxicity of xenobiotics. Cellular and Molecular Toxicology and In Vitro Toxicology 1-18.
Brereton, M.F.; Iberl, M.; Shimomura, K.; Zhang, Q.; Adriaenssens, A.E.; Proks, P. & Ashcroft, F.M. 2014. Reversible changes in pancreatic islet structure and function produced by elevated blood glucose. Nature Communications 5(1): 1-11.
Burgos-Aceves, M.A.; Lionetti, L. & Faggio, C. 2019. Multidisciplinary haematology as prognostic device in environmental and xenobiotic stress-induced response in fish. Science of the Total Environment 670: 1170-1183.
Bushnell, P.J.; Kavlock, R.J.; Crofton, K.M.; Weiss, B. & Rice, D.C. 2010. Behavioral toxicology in the 21st century: challenges and opportunities for behavioral scientists: Summary of a symposium presented at the annual meeting of the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society, June, 2009. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 32(3): 313-328.
Chan, F.K.M.; Moriwaki, K. & De Rosa, M.J. 2013. Detection of necrosis by release of lactate dehydrogenase activity. In: Immune Homeostasis. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. pp: 65-70.
Chirumbolo, S.; Bjørklund, G.; Sboarina, A. & Vella, A. 2018. The role of basophils as innate immune regulatory cells in allergy and immunotherapy. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 14(4): 815-831.
Choudhury, C.; Mazumder, R.; Biswas, R. & Sengupta, M. 2021. Cadmium exposure induces inflammation through the canonical NF-κΒ pathway in monocytes/macrophages of Channa punctatus Bloch. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 110: 116-126.
Del Giudice, L. & Wolf, K. 2021. Evidence for a joint control of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in the petite negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Endosymbiosis and Cell Biology, 779-790.
eSilva, A.D.S.; Pertille, A.; Barbosa, C.G.R.; de Oliveira Silva, J.A.; de Jesus, D.V.; Ribeiro, A.G.S.V. & de Oliveira, J.J. 2019. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Renal Nutrition 29(6): 480-489.
Fogg, J.M.; Judge, A.K.; Stricker, E.; Chan, H.L. & Zechiedrich, L. 2021. Supercoiling and looping promote DNA base accessibility and coordination among distant sites. Nature Communications 12(1), 1-16.
Fymat, A.L. 2017. Disrupting Cell Mitoses to Provoke Cancer Self-Destruction. Cancer Therapy and Oncology International Journal 5(1): 1-3.
Geerling, G.; Daniels, J.T.; Dart, J.K.; Cree, I.A. & Khaw, P.T. 2001. Toxicity of natural tear substitutes in a fully defined culture model of human corneal epithelial cells. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42(5): 948-956.
Ghosh, R.; Rossner, P.; Honkova, K.; Dostal, M.; Sram, R.J. & Hertz-Picciotto, I. 2016. Air pollution and childhood bronchitis: Interaction with xenobiotic, immune regulatory and DNA repair genes. Environment International 87: 94-100.
Hejtmancik, M.R.; Ryan, M.J.; Toft, J.D.; Persing, R.L.; Kurtz, P.J. & Chhabra, R.S. 2002. Hematological effects in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice during the 13-week gavage toxicity study of methylene blue trihydrate. Toxicological Sciences 65(1): 126-134.
Hempel, E.V. & Bollard, E.R. 2016. The evidence-based evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. Medical Clinics 100(5): 1065-1075.
Jasper, R.; Locatelli, G.O.; Pilati, C. & Locatelli, C. 2012. Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup®. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 5(3): 133.
Jia, Z.; Chen, A.; Wang, C.; He, M.; Xu, J.; Fu, H. & Guo, Z. 2019. Amelioration effects of Kaempferol on immune response following chronic intermittent cold-stress. Research in Veterinary Science 125: 390-396.
Kahn, J.D. & Crothers, D.M. 1993. DNA bending in transcription initiation. In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 58: 115-122.
Kamal, A. & Malik, R.N. 2012. Hematological evidence of occupational exposure to chemicals and other factors among auto-repair workers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 3(4): 229-238.
Kelly, F.J. & Fussell, J.C. 2012. Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter. Atmospheric Environment 60: 504-526.
Khairkar, P.S.; More, S.; Pandey, A. & Pandey, M. 2016. Role of mean platelet volume (MPV) in diagnosing categories of thrombocytopenia. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology (4): 606.
Khaleel, K.J. & Ahmed, A.A. 2014. Platelet indices and their relations to platelet count in hypo-productive and hyper-destructive Thrombocytopenia. Kerbala Journal of Medicine 7(2): 1952-1958.
Khosravi, R.; Zarei, A. & Fazlzadeh, M. 2017. Investigation of TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles coated on raw pumice for efficient removal of ethidium bromide from aqueous solutions. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 26: 1352-1358.
Kumar, S.; Agrawal, S.; Raisinghani, N. & Khan, S. 2018. Leukocyte count: A reliable marker for the severity of organophosphate intoxication? Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10(02): 185-188.
Kwo, P.Y.; Cohen, S.M. & Lim, J.K. 2017. ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries. Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology| ACG, 112(1): 18-35.
Lalchhandama, K. 2016. The making of modern biotechnology: how ethidium bromide made fame. Scientific Visualization 16: 27-36.
Larsen, S.T.; Jackson, P.; Poulsen, S.S.; Levin, M.; Jensen, K.A.; Wallin, H. & Koponen, I.K. 2016. Airway irritation, inflammation, and toxicity in mice following inhalation of metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 10(9): 1254-1262.
Lee, E. J., and Lee, A. I. (2016). Thrombocytopenia. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 43(4): 543-557.
Limaye, A.; Yu, R.C.; Chou, C.C.; Liu, J.R. & Cheng, K.C. 2018. Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by dietary selenium and curcumin against AFB1-mediated toxicity in livestock: A review. Toxins 10(1): 25.
Maghnie, M.; Uga, E.; Temporini, F.; Di Iorgi, N.; Secco, A.; Tinelli, C. & Loche, S. 2005. Evaluation of adrenal function in patients with growth hormone deficiency and hypothalamic–pituitary disorders: comparison between insulin-induced hypoglycemia, low-dose ACTH, standard ACTH and CRH stimulation tests. European Journal of Endocrinology 152(5): 735-741.
Mali, M.H.A.; Ronad, G. & Arpitha, K. 2021. Role of platelet indices in the evaluation of thrombocytopenia. International Journal of Health and Clinical Research 4(11): 174-178.
Mathur, M.L.; Gaur, J.; Sharma, R. & Haldiya, K.R. 2011. Antidiabetic properties of a spice plant Nigella sativa. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1(1):1-8.
Nayak, S.; Mishra, C.S.K.; Guru, B.C. & Samal, S. 2018. Histological anomalies and alterations in enzyme activities of the earthworm Glyphidrillus tuberosus exposed to high concentrations of phosphogypsum. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190(9): 1-7.
Negash, M. & Tsegaye, A. 2016. Diagnostic predictive value of platelet indices for discriminating hypo productive versus immune thrombocytopenia purpura in patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Hematology 16(1): 1-8.
Nizet, A.; Cavalier, E.; Stenvinkel, P.; Haarhaus, M. & Magnusson, P. 2020. Bone alkaline phosphatase: An important biomarker in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. Clinica Chimica Acta 501: 198-206.
Okediran, B.S.; Biobaku, K.T.; Olaifa, F.H. & Atata, A.J. 2017. Haematological and antioxidant enzyme response to lead toxicity in male Wistar rats. Ceylon Journal of Science 46(2): 31-37.
Perrone, S.; Tataranno, M.L.; Stazzoni, G.; Del Vecchio, A. & Buonocore, G. 2012. Oxidative injury in neonatal erythrocytes. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 25 (Supl5): 104-108.
Piomelli, S. 1981. Chemical toxicity of red cells. Environmental Health Perspectives 39: 65-70.
Pizzorno, J. 2015. The kidney dysfunction epidemic, part 1: causes. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal 14(6): 8.
Prasad, S.; Srivastava, S.; Singh, M. & Shukla, Y. 2009. Clastogenic effects of glyphosate in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. Journal of Toxicology 2009: 1-6.
Prata, J.C.; da Costa, J.P.; Lopes, I.; Duarte, A.C. & Rocha-Santos, T. 2020. Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects. Science of the Total Environment 702: 134455.
Rakshit, K.D.; Darukeshwara, J.; Raj, K.R.; Narasimhamurthy, K.; Saibaba, P. & Bhagya, S. 2008. Toxicity studies of detoxified Jatropha meal (Jatropha curcas) in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(12): 3621-3625.
Ray, J.K., & Dhara, S. 2021. Synthesis of phenanthridine by palladium catalyzed suzuki coupling and condensation reaction. ChemRxiv 1-16.
Roth, K.; Strickland, J. & Copple, B.L. 2020. Regulation of macrophage activation in the liver after acute injury: Role of the fibrinolytic system. World Journal of Gastroenterology 26(16): 1879.
Roy Chowdhury, A.; Bakshi, R.; Wang, J.; Yildirir, G.; Liu, B.; Pappas-Brown, V. & Englund, P.T. 2010. The killing of African trypanosomes by ethidium bromide. PLoS Pathogens 6(12): e1001226.
Saeidnia, S. & Abdollahi, M. 2013. Are other fluorescent tags used instead of ethidium bromide safer? DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 21(1): 1-3.
Sarwar, N.; Imran, M.; Shaheen, M.R.; Ishaque, W.; Kamran, M.A.; Matloob, A. & Hussain, S. 2017. Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: modifications and future perspectives. Chemosphere 171: 710-721.
Sharholy, M.; Ahmad, K.; Mahmood, G. & Trivedi, R.C. 2008. Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities-A review. Waste Management 28(2): 459-467.
Shi, J., Weng, J.H., and Mitchison, T.J. (2021). Immunomodulatory drug discovery from herbal medicines: Insights from organ-specific activity and xenobiotic defenses. Elife 10: e73673.
Sinha, R.; Sinha, I.; Calcagnotto, A.; Trushin, N.; Haley, J.S.; Schell, T.D. & Richie, J.P. 2018. Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72(1): 105-111.
Sun, X.P. & Wang, F. 1991. The DNA intercalator, ethidium bromide, alters the pattern of DNAse I hypersensitive sites of the βA-globin gene in chicken erythrocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression 1089(2): 158-166.
Swindle, M.M.; Makin, A.; Herron, A.J.; Clubb Jr, F.J. & Frazier, K.S. 2012. Swine as models in biomedical research and toxicology testing. Veterinary Pathology 49(2): 344-356.
Trauner, M.; Claudel, T.; Fickert, P.; Moustafa, T. & Wagner, M. 2010. Bile acids as regulators of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Digestive Diseases 28(1): 220-224.
Ucar, A.; Özgeriş, F.B.; Yeltekin, A.Ç.; Parlak, V.; Alak, G.; Keleş, M.S. & Atamanalp, M. 2019. The effect of N‐acetylcysteine supplementation on the oxidative stress levels, apoptosis, DNA damage, and hematopoietic effect in pesticide‐exposed fish blood. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 33(6): e22311.
Vandenberg, L.N.; Colborn, T.; Hayes, T.B.; Heindel, J.J.; Jacobs Jr, D.R.; Lee, D.H. & Myers, J.P. 2012. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocrine Reviews 33(3): 378-455.
Vătavu, R.; Leonte, C.; Robu, T. & Slabu-Pascal, C. 2012. Ethidium bromide influence on photosynthetic pigments content in Calendula officinalis l. leaf. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal (EEMJ) 11(9): 1721-1724.
Wang, L.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Lv, G. & Wang, X. 2020. High capacity ethidium bromide removal by montmorillonites. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 37(12): 2202-2208.
Yap, C.Y. & Aw, T.C. 2010. Liver function tests (LFTs). Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 19(1): 80-82.
Yarijani, Z.M.; Najafi, H.; Shackebaei, D.; Madani, S.H.; Modarresi, M. & Jassemi, S.V. 2019. Amelioration of renal and hepatic function, oxidative stress, inflammation and histopathologic damages by Malva sylvestris extract in gentamicin induced renal toxicity. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 112: 108635.
Zeng, M.F.; Chen, L.; Ye, H.Y.; Gong, W.; Zhou, L.N.; Li, Y.M. & Zhao, X.L. 2017. Primary hypothyroidism and isolated ACTH deficiency induced by nivolumab therapy: Case report and review. Medicine 96(44).
Zhao, Y.Y.; Tang, K.J.; Zhang, T.T.; Gao, Y.Y.; Lin, L.P. & Wu, G.P. 2018. Quantification and discrimination of viable and dead Escherichia coli O157: H7 cells from chicken without enrichment by ethidium bromide monoazide real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Food Analytical Methods 11(5): 1257-1266.
Al-Abedi, G.J.; Sray, A.H.; Hussein, A.J. & Gharban, H.A. 2020. Detection and Bloody Profiles Evaluation of Naturally Infected Camels with Subclinical Trypanosoma evansi, Iraq. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 23: 232-243.
Al-Hussaini, R.M.A.H. 2016. Unsecure access and lack of safety disposal procedures of ethidium bromide in laboratory of molecular biology in Faculty of Science/Kufa University. Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry 16(2): 1-8.
Amirijavid, S. & Mohammadi, M. 2014. Toxicity of the ethidium bromide on germination of wheat, alfalfa and tomato. International Invention Journal of Agricultural and Soil Science 2(5): 69-74.
Anwar, F.; Abraham, J.; Nakshabandi, A. & Lee, E. 2018. Treatment of hypocalcemia in hungry bone syndrome: A case report. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 51: 335-339.
Armstrong, J.A. & Schulz, J.R. 2015. Agarose gel electrophoresis. Current Protocols Essential Laboratory Techniques 10(1): 7-2.
Asmat, M.W.; Ramzan, M.H. & Ramzan, F. 2020. Exogenous neurokinin b administration may have a strong effect on negative feedback loop of hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics 26(3): 1259-1267.
Bagshaw, S.M.; Egi, M.; George, C.; Bellomo, R. & ANZICS Database Management Committee. 2009. Early blood glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients in Australia. Critical Care Medicine 37(2): 463-470.
Baik, J.; Stringer, K.A.; Mane, G. & Rosania, G.R. 2013. Multiscale distribution and bioaccumulation analysis of clofazimine reveals a massive immune system-mediated xenobiotic sequestration response. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57(3): 1218-1230.
Banaei, M.; Mir, V.A.; Rafei, G.R.; and Majazi, A.B. 2008. Effect of sub-lethal diazinon concentrations on blood plasma biochemistry. International Journal of Environmental Research 2(2): 189-198.
Berntsen, H.F.; Bølling, A.K.; Bjørklund, C.G.; Zimmer, K.; Ropstad, E.; Zienolddiny, S. & Bodin, J. 2018. Decreased macrophage phagocytic function due to xenobiotic exposures in vitro, difference in sensitivity between various macrophage models. Food and Chemical Toxicology 112: 86-96.
Boor, P.J. 2017. The vascular toxicity of xenobiotics. Cellular and Molecular Toxicology and In Vitro Toxicology 1-18.
Brereton, M.F.; Iberl, M.; Shimomura, K.; Zhang, Q.; Adriaenssens, A.E.; Proks, P. & Ashcroft, F.M. 2014. Reversible changes in pancreatic islet structure and function produced by elevated blood glucose. Nature Communications 5(1): 1-11.
Burgos-Aceves, M.A.; Lionetti, L. & Faggio, C. 2019. Multidisciplinary haematology as prognostic device in environmental and xenobiotic stress-induced response in fish. Science of the Total Environment 670: 1170-1183.
Bushnell, P.J.; Kavlock, R.J.; Crofton, K.M.; Weiss, B. & Rice, D.C. 2010. Behavioral toxicology in the 21st century: challenges and opportunities for behavioral scientists: Summary of a symposium presented at the annual meeting of the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society, June, 2009. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 32(3): 313-328.
Chan, F.K.M.; Moriwaki, K. & De Rosa, M.J. 2013. Detection of necrosis by release of lactate dehydrogenase activity. In: Immune Homeostasis. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. pp: 65-70.
Chirumbolo, S.; Bjørklund, G.; Sboarina, A. & Vella, A. 2018. The role of basophils as innate immune regulatory cells in allergy and immunotherapy. Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics 14(4): 815-831.
Choudhury, C.; Mazumder, R.; Biswas, R. & Sengupta, M. 2021. Cadmium exposure induces inflammation through the canonical NF-κΒ pathway in monocytes/macrophages of Channa punctatus Bloch. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 110: 116-126.
Del Giudice, L. & Wolf, K. 2021. Evidence for a joint control of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis in the petite negative yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Endosymbiosis and Cell Biology, 779-790.
eSilva, A.D.S.; Pertille, A.; Barbosa, C.G.R.; de Oliveira Silva, J.A.; de Jesus, D.V.; Ribeiro, A.G.S.V. & de Oliveira, J.J. 2019. Effects of creatine supplementation on renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Renal Nutrition 29(6): 480-489.
Fogg, J.M.; Judge, A.K.; Stricker, E.; Chan, H.L. & Zechiedrich, L. 2021. Supercoiling and looping promote DNA base accessibility and coordination among distant sites. Nature Communications 12(1), 1-16.
Fymat, A.L. 2017. Disrupting Cell Mitoses to Provoke Cancer Self-Destruction. Cancer Therapy and Oncology International Journal 5(1): 1-3.
Geerling, G.; Daniels, J.T.; Dart, J.K.; Cree, I.A. & Khaw, P.T. 2001. Toxicity of natural tear substitutes in a fully defined culture model of human corneal epithelial cells. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42(5): 948-956.
Ghosh, R.; Rossner, P.; Honkova, K.; Dostal, M.; Sram, R.J. & Hertz-Picciotto, I. 2016. Air pollution and childhood bronchitis: Interaction with xenobiotic, immune regulatory and DNA repair genes. Environment International 87: 94-100.
Hejtmancik, M.R.; Ryan, M.J.; Toft, J.D.; Persing, R.L.; Kurtz, P.J. & Chhabra, R.S. 2002. Hematological effects in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice during the 13-week gavage toxicity study of methylene blue trihydrate. Toxicological Sciences 65(1): 126-134.
Hempel, E.V. & Bollard, E.R. 2016. The evidence-based evaluation of iron deficiency anemia. Medical Clinics 100(5): 1065-1075.
Jasper, R.; Locatelli, G.O.; Pilati, C. & Locatelli, C. 2012. Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup®. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 5(3): 133.
Jia, Z.; Chen, A.; Wang, C.; He, M.; Xu, J.; Fu, H. & Guo, Z. 2019. Amelioration effects of Kaempferol on immune response following chronic intermittent cold-stress. Research in Veterinary Science 125: 390-396.
Kahn, J.D. & Crothers, D.M. 1993. DNA bending in transcription initiation. In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 58: 115-122.
Kamal, A. & Malik, R.N. 2012. Hematological evidence of occupational exposure to chemicals and other factors among auto-repair workers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 3(4): 229-238.
Kelly, F.J. & Fussell, J.C. 2012. Size, source and chemical composition as determinants of toxicity attributable to ambient particulate matter. Atmospheric Environment 60: 504-526.
Khairkar, P.S.; More, S.; Pandey, A. & Pandey, M. 2016. Role of mean platelet volume (MPV) in diagnosing categories of thrombocytopenia. Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology (4): 606.
Khaleel, K.J. & Ahmed, A.A. 2014. Platelet indices and their relations to platelet count in hypo-productive and hyper-destructive Thrombocytopenia. Kerbala Journal of Medicine 7(2): 1952-1958.
Khosravi, R.; Zarei, A. & Fazlzadeh, M. 2017. Investigation of TiO 2 and ZnO nanoparticles coated on raw pumice for efficient removal of ethidium bromide from aqueous solutions. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 26: 1352-1358.
Kumar, S.; Agrawal, S.; Raisinghani, N. & Khan, S. 2018. Leukocyte count: A reliable marker for the severity of organophosphate intoxication? Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10(02): 185-188.
Kwo, P.Y.; Cohen, S.M. & Lim, J.K. 2017. ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries. Official Journal of the American College of Gastroenterology| ACG, 112(1): 18-35.
Lalchhandama, K. 2016. The making of modern biotechnology: how ethidium bromide made fame. Scientific Visualization 16: 27-36.
Larsen, S.T.; Jackson, P.; Poulsen, S.S.; Levin, M.; Jensen, K.A.; Wallin, H. & Koponen, I.K. 2016. Airway irritation, inflammation, and toxicity in mice following inhalation of metal oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 10(9): 1254-1262.
Lee, E. J., and Lee, A. I. (2016). Thrombocytopenia. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 43(4): 543-557.
Limaye, A.; Yu, R.C.; Chou, C.C.; Liu, J.R. & Cheng, K.C. 2018. Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by dietary selenium and curcumin against AFB1-mediated toxicity in livestock: A review. Toxins 10(1): 25.
Maghnie, M.; Uga, E.; Temporini, F.; Di Iorgi, N.; Secco, A.; Tinelli, C. & Loche, S. 2005. Evaluation of adrenal function in patients with growth hormone deficiency and hypothalamic–pituitary disorders: comparison between insulin-induced hypoglycemia, low-dose ACTH, standard ACTH and CRH stimulation tests. European Journal of Endocrinology 152(5): 735-741.
Mali, M.H.A.; Ronad, G. & Arpitha, K. 2021. Role of platelet indices in the evaluation of thrombocytopenia. International Journal of Health and Clinical Research 4(11): 174-178.
Mathur, M.L.; Gaur, J.; Sharma, R. & Haldiya, K.R. 2011. Antidiabetic properties of a spice plant Nigella sativa. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 1(1):1-8.
Nayak, S.; Mishra, C.S.K.; Guru, B.C. & Samal, S. 2018. Histological anomalies and alterations in enzyme activities of the earthworm Glyphidrillus tuberosus exposed to high concentrations of phosphogypsum. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 190(9): 1-7.
Negash, M. & Tsegaye, A. 2016. Diagnostic predictive value of platelet indices for discriminating hypo productive versus immune thrombocytopenia purpura in patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Hematology 16(1): 1-8.
Nizet, A.; Cavalier, E.; Stenvinkel, P.; Haarhaus, M. & Magnusson, P. 2020. Bone alkaline phosphatase: An important biomarker in chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. Clinica Chimica Acta 501: 198-206.
Okediran, B.S.; Biobaku, K.T.; Olaifa, F.H. & Atata, A.J. 2017. Haematological and antioxidant enzyme response to lead toxicity in male Wistar rats. Ceylon Journal of Science 46(2): 31-37.
Perrone, S.; Tataranno, M.L.; Stazzoni, G.; Del Vecchio, A. & Buonocore, G. 2012. Oxidative injury in neonatal erythrocytes. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 25 (Supl5): 104-108.
Piomelli, S. 1981. Chemical toxicity of red cells. Environmental Health Perspectives 39: 65-70.
Pizzorno, J. 2015. The kidney dysfunction epidemic, part 1: causes. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal 14(6): 8.
Prasad, S.; Srivastava, S.; Singh, M. & Shukla, Y. 2009. Clastogenic effects of glyphosate in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. Journal of Toxicology 2009: 1-6.
Prata, J.C.; da Costa, J.P.; Lopes, I.; Duarte, A.C. & Rocha-Santos, T. 2020. Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects. Science of the Total Environment 702: 134455.
Rakshit, K.D.; Darukeshwara, J.; Raj, K.R.; Narasimhamurthy, K.; Saibaba, P. & Bhagya, S. 2008. Toxicity studies of detoxified Jatropha meal (Jatropha curcas) in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 46(12): 3621-3625.
Ray, J.K., & Dhara, S. 2021. Synthesis of phenanthridine by palladium catalyzed suzuki coupling and condensation reaction. ChemRxiv 1-16.
Roth, K.; Strickland, J. & Copple, B.L. 2020. Regulation of macrophage activation in the liver after acute injury: Role of the fibrinolytic system. World Journal of Gastroenterology 26(16): 1879.
Roy Chowdhury, A.; Bakshi, R.; Wang, J.; Yildirir, G.; Liu, B.; Pappas-Brown, V. & Englund, P.T. 2010. The killing of African trypanosomes by ethidium bromide. PLoS Pathogens 6(12): e1001226.
Saeidnia, S. & Abdollahi, M. 2013. Are other fluorescent tags used instead of ethidium bromide safer? DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 21(1): 1-3.
Sarwar, N.; Imran, M.; Shaheen, M.R.; Ishaque, W.; Kamran, M.A.; Matloob, A. & Hussain, S. 2017. Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: modifications and future perspectives. Chemosphere 171: 710-721.
Sharholy, M.; Ahmad, K.; Mahmood, G. & Trivedi, R.C. 2008. Municipal solid waste management in Indian cities-A review. Waste Management 28(2): 459-467.
Shi, J., Weng, J.H., and Mitchison, T.J. (2021). Immunomodulatory drug discovery from herbal medicines: Insights from organ-specific activity and xenobiotic defenses. Elife 10: e73673.
Sinha, R.; Sinha, I.; Calcagnotto, A.; Trushin, N.; Haley, J.S.; Schell, T.D. & Richie, J.P. 2018. Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72(1): 105-111.
Sun, X.P. & Wang, F. 1991. The DNA intercalator, ethidium bromide, alters the pattern of DNAse I hypersensitive sites of the βA-globin gene in chicken erythrocytes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression 1089(2): 158-166.
Swindle, M.M.; Makin, A.; Herron, A.J.; Clubb Jr, F.J. & Frazier, K.S. 2012. Swine as models in biomedical research and toxicology testing. Veterinary Pathology 49(2): 344-356.
Trauner, M.; Claudel, T.; Fickert, P.; Moustafa, T. & Wagner, M. 2010. Bile acids as regulators of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Digestive Diseases 28(1): 220-224.
Ucar, A.; Özgeriş, F.B.; Yeltekin, A.Ç.; Parlak, V.; Alak, G.; Keleş, M.S. & Atamanalp, M. 2019. The effect of N‐acetylcysteine supplementation on the oxidative stress levels, apoptosis, DNA damage, and hematopoietic effect in pesticide‐exposed fish blood. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 33(6): e22311.
Vandenberg, L.N.; Colborn, T.; Hayes, T.B.; Heindel, J.J.; Jacobs Jr, D.R.; Lee, D.H. & Myers, J.P. 2012. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocrine Reviews 33(3): 378-455.
Vătavu, R.; Leonte, C.; Robu, T. & Slabu-Pascal, C. 2012. Ethidium bromide influence on photosynthetic pigments content in Calendula officinalis l. leaf. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal (EEMJ) 11(9): 1721-1724.
Wang, L.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Lv, G. & Wang, X. 2020. High capacity ethidium bromide removal by montmorillonites. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 37(12): 2202-2208.
Yap, C.Y. & Aw, T.C. 2010. Liver function tests (LFTs). Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 19(1): 80-82.
Yarijani, Z.M.; Najafi, H.; Shackebaei, D.; Madani, S.H.; Modarresi, M. & Jassemi, S.V. 2019. Amelioration of renal and hepatic function, oxidative stress, inflammation and histopathologic damages by Malva sylvestris extract in gentamicin induced renal toxicity. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 112: 108635.
Zeng, M.F.; Chen, L.; Ye, H.Y.; Gong, W.; Zhou, L.N.; Li, Y.M. & Zhao, X.L. 2017. Primary hypothyroidism and isolated ACTH deficiency induced by nivolumab therapy: Case report and review. Medicine 96(44).
Zhao, Y.Y.; Tang, K.J.; Zhang, T.T.; Gao, Y.Y.; Lin, L.P. & Wu, G.P. 2018. Quantification and discrimination of viable and dead Escherichia coli O157: H7 cells from chicken without enrichment by ethidium bromide monoazide real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Food Analytical Methods 11(5): 1257-1266.