Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate some genetic parameters of growth traits and the yield of two varieties of radish Raphanus sativus L., namely Turkish red and Turkish white under the influence of soil coverage viz. no mulch, green and blue. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment with six treatments according to the design of the sectors, during the autumn growing season of 2019-2020. The results indicated that the Turkish red cultivar showed a significant superiority over the Turkish white for the traits of the plant height, weight of leaves, root weight, and total yield, while Turkish white cultivar had a significantly higher number of leaves/plant. The green mulch treatment showed the highest values of root weight and total yield. The best values for root weight and total yield, appear on the cultivar Turkish red under covered plants.
Keywords
Radish
Genetic improvement
Soil mulching
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
AL-JUBOURI, A. A. H., AL-HAMADANY, S. Y. H., & AL-SHAKARCHY, W. Y. R. (2022). Effect of soil mulching on the genetic performance of two radishes Raphanus sativus L. varieties Turkish red and white. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9, 110–115. Retrieved from https://ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/784
References
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Al-Kamar Majid, K. 1999. Horticultural plant breeding. Gulf House Library.
Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Willey and Sons. Inc. New York. 485 p.
Al-Masoum, A.; Saghir, A.R. & Itami, S. 1993. Soil Colorization for Weed Management in U.A.E. Emirates Journal of Agriculture Sciences 7: 507-510.
Al-Masoum, A.A.R. 1996. The role of mulches in vegetable production in dry areas. Emirates Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8: 1-24.
Bhardwaj, R.L. & Sarolia, D.K. 2012. Effect of mulching on crop production under rain fed condition: A review. Agricultural Reviews 2(2): 8-20.
Central Statistical Organization. 2019. Crop and vegetable production. Agricultural Statistics Directorate- Planning Commission- Cabinet Republic of Iraq.
Chandel, K.S.; Pokharel T.R.; Chauhan, A.; Sharma, J.K. & Kataria, R.K. 2015. Genetic variability in biparental progenies of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research 41(1): 142-145.
Chapagain, T.R.; Piya, S.; Dangal, N.B.; Mandal, J.L. & Chaudhary, B.P. 2010. Comparisons of commercial and local varieties of radish at different level of manures and fertilizers. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11: 51-56.
Dilbag, S. & Singh, R. 2012. Path coefficient analysis for seedling vigour in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes. Hort. Flora Research Spectrum 1(4): 339-343.
Dongarwar, L.N.; Kashiwar, S.R.; Ghawade, S.M. & Dongarwar, U.R. 2018. Varietal performance of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties in black soils of vidharbha-maharashtra, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(1): 491-501.
Ham, J.M.; Kluiteberg, G.J. & Lamont, W.J. 1993. Optical properties of plastic mulches affect the field temperature regime. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118: 188-193.
Jabal, S.A.; Yuse, A. & Ghada, A. 2015. Study of variance and phenotypic correlation coefficient between yield and some of its components in different models of local radish. Damascus University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31(1): 121-130.
Jensen, M. 1988. The achievements on the use of plastic in agriculture. In International seminar on the utilization of the plastics in agriculture. Food & Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region & Rural Development Administration of Korea (pp. 1-17).
Jerffson, L.S.; Fernandes, C.A.F. & Oliveira, L.S. 2016. Use of mulches and their effects on the radish crop. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental 2(11): 955-959.
Kazi, S.I. 2016. Growth, yield and economic benefits of radish as influenced by manures and mulching. A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Horticulture, her-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science (MS) in horticulture. 110 p.
Kopta, T. & Pokluda, R. 2013. Yields, quality and nutritional parameters of radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars when grown organically in the Czech Republic. Horticultural Science 40(1): 16-21.
Kumar, R.; Sharma, R.; Gupta, R.K. & Singh, M. 2012. Determination of genetic variability and divergence for root yield and quality characters in temperate radishes. International Journal of Vegetable Science 18(4): 307-318.
Lush, J.L. 1943. Animals breeding plants. Iowa State Collage Press, Ames lowa. 437 p.
Mallikarjunarao, K.; Singh, P.K.; Vaidya, A.; Pradhan, R. & Das, R.K. 2015. Genetic variability and selection parameters for different genotypes of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Kashmir valley. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 21(4): 361-364.
Mapari, A.V. & Peshattiwar, P.D. 2010. Correlation and path analysis studies in radish. The Asian Journal of Horticulture 4(2): 285- 288.
Mukhdoomi, M.I.; Din, G.; Ahmed, N.; Hussain, K. & Gazala, N. 2007. Genetic variability and selection parameters for yield attributes in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Asian Journal of Horticulture 2(2): 141- 143.
Poudel, K.; Karki, S.; Sah, M.K. & Mandal, J.L. 2018. Evaluation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes in Eastern mid-hills condition of Nepal. World News of Natural Sciences 19: 155-159.
Rajput, R.N. & Pal, A.K. 2014. Correlation and path analysis studies in radish grown under partial shade. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 16(2): 131-134.
SAS 1996. Statistical Analysis Syste. SAS Institute. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Semba, S.; Rana, R.; Haibam, T-Y. & Ramjan, M.D. 2019. Performance of Different Radish Varieties under Foothill Region Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(7): 869-877.
Singh, B.K.; Koley, T.K.; Karmakar, P.; Tripathi, A.; Singh, B. & Singh, M. 2017. Pigmented radish (Raphanus sativus): Genetic variability, heritability and inter-relationships of total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87(12): 1600-1606.
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd, Mc Graw-Hill, Book, Co. In (C.) London. 560 p.
Tatsuzawa, F.; Saito, N.; Toki, K.; Shinoda, K.; Shigihara, A. & Honda, T. 2010. Acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides from the purple roots of red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) ‘Benikanmi .Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 79(1): 103-107.
Ullah, M.Z.; Hasan, M.J.; Rahman, A.H.M.A. & Saki, A.I. 2010. Genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The Agriculturists 8(2): 22-27.
Whiting, D.; Wilson, C. & Omeara, C. 2005. Mulches for the vegetable garden. CSU. Cooperative extension- Horticulture. Colorado State University Cooperative Extension.
Yamane, K.; Lu, N. & Ohnishi, O. 2009. Multiple origins and high genetic diversity of cultivated radish inferred from polymorphism in chloroplast simple sequence repeats. Breeding Science 59: 55-65.
Yong, P. 2020. Effects of different colored film mulches on the growth and bolting time of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae 266: 109271.
Zaki, H.E.M.; Takahata, Y. & Yokoi, S. 2012. Analysis of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of roots in three radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars that differ in root shape. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 87(2): 172-178.
References
Al-Kamar Majid, K. 1999. Horticultural plant breeding. Gulf House Library.
Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Willey and Sons. Inc. New York. 485 p.
Al-Masoum, A.; Saghir, A.R. & Itami, S. 1993. Soil Colorization for Weed Management in U.A.E. Emirates Journal of Agriculture Sciences 7: 507-510.
Al-Masoum, A.A.R. 1996. The role of mulches in vegetable production in dry areas. Emirates Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8: 1-24.
Bhardwaj, R.L. & Sarolia, D.K. 2012. Effect of mulching on crop production under rain fed condition: A review. Agricultural Reviews 2(2): 8-20.
Central Statistical Organization. 2019. Crop and vegetable production. Agricultural Statistics Directorate- Planning Commission- Cabinet Republic of Iraq.
Chandel, K.S.; Pokharel T.R.; Chauhan, A.; Sharma, J.K. & Kataria, R.K. 2015. Genetic variability in biparental progenies of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research 41(1): 142-145.
Chapagain, T.R.; Piya, S.; Dangal, N.B.; Mandal, J.L. & Chaudhary, B.P. 2010. Comparisons of commercial and local varieties of radish at different level of manures and fertilizers. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11: 51-56.
Dilbag, S. & Singh, R. 2012. Path coefficient analysis for seedling vigour in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes. Hort. Flora Research Spectrum 1(4): 339-343.
Dongarwar, L.N.; Kashiwar, S.R.; Ghawade, S.M. & Dongarwar, U.R. 2018. Varietal performance of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties in black soils of vidharbha-maharashtra, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(1): 491-501.
Ham, J.M.; Kluiteberg, G.J. & Lamont, W.J. 1993. Optical properties of plastic mulches affect the field temperature regime. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118: 188-193.
Jabal, S.A.; Yuse, A. & Ghada, A. 2015. Study of variance and phenotypic correlation coefficient between yield and some of its components in different models of local radish. Damascus University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31(1): 121-130.
Jensen, M. 1988. The achievements on the use of plastic in agriculture. In International seminar on the utilization of the plastics in agriculture. Food & Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region & Rural Development Administration of Korea (pp. 1-17).
Jerffson, L.S.; Fernandes, C.A.F. & Oliveira, L.S. 2016. Use of mulches and their effects on the radish crop. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental 2(11): 955-959.
Kazi, S.I. 2016. Growth, yield and economic benefits of radish as influenced by manures and mulching. A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Horticulture, her-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science (MS) in horticulture. 110 p.
Kopta, T. & Pokluda, R. 2013. Yields, quality and nutritional parameters of radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars when grown organically in the Czech Republic. Horticultural Science 40(1): 16-21.
Kumar, R.; Sharma, R.; Gupta, R.K. & Singh, M. 2012. Determination of genetic variability and divergence for root yield and quality characters in temperate radishes. International Journal of Vegetable Science 18(4): 307-318.
Lush, J.L. 1943. Animals breeding plants. Iowa State Collage Press, Ames lowa. 437 p.
Mallikarjunarao, K.; Singh, P.K.; Vaidya, A.; Pradhan, R. & Das, R.K. 2015. Genetic variability and selection parameters for different genotypes of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Kashmir valley. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 21(4): 361-364.
Mapari, A.V. & Peshattiwar, P.D. 2010. Correlation and path analysis studies in radish. The Asian Journal of Horticulture 4(2): 285- 288.
Mukhdoomi, M.I.; Din, G.; Ahmed, N.; Hussain, K. & Gazala, N. 2007. Genetic variability and selection parameters for yield attributes in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Asian Journal of Horticulture 2(2): 141- 143.
Poudel, K.; Karki, S.; Sah, M.K. & Mandal, J.L. 2018. Evaluation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes in Eastern mid-hills condition of Nepal. World News of Natural Sciences 19: 155-159.
Rajput, R.N. & Pal, A.K. 2014. Correlation and path analysis studies in radish grown under partial shade. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 16(2): 131-134.
SAS 1996. Statistical Analysis Syste. SAS Institute. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Semba, S.; Rana, R.; Haibam, T-Y. & Ramjan, M.D. 2019. Performance of Different Radish Varieties under Foothill Region Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(7): 869-877.
Singh, B.K.; Koley, T.K.; Karmakar, P.; Tripathi, A.; Singh, B. & Singh, M. 2017. Pigmented radish (Raphanus sativus): Genetic variability, heritability and inter-relationships of total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87(12): 1600-1606.
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd, Mc Graw-Hill, Book, Co. In (C.) London. 560 p.
Tatsuzawa, F.; Saito, N.; Toki, K.; Shinoda, K.; Shigihara, A. & Honda, T. 2010. Acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides from the purple roots of red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) ‘Benikanmi .Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 79(1): 103-107.
Ullah, M.Z.; Hasan, M.J.; Rahman, A.H.M.A. & Saki, A.I. 2010. Genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The Agriculturists 8(2): 22-27.
Whiting, D.; Wilson, C. & Omeara, C. 2005. Mulches for the vegetable garden. CSU. Cooperative extension- Horticulture. Colorado State University Cooperative Extension.
Yamane, K.; Lu, N. & Ohnishi, O. 2009. Multiple origins and high genetic diversity of cultivated radish inferred from polymorphism in chloroplast simple sequence repeats. Breeding Science 59: 55-65.
Yong, P. 2020. Effects of different colored film mulches on the growth and bolting time of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae 266: 109271.
Zaki, H.E.M.; Takahata, Y. & Yokoi, S. 2012. Analysis of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of roots in three radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars that differ in root shape. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 87(2): 172-178.
Allard, R.W. 1960. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Willey and Sons. Inc. New York. 485 p.
Al-Masoum, A.; Saghir, A.R. & Itami, S. 1993. Soil Colorization for Weed Management in U.A.E. Emirates Journal of Agriculture Sciences 7: 507-510.
Al-Masoum, A.A.R. 1996. The role of mulches in vegetable production in dry areas. Emirates Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8: 1-24.
Bhardwaj, R.L. & Sarolia, D.K. 2012. Effect of mulching on crop production under rain fed condition: A review. Agricultural Reviews 2(2): 8-20.
Central Statistical Organization. 2019. Crop and vegetable production. Agricultural Statistics Directorate- Planning Commission- Cabinet Republic of Iraq.
Chandel, K.S.; Pokharel T.R.; Chauhan, A.; Sharma, J.K. & Kataria, R.K. 2015. Genetic variability in biparental progenies of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research 41(1): 142-145.
Chapagain, T.R.; Piya, S.; Dangal, N.B.; Mandal, J.L. & Chaudhary, B.P. 2010. Comparisons of commercial and local varieties of radish at different level of manures and fertilizers. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11: 51-56.
Dilbag, S. & Singh, R. 2012. Path coefficient analysis for seedling vigour in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes. Hort. Flora Research Spectrum 1(4): 339-343.
Dongarwar, L.N.; Kashiwar, S.R.; Ghawade, S.M. & Dongarwar, U.R. 2018. Varietal performance of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) varieties in black soils of vidharbha-maharashtra, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(1): 491-501.
Ham, J.M.; Kluiteberg, G.J. & Lamont, W.J. 1993. Optical properties of plastic mulches affect the field temperature regime. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118: 188-193.
Jabal, S.A.; Yuse, A. & Ghada, A. 2015. Study of variance and phenotypic correlation coefficient between yield and some of its components in different models of local radish. Damascus University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31(1): 121-130.
Jensen, M. 1988. The achievements on the use of plastic in agriculture. In International seminar on the utilization of the plastics in agriculture. Food & Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region & Rural Development Administration of Korea (pp. 1-17).
Jerffson, L.S.; Fernandes, C.A.F. & Oliveira, L.S. 2016. Use of mulches and their effects on the radish crop. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental 2(11): 955-959.
Kazi, S.I. 2016. Growth, yield and economic benefits of radish as influenced by manures and mulching. A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Horticulture, her-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science (MS) in horticulture. 110 p.
Kopta, T. & Pokluda, R. 2013. Yields, quality and nutritional parameters of radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars when grown organically in the Czech Republic. Horticultural Science 40(1): 16-21.
Kumar, R.; Sharma, R.; Gupta, R.K. & Singh, M. 2012. Determination of genetic variability and divergence for root yield and quality characters in temperate radishes. International Journal of Vegetable Science 18(4): 307-318.
Lush, J.L. 1943. Animals breeding plants. Iowa State Collage Press, Ames lowa. 437 p.
Mallikarjunarao, K.; Singh, P.K.; Vaidya, A.; Pradhan, R. & Das, R.K. 2015. Genetic variability and selection parameters for different genotypes of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under Kashmir valley. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 21(4): 361-364.
Mapari, A.V. & Peshattiwar, P.D. 2010. Correlation and path analysis studies in radish. The Asian Journal of Horticulture 4(2): 285- 288.
Mukhdoomi, M.I.; Din, G.; Ahmed, N.; Hussain, K. & Gazala, N. 2007. Genetic variability and selection parameters for yield attributes in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Asian Journal of Horticulture 2(2): 141- 143.
Poudel, K.; Karki, S.; Sah, M.K. & Mandal, J.L. 2018. Evaluation of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) genotypes in Eastern mid-hills condition of Nepal. World News of Natural Sciences 19: 155-159.
Rajput, R.N. & Pal, A.K. 2014. Correlation and path analysis studies in radish grown under partial shade. Annals of Plant and Soil Research 16(2): 131-134.
SAS 1996. Statistical Analysis Syste. SAS Institute. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
Semba, S.; Rana, R.; Haibam, T-Y. & Ramjan, M.D. 2019. Performance of Different Radish Varieties under Foothill Region Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8(7): 869-877.
Singh, B.K.; Koley, T.K.; Karmakar, P.; Tripathi, A.; Singh, B. & Singh, M. 2017. Pigmented radish (Raphanus sativus): Genetic variability, heritability and inter-relationships of total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 87(12): 1600-1606.
Steel, R.G.D. & Torrie, J. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd, Mc Graw-Hill, Book, Co. In (C.) London. 560 p.
Tatsuzawa, F.; Saito, N.; Toki, K.; Shinoda, K.; Shigihara, A. & Honda, T. 2010. Acylated cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides from the purple roots of red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) ‘Benikanmi .Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 79(1): 103-107.
Ullah, M.Z.; Hasan, M.J.; Rahman, A.H.M.A. & Saki, A.I. 2010. Genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The Agriculturists 8(2): 22-27.
Whiting, D.; Wilson, C. & Omeara, C. 2005. Mulches for the vegetable garden. CSU. Cooperative extension- Horticulture. Colorado State University Cooperative Extension.
Yamane, K.; Lu, N. & Ohnishi, O. 2009. Multiple origins and high genetic diversity of cultivated radish inferred from polymorphism in chloroplast simple sequence repeats. Breeding Science 59: 55-65.
Yong, P. 2020. Effects of different colored film mulches on the growth and bolting time of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae 266: 109271.
Zaki, H.E.M.; Takahata, Y. & Yokoi, S. 2012. Analysis of the morphological and anatomical characteristics of roots in three radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars that differ in root shape. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 87(2): 172-178.