Main Article Content
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that has a unique feature as it is considered the only vitamin that is synthesized in the body. Gene polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (FokI-rs2228570) gene has been proposed as the major cause of anemia. The goal of this research was to examine the link between vitamin D insufficiency and the gene polymorphism for vitamin D receptors in anemic patients. A case-control study including 120 men anemic patients without any kidney disorders have been compared with 60 healthy men as a control. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) FokI- rs2228570 was detected by PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques. Serum vitamin D, erythropoietin levels, and some biochemical parameters were measured by ELISA. The mutant homozygous genotype ff was more frequent in anemic patients (45%) than control (15%). Also, the f allele frequency was a common allele in the patients (0.62%) with a significant decrement of vitamin D and hemoglobin levels, i.e. the presence of mutant allele represents the risk factor for developing anemia compared with genetic patterns FF and Ff. The genetic frequencies also affect vitamin D conditions as indicated by low levels in mutant patterns (Ff, ff) in which the patients suffer from severe anemia.
Keywords
Article Details
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
References
-
Alimirah, F.; Peng, X.; Murillo, G. & Mehta, R.G. 2011. Functional significance of vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism in human breast cancer cells. PloS one 6(1): e16024.
Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.; Dietrich, T.; Orav E.J. & Dawson-Hughes, B. 2004. Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. The American Journal of Medicine 116: 634-639.
Deng, H.W.; Shen, H. & Xu, F.H. 2002. Tests of linkage and/or association of genes for vitamin D receptor, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone with bone mineral density. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 17: 678-686.
Dimitriadou, M.; Christoforidis, A.; Fidani, L.; Economou, M.; Perifanis, V.; Tsatra, L.; Katzos, G. & Metaxa, M. 2011. FokI gene polymorphism of Vitamin D receptor in patients with beta-thalassemia major and its effect on vitamin D status. Hematology 16(1): 54-58.
El-Edel, R.H.; Mostafa, M.S.; Montaser, B.A. & Ali, Y.A.E.H. 2017. Study of Apa-I vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Menoufia Medical Journal 30(2): 619.
Israa, H.I.; Zaidan, H.K.; Al-Ameri Q.M.A.; Mufeed J.E. & Al-Saadi, A.H. 2012. The prevalence of Microalbuminuria in type2 diabetes mellitus patients in Al-Hussain Hospital in Karbala Province-Iraq. Research in Biotechnology 3(2): 11.
Kersey, M.; Chi, M. & Cutts, D.B. 2011. Anaemia, lead poisoning and vitamin D deficiency in low-income children: do current screening recommendations match the burden of illness? Public Health Nutrition 14(8): 1424-1428.
Lee, P. 2011. Vitamin D, metabolism and deficiency in critical illness, best practice and research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 25: 769-781.
Maysaa, A.H.; Zaidan, H.K. & Al-Saadi, A.H. 2016. Histopathological Changes of Pancreatic Tissues in Hyperglycemic Male Rats Treated with Mixture of Plants Extracts. International Journal of Chemical Technology Research 9(06): 501-5013.
McLean, E.; Cogswell, M.; Egli, I.; Wojdyla, D. & de Benoist, B. 2009. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutrition 12(4): 444-454.
Meier, C.; Woitge, H.W.; Witte, K.; Lemmer, B. & Seibel, M.J. 2004. Supplementation with oral vitamin D3 and calcium during winter prevents seasonal bone loss: a randomized controlled open-label prospective trail. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19:1221-1230.
Mishra, D.K.; Wu, Y.; Sarkissyan, M.; Sarkissyan, S. & Chen, Z. 2013. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and prognosis of breast cancer among Africa-American and Hispanic women. PLoS One 8(3): e57967.
Mohsen, I.H.; Zaidan, H.K. & Al-Saadi, A.H. 2013. Association of miR-499 gene polymorphism with some hormones in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Care 36: 1413-1421.
Palomer, X.; Gonzalez-Clemente, J.M.; Blanco-Vaca, F. & Mauricio, D. 2008. Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 10: 185-197.
Sim, J.J.; Lac, P.T.; Liu, I.L.; Meguerditchian, S.O.; Kumar, V.A.; Kujubu, D.A. & Rasgon S.A. 2010 Vitamin D deficiency and anemia. Annals of Hematology 89(5): 447-452.
Singh, K.; Kumar, R.; Shukla, A.; Phadke, S.R. & Agarwal, S. 2012. Status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and effect of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density in thalassemia patients of North India. Hematology 17(5): 291-296.
Swamy, N.; Xu, W.; Paz, N.; Hsieh, J.C.; Haussler, M.R.; Maalouf, G.J.; Mohr, S.C. & Ray, R. 2000. Molecular modeling, affinity labeling, and site-directed mutagenesis define the key points of interaction between the ligand-binding domain of the vitamin D nuclear receptor and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochemistry 39(40): 12162-12171.
Tian, J.; Liu, Y.; Williams, L.A. & de Zeeuw, D. 2007. Potential role of active vitamin D in retarding the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 22: 321-328.
Wang, Y.Z.; Zhu, Z.; Zhang, H.Y.; Zhu, M.Z.; Xu, X.; Chen, C.H. & Liu, L.G. 2014. Detection of hepatitis B virus A1762T/G1764A mutant by amplification refractory mutation system. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 18(3): 261-265.
Weiss, G. & Goodnough, L.T. 2005. Anemia of chronic disease. New England Journal of Medicine 352(10): 1011-1023.
Zaidan, H.K. & Mohammed, A.H. 2014. Glucagon like peptide-1 and C peptide level and their relationship with some physiological and biochemical variables of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 2 patient. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 8: 1-10.
Zaidan, H.K.; Tahrear, M.N.; Amira, K.M.; Al-Saadi, A.H.; Moshtak Abdul-Adheem Wtwt, M.A.A. & Zena, H.K. 2015. The Metabolic Syndrome and Disturbances in Sex Hormones Levels in both gender. Advances in Life Science and Technology 34: 110-116.
References
Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.; Dietrich, T.; Orav E.J. & Dawson-Hughes, B. 2004. Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. The American Journal of Medicine 116: 634-639.
Deng, H.W.; Shen, H. & Xu, F.H. 2002. Tests of linkage and/or association of genes for vitamin D receptor, osteocalcin, and parathyroid hormone with bone mineral density. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 17: 678-686.
Dimitriadou, M.; Christoforidis, A.; Fidani, L.; Economou, M.; Perifanis, V.; Tsatra, L.; Katzos, G. & Metaxa, M. 2011. FokI gene polymorphism of Vitamin D receptor in patients with beta-thalassemia major and its effect on vitamin D status. Hematology 16(1): 54-58.
El-Edel, R.H.; Mostafa, M.S.; Montaser, B.A. & Ali, Y.A.E.H. 2017. Study of Apa-I vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Menoufia Medical Journal 30(2): 619.
Israa, H.I.; Zaidan, H.K.; Al-Ameri Q.M.A.; Mufeed J.E. & Al-Saadi, A.H. 2012. The prevalence of Microalbuminuria in type2 diabetes mellitus patients in Al-Hussain Hospital in Karbala Province-Iraq. Research in Biotechnology 3(2): 11.
Kersey, M.; Chi, M. & Cutts, D.B. 2011. Anaemia, lead poisoning and vitamin D deficiency in low-income children: do current screening recommendations match the burden of illness? Public Health Nutrition 14(8): 1424-1428.
Lee, P. 2011. Vitamin D, metabolism and deficiency in critical illness, best practice and research. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 25: 769-781.
Maysaa, A.H.; Zaidan, H.K. & Al-Saadi, A.H. 2016. Histopathological Changes of Pancreatic Tissues in Hyperglycemic Male Rats Treated with Mixture of Plants Extracts. International Journal of Chemical Technology Research 9(06): 501-5013.
McLean, E.; Cogswell, M.; Egli, I.; Wojdyla, D. & de Benoist, B. 2009. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993-2005. Public Health Nutrition 12(4): 444-454.
Meier, C.; Woitge, H.W.; Witte, K.; Lemmer, B. & Seibel, M.J. 2004. Supplementation with oral vitamin D3 and calcium during winter prevents seasonal bone loss: a randomized controlled open-label prospective trail. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 19:1221-1230.
Mishra, D.K.; Wu, Y.; Sarkissyan, M.; Sarkissyan, S. & Chen, Z. 2013. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and prognosis of breast cancer among Africa-American and Hispanic women. PLoS One 8(3): e57967.
Mohsen, I.H.; Zaidan, H.K. & Al-Saadi, A.H. 2013. Association of miR-499 gene polymorphism with some hormones in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes Care 36: 1413-1421.
Palomer, X.; Gonzalez-Clemente, J.M.; Blanco-Vaca, F. & Mauricio, D. 2008. Role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 10: 185-197.
Sim, J.J.; Lac, P.T.; Liu, I.L.; Meguerditchian, S.O.; Kumar, V.A.; Kujubu, D.A. & Rasgon S.A. 2010 Vitamin D deficiency and anemia. Annals of Hematology 89(5): 447-452.
Singh, K.; Kumar, R.; Shukla, A.; Phadke, S.R. & Agarwal, S. 2012. Status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and effect of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density in thalassemia patients of North India. Hematology 17(5): 291-296.
Swamy, N.; Xu, W.; Paz, N.; Hsieh, J.C.; Haussler, M.R.; Maalouf, G.J.; Mohr, S.C. & Ray, R. 2000. Molecular modeling, affinity labeling, and site-directed mutagenesis define the key points of interaction between the ligand-binding domain of the vitamin D nuclear receptor and 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Biochemistry 39(40): 12162-12171.
Tian, J.; Liu, Y.; Williams, L.A. & de Zeeuw, D. 2007. Potential role of active vitamin D in retarding the progression of chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 22: 321-328.
Wang, Y.Z.; Zhu, Z.; Zhang, H.Y.; Zhu, M.Z.; Xu, X.; Chen, C.H. & Liu, L.G. 2014. Detection of hepatitis B virus A1762T/G1764A mutant by amplification refractory mutation system. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 18(3): 261-265.
Weiss, G. & Goodnough, L.T. 2005. Anemia of chronic disease. New England Journal of Medicine 352(10): 1011-1023.
Zaidan, H.K. & Mohammed, A.H. 2014. Glucagon like peptide-1 and C peptide level and their relationship with some physiological and biochemical variables of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 2 patient. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 8: 1-10.
Zaidan, H.K.; Tahrear, M.N.; Amira, K.M.; Al-Saadi, A.H.; Moshtak Abdul-Adheem Wtwt, M.A.A. & Zena, H.K. 2015. The Metabolic Syndrome and Disturbances in Sex Hormones Levels in both gender. Advances in Life Science and Technology 34: 110-116.