Main Article Content
Abstract
The present study aimed to the evaluation the effects of age, sex and hormonal treatment on the plasma and hematological parameters of Aristichthys nobilis. A total of 80 fish in four treatments, including, four different ages :9-months,1, 2 and 3 years old males and females injected by pituitary gland. Based on the results, age was caused an increases in red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Hemoglobin (Hb) and Haematocrite, neutrophil and lymphocyte percent (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between age groups in WBC and monocytes (P>0.05). The plasma biochemical parameters, including calcium, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, protein and phosphorus changed with age and hormonal treatment respectively. The parameters of the hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH, lymphocyte, calcium, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and phosphorus also showed sex dependent differences. But, there was no significant difference between plasma and hematological parameters before and after the hormonal injection in both sexes.
Keywords
Haematology
Blood indices
Serum biochemistry
Bighead.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
HEIDARI, I., KHARA, H., & VAHABZADEH, H. (2021). Effect of age, sex and hormonal treatment on hematological and plasma indices of Aristichthys nobilis. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8(2), 151–159. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i2.274
References
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Anthony, O.; kechukwu, I. & Obinnaya, C.L. 2010. Haematological Profile of the African Lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen) of Anambra River, Nigeria. Journal of American Science 6: 123-30.
Bhatnagar, S. & Saksena, D.N. 1989. Observations on certain haematological and biochemical parameters of blood in an air-breathing teleost, Clariasbatrachus(Linn.). Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology 36: 163-168.
Bridges, D.W.; Cech J.J. & Pedro, D.N. 1976. Seasonal haematological changes in winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Trans American Fisheries Society 105: 596-600.
Clark, S.; Whitemore, D.H. & Mc Mahon, R.F. 1976. Consideration of blood parameters of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Journal of Fish Biology 14: 147-54.
Cnaani, A.; Tinman, S.; Avidar, Y.; Ron, M. & Hulata, G. 2004. Comparative study of biochemical parameters in response to stress in O. aureus, O. mossambicus and two strains of O. niloticus. Aquaculture Research 35: 1434-44.
Coz-Rakovac, R.; Strunjak-perovic, I.; Hacmanjek, M.; Topic, P.N.; Lipez, Z. & Sostaric, B. 2005. Blood chemistry and histological properties of wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrox) in the North Adriatic Sea. Veterinary Research Communities 29: 677-68.
Das, B.C. 1965. Age related trends in the blood chemistry and haematology of the Indian carp (Catlacatla). Gerontologia 10: 47-64.
De Pedro, N.; Guijarro, A.E.; Lopez-Patino, M.A.; Marinez-Alvarez, R. & Delgado, M. 2005. Daily and seasonal variation in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in tenchTincatinca. Aquaculture Research 36: 85-96.
Falahatkar, B.; Lotfi, A.; Safarpour Amlashi, A; Allaf Noveirian, H & Efatpanah, I. 2016. Growth performance, carcass composition, hematological and biochemical indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchusmykissjuveniles fed diet containing different levels of vitamin premix. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3(1): 53-63
Flajšhans, M. 1997. A model approach to distinguish diploid and triploid fish by means of computer-assisted image analysis. Acta Veterinary Brno 66: 101-10.
Fletcher, G.L. 1977.Circannual cycles of blood plasma freezing point Na+ and Cl- concentrations in Newfoundland winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): correlation with water temperature and photoperiod. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55: 789-795.
Folmar, L.C.; Moody, T.; Bonomelli, S. & Gibson, J. 1992. Annual cycle of blood chemistry parameters in striped mullet (Mugil cephalusL.) and the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboids L.) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Fish Biology 41: 999-1011.
Gabriel, U.U.; Akinrotimi, O.A. & Eseimokumo, F. 2011.Haematological responses of wild Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after acclimation to captivity. Journal of Biological Science 4: 225-30.
Haney, D.C.; Hursh, D.A.; Mix, M.C. & Winton, J.R. 1992. Physiological and haematological changes in chum salmon artificially infected with erythrocytic necrosis virus. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4: 48-57.
Hardig, J. & Hoglund, L.B. 1983. On accuracy in estimating fish blood variables. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology1: 35-40.
Hilge, V. 1980. Long-term observation on blood parameters of adult mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) held in a closed warm water system. Arch FischWiss 31: 41-50.
Hill, S. 1982. A literature review of the blood chemistry of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Journal of Fish Biology 20: 535-569.
Hrubec, T.C.; Cardinale, J.L. & Smith, S.A. 2000. Hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid). Veterinary Clinical Pathology 29: 7-12.
Hrubec, T.C.; Smith, S.A. & Robertson, J.L. 2001. Age related in haematology and chemistry values of hybrid striped bass chrysops Morone saxatilis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 30: 8-15.
Jamalzadeh, H.R. & Ghomi, M.R. 2009. Hematological parameters of Caspian salmon Salmo trutta caspius associated with age and season. Marine Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 42: 81-87.
Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.A. & Ahmed, H.K. 2004. The relationship between hematocrit and some biological parameters of the Indian shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Family Clupidae). Animal Biodiversity Conservation27: 478-83.
Khani, M.; Soltani, M.; ShamsaieMehrjan, M.; Foroudi, F. & Ghaeni, M. 2017. The effect of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) microalga on some hematological and immune system parameters of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 4(1): 62-68
Kori-Siakpere, O.; Ake, J.E.G. & Idoge, E. 2005.Haematological characteristics of the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura. African Journal of Biotechnology4: 527-30.
Kouril, J.; Svoboda, M.; Barth, T.; Hamakova, J.; Kalab, P.; Leplova, A.; Rendon, P.M.; Savina, L.; Sedova, M.; Svobodova, Z. & Vykusova, B. 2007. The effect of repeated application of hormonal treatment by different preparations in artificial propagation of tench (Tinca tinca L.) females on gained indices of reproduction, survival and blood biochemistry profile. Czech Journal Animal Science6: 183-188.
Lane, H.C. 1979. Progressive changes in hematology and tissue water of sexually mature trout, Salmogairdneri Richardson during the autumn and winter. Journal of Fish Biology15: 425-36.
Lermen, C.L.; Lappe, R.; Crestani, M.; Vieira, V.P.; Gioda, C.R.; Schetinger, M.R.C.; Baldisserotto, B.; Moraes, G. & Morsch, V.M. 2004. Effect of different temperature regimes on metabolic and blood parameters of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Aquaculture 239: 497-507.
Luskova, V. 1998. Factors affecting haematological indices in free-living fish populations. Acta Veterinary Brno 67: 249-55.
Mercaldo-Allen, R.; Dawson, M.A.; Kuropat, C.A. & Kapareiko, D. 2003. Variability in blood chemistry of Yellowtail Flounder, Limanda ferruginea, with regard to sex, season, and geographic location. In Massachusetts: Woods Hole. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE: 180-20.
O’Neal, C.C. & Weirich, C.R. 2001. Effects of low level salinity on Production and haematological parameters of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reared in multicrop ponds. In: Book of abstract. Aquaculture. International Triennial Conference of World Aquaculture Society. Jan: 21-25.
Orun, I. & Erdeml, A.U. 2002. A study on blood parameters of Capoet atrutta (Heckel, 1843). Journal of Biological Science 8: 508-11.
Parma, D.E. & Croux, M.J. 1994. Some haematological parameters in Prochiloduslineatus. Review Hydrobiol Tropical 2: 113-19.
Pavlidis, M.; Futter, W.C.; Kathario, P. & Divanach, P. 2007. Blood cells of six Mediterranean mariculture fish species. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23: 70-73.
Powers, D.A. 1980. Molecular ecology of teleost fish hemoglobin: strategies for adapting to changing environments. American Zoology. 139-162.
Ranzani-Paiva, M.J.T. 1995.Caracterı´sticas hematologicas de tainha Mugil platanus Gunther, 1880 (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) da regiaoestuarino-lagunar de Cananeia – SP (Lat. 25_000S–Long. 47_550W). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 1: 1–22.
Ranzani-Paiva, M.J.T.E.L.; Rodrigues, M.L.; Veiga, A.C. & Eiras, B.E.S. 2003. Differential leukocyte counts in “dourado” Salvinus maxillosus Valenciennes, 1840 from the Mogi-Guaçu River, Pirassununga, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology 63: 517-25.
Sandstrom O. 1989. Seasonal variations in some blood parameters in perch, Perca fluviatilis L. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 5: 80-84.
Satheeshkumar, P.; Ananthan, G.; Senthil Kumar, D.& Jagadeesan, L. 2011.Haematology and biochemical parameters of different feeding behaviour of teleost fishes from Vellar estuary, India. Comparative Clinical Pathology 5: 1-5.
Siwicki A.K.; Zakeoe, Z.; Trapkowska, S.; Kowalska, A.; Kazun, K. & Gbski, E. 2003. Selected Haematological and biochemical parameters of pikeperch sander lucioperca from intensive culture. Arch Polish Fisheries 11: 17-22.
Skjervold, P.O.; Fjaera, S.O.; Ostby, P.B. & Einen, O. 2001. Live-chilling and crowding stress before slaughter of Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar). Aquaculture 192: 265-80.
Svetina, A.; Matasin, Z.; Tofant, A.; Vucemilo, M.& Fuan, N. 2002. Haematology and some blood chemical parameters of young carp till the age of three years. Acta Veterinary Hungarica 50: 459-67.
Svobodová, Z.; Kolářová, J. & Flajšhans, M. 1998. The first findings of the differences in complete blood count between diploid and triploid tench, Tinca tinca. Acta Veterinary Brno 67: 243-48.
Tavares-Dias, M. & Moraes, F.R. Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (IctaluruspunctatusRaf.) with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 36: 49-54.
Wedemeyer, G.A. & Yasutake, W.T. 1977. Clinical methods for the assessment of the effects of environmental stress on fish health. Fish Wildlife Service. pp: 89-118
Wilson, R.W. & Taylor, E.W. 1993. The physiological responses of freshwater rainbow trout, Onchorynchusmykiss, during acute exposure. Journal of Comparative Physiology 163b: 38-47.
Wojtaszek, J. & Jungowska, B. 1983.Haematological indices of adult carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Zoology Polonia 4: 107-14.
References
Anthony, O.; kechukwu, I. & Obinnaya, C.L. 2010. Haematological Profile of the African Lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen) of Anambra River, Nigeria. Journal of American Science 6: 123-30.
Bhatnagar, S. & Saksena, D.N. 1989. Observations on certain haematological and biochemical parameters of blood in an air-breathing teleost, Clariasbatrachus(Linn.). Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology 36: 163-168.
Bridges, D.W.; Cech J.J. & Pedro, D.N. 1976. Seasonal haematological changes in winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Trans American Fisheries Society 105: 596-600.
Clark, S.; Whitemore, D.H. & Mc Mahon, R.F. 1976. Consideration of blood parameters of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Journal of Fish Biology 14: 147-54.
Cnaani, A.; Tinman, S.; Avidar, Y.; Ron, M. & Hulata, G. 2004. Comparative study of biochemical parameters in response to stress in O. aureus, O. mossambicus and two strains of O. niloticus. Aquaculture Research 35: 1434-44.
Coz-Rakovac, R.; Strunjak-perovic, I.; Hacmanjek, M.; Topic, P.N.; Lipez, Z. & Sostaric, B. 2005. Blood chemistry and histological properties of wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrox) in the North Adriatic Sea. Veterinary Research Communities 29: 677-68.
Das, B.C. 1965. Age related trends in the blood chemistry and haematology of the Indian carp (Catlacatla). Gerontologia 10: 47-64.
De Pedro, N.; Guijarro, A.E.; Lopez-Patino, M.A.; Marinez-Alvarez, R. & Delgado, M. 2005. Daily and seasonal variation in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in tenchTincatinca. Aquaculture Research 36: 85-96.
Falahatkar, B.; Lotfi, A.; Safarpour Amlashi, A; Allaf Noveirian, H & Efatpanah, I. 2016. Growth performance, carcass composition, hematological and biochemical indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchusmykissjuveniles fed diet containing different levels of vitamin premix. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3(1): 53-63
Flajšhans, M. 1997. A model approach to distinguish diploid and triploid fish by means of computer-assisted image analysis. Acta Veterinary Brno 66: 101-10.
Fletcher, G.L. 1977.Circannual cycles of blood plasma freezing point Na+ and Cl- concentrations in Newfoundland winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): correlation with water temperature and photoperiod. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55: 789-795.
Folmar, L.C.; Moody, T.; Bonomelli, S. & Gibson, J. 1992. Annual cycle of blood chemistry parameters in striped mullet (Mugil cephalusL.) and the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboids L.) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Fish Biology 41: 999-1011.
Gabriel, U.U.; Akinrotimi, O.A. & Eseimokumo, F. 2011.Haematological responses of wild Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after acclimation to captivity. Journal of Biological Science 4: 225-30.
Haney, D.C.; Hursh, D.A.; Mix, M.C. & Winton, J.R. 1992. Physiological and haematological changes in chum salmon artificially infected with erythrocytic necrosis virus. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4: 48-57.
Hardig, J. & Hoglund, L.B. 1983. On accuracy in estimating fish blood variables. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology1: 35-40.
Hilge, V. 1980. Long-term observation on blood parameters of adult mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) held in a closed warm water system. Arch FischWiss 31: 41-50.
Hill, S. 1982. A literature review of the blood chemistry of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Journal of Fish Biology 20: 535-569.
Hrubec, T.C.; Cardinale, J.L. & Smith, S.A. 2000. Hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid). Veterinary Clinical Pathology 29: 7-12.
Hrubec, T.C.; Smith, S.A. & Robertson, J.L. 2001. Age related in haematology and chemistry values of hybrid striped bass chrysops Morone saxatilis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 30: 8-15.
Jamalzadeh, H.R. & Ghomi, M.R. 2009. Hematological parameters of Caspian salmon Salmo trutta caspius associated with age and season. Marine Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 42: 81-87.
Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.A. & Ahmed, H.K. 2004. The relationship between hematocrit and some biological parameters of the Indian shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Family Clupidae). Animal Biodiversity Conservation27: 478-83.
Khani, M.; Soltani, M.; ShamsaieMehrjan, M.; Foroudi, F. & Ghaeni, M. 2017. The effect of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) microalga on some hematological and immune system parameters of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 4(1): 62-68
Kori-Siakpere, O.; Ake, J.E.G. & Idoge, E. 2005.Haematological characteristics of the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura. African Journal of Biotechnology4: 527-30.
Kouril, J.; Svoboda, M.; Barth, T.; Hamakova, J.; Kalab, P.; Leplova, A.; Rendon, P.M.; Savina, L.; Sedova, M.; Svobodova, Z. & Vykusova, B. 2007. The effect of repeated application of hormonal treatment by different preparations in artificial propagation of tench (Tinca tinca L.) females on gained indices of reproduction, survival and blood biochemistry profile. Czech Journal Animal Science6: 183-188.
Lane, H.C. 1979. Progressive changes in hematology and tissue water of sexually mature trout, Salmogairdneri Richardson during the autumn and winter. Journal of Fish Biology15: 425-36.
Lermen, C.L.; Lappe, R.; Crestani, M.; Vieira, V.P.; Gioda, C.R.; Schetinger, M.R.C.; Baldisserotto, B.; Moraes, G. & Morsch, V.M. 2004. Effect of different temperature regimes on metabolic and blood parameters of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Aquaculture 239: 497-507.
Luskova, V. 1998. Factors affecting haematological indices in free-living fish populations. Acta Veterinary Brno 67: 249-55.
Mercaldo-Allen, R.; Dawson, M.A.; Kuropat, C.A. & Kapareiko, D. 2003. Variability in blood chemistry of Yellowtail Flounder, Limanda ferruginea, with regard to sex, season, and geographic location. In Massachusetts: Woods Hole. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE: 180-20.
O’Neal, C.C. & Weirich, C.R. 2001. Effects of low level salinity on Production and haematological parameters of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reared in multicrop ponds. In: Book of abstract. Aquaculture. International Triennial Conference of World Aquaculture Society. Jan: 21-25.
Orun, I. & Erdeml, A.U. 2002. A study on blood parameters of Capoet atrutta (Heckel, 1843). Journal of Biological Science 8: 508-11.
Parma, D.E. & Croux, M.J. 1994. Some haematological parameters in Prochiloduslineatus. Review Hydrobiol Tropical 2: 113-19.
Pavlidis, M.; Futter, W.C.; Kathario, P. & Divanach, P. 2007. Blood cells of six Mediterranean mariculture fish species. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23: 70-73.
Powers, D.A. 1980. Molecular ecology of teleost fish hemoglobin: strategies for adapting to changing environments. American Zoology. 139-162.
Ranzani-Paiva, M.J.T. 1995.Caracterı´sticas hematologicas de tainha Mugil platanus Gunther, 1880 (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae) da regiaoestuarino-lagunar de Cananeia – SP (Lat. 25_000S–Long. 47_550W). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 1: 1–22.
Ranzani-Paiva, M.J.T.E.L.; Rodrigues, M.L.; Veiga, A.C. & Eiras, B.E.S. 2003. Differential leukocyte counts in “dourado” Salvinus maxillosus Valenciennes, 1840 from the Mogi-Guaçu River, Pirassununga, SP. Brazilian Journal of Biology 63: 517-25.
Sandstrom O. 1989. Seasonal variations in some blood parameters in perch, Perca fluviatilis L. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 5: 80-84.
Satheeshkumar, P.; Ananthan, G.; Senthil Kumar, D.& Jagadeesan, L. 2011.Haematology and biochemical parameters of different feeding behaviour of teleost fishes from Vellar estuary, India. Comparative Clinical Pathology 5: 1-5.
Siwicki A.K.; Zakeoe, Z.; Trapkowska, S.; Kowalska, A.; Kazun, K. & Gbski, E. 2003. Selected Haematological and biochemical parameters of pikeperch sander lucioperca from intensive culture. Arch Polish Fisheries 11: 17-22.
Skjervold, P.O.; Fjaera, S.O.; Ostby, P.B. & Einen, O. 2001. Live-chilling and crowding stress before slaughter of Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar). Aquaculture 192: 265-80.
Svetina, A.; Matasin, Z.; Tofant, A.; Vucemilo, M.& Fuan, N. 2002. Haematology and some blood chemical parameters of young carp till the age of three years. Acta Veterinary Hungarica 50: 459-67.
Svobodová, Z.; Kolářová, J. & Flajšhans, M. 1998. The first findings of the differences in complete blood count between diploid and triploid tench, Tinca tinca. Acta Veterinary Brno 67: 243-48.
Tavares-Dias, M. & Moraes, F.R. Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (IctaluruspunctatusRaf.) with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 36: 49-54.
Wedemeyer, G.A. & Yasutake, W.T. 1977. Clinical methods for the assessment of the effects of environmental stress on fish health. Fish Wildlife Service. pp: 89-118
Wilson, R.W. & Taylor, E.W. 1993. The physiological responses of freshwater rainbow trout, Onchorynchusmykiss, during acute exposure. Journal of Comparative Physiology 163b: 38-47.
Wojtaszek, J. & Jungowska, B. 1983.Haematological indices of adult carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Zoology Polonia 4: 107-14.
Bhatnagar, S. & Saksena, D.N. 1989. Observations on certain haematological and biochemical parameters of blood in an air-breathing teleost, Clariasbatrachus(Linn.). Journal of Animal Morphology and Physiology 36: 163-168.
Bridges, D.W.; Cech J.J. & Pedro, D.N. 1976. Seasonal haematological changes in winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Trans American Fisheries Society 105: 596-600.
Clark, S.; Whitemore, D.H. & Mc Mahon, R.F. 1976. Consideration of blood parameters of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. Journal of Fish Biology 14: 147-54.
Cnaani, A.; Tinman, S.; Avidar, Y.; Ron, M. & Hulata, G. 2004. Comparative study of biochemical parameters in response to stress in O. aureus, O. mossambicus and two strains of O. niloticus. Aquaculture Research 35: 1434-44.
Coz-Rakovac, R.; Strunjak-perovic, I.; Hacmanjek, M.; Topic, P.N.; Lipez, Z. & Sostaric, B. 2005. Blood chemistry and histological properties of wild and cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchuslabrox) in the North Adriatic Sea. Veterinary Research Communities 29: 677-68.
Das, B.C. 1965. Age related trends in the blood chemistry and haematology of the Indian carp (Catlacatla). Gerontologia 10: 47-64.
De Pedro, N.; Guijarro, A.E.; Lopez-Patino, M.A.; Marinez-Alvarez, R. & Delgado, M. 2005. Daily and seasonal variation in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in tenchTincatinca. Aquaculture Research 36: 85-96.
Falahatkar, B.; Lotfi, A.; Safarpour Amlashi, A; Allaf Noveirian, H & Efatpanah, I. 2016. Growth performance, carcass composition, hematological and biochemical indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchusmykissjuveniles fed diet containing different levels of vitamin premix. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 3(1): 53-63
Flajšhans, M. 1997. A model approach to distinguish diploid and triploid fish by means of computer-assisted image analysis. Acta Veterinary Brno 66: 101-10.
Fletcher, G.L. 1977.Circannual cycles of blood plasma freezing point Na+ and Cl- concentrations in Newfoundland winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus): correlation with water temperature and photoperiod. Canadian Journal of Zoology 55: 789-795.
Folmar, L.C.; Moody, T.; Bonomelli, S. & Gibson, J. 1992. Annual cycle of blood chemistry parameters in striped mullet (Mugil cephalusL.) and the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboids L.) from the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Fish Biology 41: 999-1011.
Gabriel, U.U.; Akinrotimi, O.A. & Eseimokumo, F. 2011.Haematological responses of wild Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus after acclimation to captivity. Journal of Biological Science 4: 225-30.
Haney, D.C.; Hursh, D.A.; Mix, M.C. & Winton, J.R. 1992. Physiological and haematological changes in chum salmon artificially infected with erythrocytic necrosis virus. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 4: 48-57.
Hardig, J. & Hoglund, L.B. 1983. On accuracy in estimating fish blood variables. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology1: 35-40.
Hilge, V. 1980. Long-term observation on blood parameters of adult mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) held in a closed warm water system. Arch FischWiss 31: 41-50.
Hill, S. 1982. A literature review of the blood chemistry of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Journal of Fish Biology 20: 535-569.
Hrubec, T.C.; Cardinale, J.L. & Smith, S.A. 2000. Hematology and plasma chemistry reference intervals for cultured tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid). Veterinary Clinical Pathology 29: 7-12.
Hrubec, T.C.; Smith, S.A. & Robertson, J.L. 2001. Age related in haematology and chemistry values of hybrid striped bass chrysops Morone saxatilis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 30: 8-15.
Jamalzadeh, H.R. & Ghomi, M.R. 2009. Hematological parameters of Caspian salmon Salmo trutta caspius associated with age and season. Marine Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 42: 81-87.
Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.A. & Ahmed, H.K. 2004. The relationship between hematocrit and some biological parameters of the Indian shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Family Clupidae). Animal Biodiversity Conservation27: 478-83.
Khani, M.; Soltani, M.; ShamsaieMehrjan, M.; Foroudi, F. & Ghaeni, M. 2017. The effect of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta, Volvocales) microalga on some hematological and immune system parameters of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 4(1): 62-68
Kori-Siakpere, O.; Ake, J.E.G. & Idoge, E. 2005.Haematological characteristics of the African snakehead, Parachanna obscura. African Journal of Biotechnology4: 527-30.
Kouril, J.; Svoboda, M.; Barth, T.; Hamakova, J.; Kalab, P.; Leplova, A.; Rendon, P.M.; Savina, L.; Sedova, M.; Svobodova, Z. & Vykusova, B. 2007. The effect of repeated application of hormonal treatment by different preparations in artificial propagation of tench (Tinca tinca L.) females on gained indices of reproduction, survival and blood biochemistry profile. Czech Journal Animal Science6: 183-188.
Lane, H.C. 1979. Progressive changes in hematology and tissue water of sexually mature trout, Salmogairdneri Richardson during the autumn and winter. Journal of Fish Biology15: 425-36.
Lermen, C.L.; Lappe, R.; Crestani, M.; Vieira, V.P.; Gioda, C.R.; Schetinger, M.R.C.; Baldisserotto, B.; Moraes, G. & Morsch, V.M. 2004. Effect of different temperature regimes on metabolic and blood parameters of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Aquaculture 239: 497-507.
Luskova, V. 1998. Factors affecting haematological indices in free-living fish populations. Acta Veterinary Brno 67: 249-55.
Mercaldo-Allen, R.; Dawson, M.A.; Kuropat, C.A. & Kapareiko, D. 2003. Variability in blood chemistry of Yellowtail Flounder, Limanda ferruginea, with regard to sex, season, and geographic location. In Massachusetts: Woods Hole. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE: 180-20.
O’Neal, C.C. & Weirich, C.R. 2001. Effects of low level salinity on Production and haematological parameters of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) reared in multicrop ponds. In: Book of abstract. Aquaculture. International Triennial Conference of World Aquaculture Society. Jan: 21-25.
Orun, I. & Erdeml, A.U. 2002. A study on blood parameters of Capoet atrutta (Heckel, 1843). Journal of Biological Science 8: 508-11.
Parma, D.E. & Croux, M.J. 1994. Some haematological parameters in Prochiloduslineatus. Review Hydrobiol Tropical 2: 113-19.
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Powers, D.A. 1980. Molecular ecology of teleost fish hemoglobin: strategies for adapting to changing environments. American Zoology. 139-162.
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