Main Article Content
Abstract
Underwater Visual Census (UVC) and Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) are broadly used methods to study fish assemblages in marine and estuarine environments. This study compared the results of BRUV and UVC methods for assessing seasonal trends in coral reef fish assemblages in a marginal reef in the northern Persian Gulf. In doing so, seasonal surveys of coral reef fishes were done using BRUV and UVC methods. Comparison of assemblage metrics driven from each method indicated that both methods may reveal similar patterns of seasonal changes in fish and trophic group assemblages while there may be between-method differences in species richness, total abundance, and trophic group abundances. The observed differences may be related to the longer sampling times of BRUV.
Keywords
Fish abundance
Temporal variation
SCUBA diving
Video
Animal bait.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
GHAZILOU, A., SHOKRI, M. reza, & GLADSTONE, W. (2019). Comparison of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) and underwater visual census (UVC) for assessment of reef fish in a marginal reef in the northern Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 6(3), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v6i3.353
References
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Anderson, M.J. 2001. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26: 32-46.
Andradi-Brown, D.A.; Macaya-Solis, C.; Exton, D.A.; Gress, E.; Wright, G. & Rogers, A.D. 2016. Assessing Caribbean Shallow and Mesophotic Reef Fish Communities Using Baited-Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and Diver-Operated Video (DOV) Survey Techniques. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168235.
Bosch, N.E.; Gonçalves, J.M.S.; Tuya, F. & Erzini, K. 2017. Marinas as habitats for nearshore fish assemblages: comparative analysis of underwater visual census, baited cameras and fish traps. Scientia Marina 81(2): 159-169.
Brooks, E.J.; Sloman, K.A.; Sims, D.W. & Danylchuk, A.J. 2011. Validating the use of baited remote underwater video surveys for assessing the diversity, distribution and abundance of sharks in the Bahamas. Endangered Species Research 13: 231-243.
Cappo, M. 2010. Development of a baited video technique and spatial models to explain patterns of fish biodiversity in inter-reef waters. PhD thesis. James Cook University.
Cappo, M.; Harvey, E.; Malcolm, H. & Speare, P. 2003. Potential of video techniques to monitor diversity, abundance and size of fish in studies of marine protected areas. In: proceedings of the World Congress on Aquatic Protected Areas, August 2002. pp. 455-464.
Cappo, M.; Harvey, E. & Shortis, M. 2007. Counting and measuring fish with baited video techniques-an overview. In: Proceedings of the Australian Society for Fish Biology Workshop, August 2007. pp. 101-114.
Casper, B.M.; Lobel, P.S. & Yan, H.Y. 2003. The Hearing Sensitivity of the Little Skate, Raja erinacea: A Comparison of Two Methods. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68: 371-379.
Colton, M.A. 2011. Patterns in the distribution and abundance of reef fishes in South Eastern Australia. PhD thesis. The University of Melbourne.
Colton, M.A. & Swearer, S.E. 2010. A comparison of two survey methods: differences between underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400: 19-36.
Dean, C.B. & Lundy, E.R. 2016. Overdispersion. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. Wiley, USA.
Donaldson, T.J. 1988. Social Organization, Reproductive Behavior, and Zoogeography of Some Indo-Pacific Hawkfishes (Cirrhitidae). PhD thesis. Louisiana State University.
Ghazilou, A.; Shokri, M.R. & Gladstone, W. 2016. Animal v. plant-based bait: does the bait type affect census of fish assemblages and trophic groups by baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems? Journal of Fish Biology 88: 1731-1745.
Gilby, B.L.; Olds, A.D.; Yabsley, N.A.; Connolly, R.M.; Maxwell, P.S. & Schlacher, T.A. 2017. Enhancing the performance of marine reserves in estuaries: Just add water. Biological Conservation 210: 1-7.
Halpern, B.S. 2003. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Applications 13: 117-137.
Heenan, A.; Williams, I.D.; Acoba, T.; DesRochers, A.; Kosaki, R.K.; Kanemura, T.; Nadon, M.O. & Brainard, R.E. 2017. Long-term monitoring of coral reef fish assemblages in the Western central pacific. Scientific Data 4: 170176.
Harasti, D.; Davis, T.R.; Jordan, A.; Erskine, L. & Moltschaniwskyj, N. 2019. Illegal recreational fishing causes a decline in a fishery targeted species (Snapper: Chrysophrys auratus) within a remote no-take marine protected area. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209926
Jabado, R.W.; Al Hameli, S.M.; Grandcourt, E.M. & Al Dhaheri, S.S. 2018. Low abundance of sharks and rays in baited remote underwater video surveys in the Persian Gulf. Scientific Reports 8: 15597.
Kiggins, R.S.; Knott, N.A. & Davis, A.R. 2018. Miniature baited remote underwater video (mini-BRUV) reveals the response of cryptic fishes to seagrass cover. Environmental Biology of Fishes 101: 1717-1722.
Kim, B.S. & Margolin, B.H. 1992. Testing Goodness of Fit of a Multinomial Model Against Overdispersed Alternatives. Biometrics 48: 711-719.
Langlois, T.; Chabanet, P.; Pelletier, D. & Harvey, E. 2006. Baited underwater video for assessing reef fish populations in marine reserves. Fisheries Newsletter-South Pacific Commission 118: 53.
Langlois,T.; Williams, J.; Monk, J.; Bouchet, P.; Currey, L.; Goetze, J.; Harasti, D.; Huveneers. C.; lerodiaconou, D.; Malcolm, H. & Whitmarsh, S. (2018) Marine sampling field manual for benthic stereo BRUVS (Baited Remote Underwater Videos). In: Field Manuals for Marine Sampling to Monitor Australian Waters, Version 1. (eds Przeslawski, R. and Foster, S.). Canberra, Australia, NESP Marine Biodiversity Hub. pp. 82-104
Lowry, M.; Folpp, H.; Gregson, M. & Suthers, I. 2012. Comparison of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) and underwater visual census (UVC) for assessment of artificial reefs in estuaries. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 416-417: 243-253.
Malcolm, H.A.; Gladstone, W.; Lindfield, S.; Wraith, J. & Lynch, T.P. 2007. Spatial and temporal variation in reef fish assemblages of marine parks in New South Wales. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350: 277-290.
Ochwada-Doyle, F.A.; Johnson, D.D. & Lowry, M. 2016. Comparing the utility of fishery-independent and fishery-dependent methods in assessing the relative abundance of estuarine fish species in partial protection areas. Fisheries Management and Ecology 23(5): 390-406.
Pais, M.P. & Cabral H.N. 2017. Fish behaviour effects on the accuracy and precision of underwater visual census surveys. A virtual ecologist approach using an individual-based model. Ecological Modelling 346: 58-69.
Robinson, J.P.W.; Williams, I.D.; Edwards, A.M.; McPherson, J.; Yeager, L.; Vigliola, L.; Brainard, R.E. & Baum, J.K. 2017. Fishing degrades size structure of coral reef fish communities. Global Change Biology 23(3): 1009-1022.
Ruppert, J.L.W.; Vigliola, L.; Kulbicki, M.; Labrosse, P.; Fortin, M.J. & Meekan, M.G. 2018. Human activities as a driver of spatial variation in the trophic structure of fish communities on Pacific coral reefs. Global Change Biology 24(1): e67-e79.
Sih, T.L.; Cappo, M. & Kingsford M. 2017. Deep-reef fish assemblages of the Great Barrier Reef shelf-break (Australia). Scientific Reports 7(1): 10886.
Stobart, B.; García-Charton, J.A.; Espejo, C.; Rochel, E.; Goñi, R.; Reñones, O.; Herrero, A.; Crec'hriou, R.; Polti, S.; Marcos, C.; Planes, S. & Pérez-Ruzafa, A. 2007. A baited underwater video technique to assess shallow-water Mediterranean fish assemblages: Methodological evaluation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 345: 158-174.
Terres, M.A.; Lawrence, E.; Hosack, G.R.; Haywood, M.D.E. & Babcock, R.C. 2015. Assessing Habitat Use by Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) from Baited Underwater Video Data in a Coastal Marine Park. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0136799.
Watson, D.L.; Harvey, E.S.; Anderson, M.J. & Kendrick, G.A. 2005. A comparison of temperate reef fish assemblages recorded by three underwater stereo-video techniques. Marine Biology 148: 415-425.
Westera, M.; Lavery, P. & Hyndes, G. 2003. Differences in recreationally targeted fishes between protected and fished areas of a coral reef marine park. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 294: 145-168.
Willis, T.J. & Babcock, R.C. 2000. A baited underwater video system for the determination of relative density of carnivorous reef fish. Marine and Freshwater Research 51: 755-763.
Willis, T.J.; Millar, R.B. & Babcock, R.C. 2000. Detection of spatial variability in relative density of fishes: comparison of visual census, angling, and baited underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 198: 249-260.
Willis, T.J.; Millar, R.B. & Babcock, R.C. 2003. Protection of exploited fish in temperate regions: high density and biomass of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) in northern New Zealand marine reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 214-227.
Wraith, J.; Lynch, T.; Minchinton, T.E.; Broad, A. & Davis, A.R.. 2013. Bait type affects fish assemblages and feeding guilds observed at baited remote underwater video stations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 477: 189-199.
References
Anderson, M.J. 2001. A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology 26: 32-46.
Andradi-Brown, D.A.; Macaya-Solis, C.; Exton, D.A.; Gress, E.; Wright, G. & Rogers, A.D. 2016. Assessing Caribbean Shallow and Mesophotic Reef Fish Communities Using Baited-Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and Diver-Operated Video (DOV) Survey Techniques. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168235.
Bosch, N.E.; Gonçalves, J.M.S.; Tuya, F. & Erzini, K. 2017. Marinas as habitats for nearshore fish assemblages: comparative analysis of underwater visual census, baited cameras and fish traps. Scientia Marina 81(2): 159-169.
Brooks, E.J.; Sloman, K.A.; Sims, D.W. & Danylchuk, A.J. 2011. Validating the use of baited remote underwater video surveys for assessing the diversity, distribution and abundance of sharks in the Bahamas. Endangered Species Research 13: 231-243.
Cappo, M. 2010. Development of a baited video technique and spatial models to explain patterns of fish biodiversity in inter-reef waters. PhD thesis. James Cook University.
Cappo, M.; Harvey, E.; Malcolm, H. & Speare, P. 2003. Potential of video techniques to monitor diversity, abundance and size of fish in studies of marine protected areas. In: proceedings of the World Congress on Aquatic Protected Areas, August 2002. pp. 455-464.
Cappo, M.; Harvey, E. & Shortis, M. 2007. Counting and measuring fish with baited video techniques-an overview. In: Proceedings of the Australian Society for Fish Biology Workshop, August 2007. pp. 101-114.
Casper, B.M.; Lobel, P.S. & Yan, H.Y. 2003. The Hearing Sensitivity of the Little Skate, Raja erinacea: A Comparison of Two Methods. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68: 371-379.
Colton, M.A. 2011. Patterns in the distribution and abundance of reef fishes in South Eastern Australia. PhD thesis. The University of Melbourne.
Colton, M.A. & Swearer, S.E. 2010. A comparison of two survey methods: differences between underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400: 19-36.
Dean, C.B. & Lundy, E.R. 2016. Overdispersion. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. Wiley, USA.
Donaldson, T.J. 1988. Social Organization, Reproductive Behavior, and Zoogeography of Some Indo-Pacific Hawkfishes (Cirrhitidae). PhD thesis. Louisiana State University.
Ghazilou, A.; Shokri, M.R. & Gladstone, W. 2016. Animal v. plant-based bait: does the bait type affect census of fish assemblages and trophic groups by baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems? Journal of Fish Biology 88: 1731-1745.
Gilby, B.L.; Olds, A.D.; Yabsley, N.A.; Connolly, R.M.; Maxwell, P.S. & Schlacher, T.A. 2017. Enhancing the performance of marine reserves in estuaries: Just add water. Biological Conservation 210: 1-7.
Halpern, B.S. 2003. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Applications 13: 117-137.
Heenan, A.; Williams, I.D.; Acoba, T.; DesRochers, A.; Kosaki, R.K.; Kanemura, T.; Nadon, M.O. & Brainard, R.E. 2017. Long-term monitoring of coral reef fish assemblages in the Western central pacific. Scientific Data 4: 170176.
Harasti, D.; Davis, T.R.; Jordan, A.; Erskine, L. & Moltschaniwskyj, N. 2019. Illegal recreational fishing causes a decline in a fishery targeted species (Snapper: Chrysophrys auratus) within a remote no-take marine protected area. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209926
Jabado, R.W.; Al Hameli, S.M.; Grandcourt, E.M. & Al Dhaheri, S.S. 2018. Low abundance of sharks and rays in baited remote underwater video surveys in the Persian Gulf. Scientific Reports 8: 15597.
Kiggins, R.S.; Knott, N.A. & Davis, A.R. 2018. Miniature baited remote underwater video (mini-BRUV) reveals the response of cryptic fishes to seagrass cover. Environmental Biology of Fishes 101: 1717-1722.
Kim, B.S. & Margolin, B.H. 1992. Testing Goodness of Fit of a Multinomial Model Against Overdispersed Alternatives. Biometrics 48: 711-719.
Langlois, T.; Chabanet, P.; Pelletier, D. & Harvey, E. 2006. Baited underwater video for assessing reef fish populations in marine reserves. Fisheries Newsletter-South Pacific Commission 118: 53.
Langlois,T.; Williams, J.; Monk, J.; Bouchet, P.; Currey, L.; Goetze, J.; Harasti, D.; Huveneers. C.; lerodiaconou, D.; Malcolm, H. & Whitmarsh, S. (2018) Marine sampling field manual for benthic stereo BRUVS (Baited Remote Underwater Videos). In: Field Manuals for Marine Sampling to Monitor Australian Waters, Version 1. (eds Przeslawski, R. and Foster, S.). Canberra, Australia, NESP Marine Biodiversity Hub. pp. 82-104
Lowry, M.; Folpp, H.; Gregson, M. & Suthers, I. 2012. Comparison of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) and underwater visual census (UVC) for assessment of artificial reefs in estuaries. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 416-417: 243-253.
Malcolm, H.A.; Gladstone, W.; Lindfield, S.; Wraith, J. & Lynch, T.P. 2007. Spatial and temporal variation in reef fish assemblages of marine parks in New South Wales. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350: 277-290.
Ochwada-Doyle, F.A.; Johnson, D.D. & Lowry, M. 2016. Comparing the utility of fishery-independent and fishery-dependent methods in assessing the relative abundance of estuarine fish species in partial protection areas. Fisheries Management and Ecology 23(5): 390-406.
Pais, M.P. & Cabral H.N. 2017. Fish behaviour effects on the accuracy and precision of underwater visual census surveys. A virtual ecologist approach using an individual-based model. Ecological Modelling 346: 58-69.
Robinson, J.P.W.; Williams, I.D.; Edwards, A.M.; McPherson, J.; Yeager, L.; Vigliola, L.; Brainard, R.E. & Baum, J.K. 2017. Fishing degrades size structure of coral reef fish communities. Global Change Biology 23(3): 1009-1022.
Ruppert, J.L.W.; Vigliola, L.; Kulbicki, M.; Labrosse, P.; Fortin, M.J. & Meekan, M.G. 2018. Human activities as a driver of spatial variation in the trophic structure of fish communities on Pacific coral reefs. Global Change Biology 24(1): e67-e79.
Sih, T.L.; Cappo, M. & Kingsford M. 2017. Deep-reef fish assemblages of the Great Barrier Reef shelf-break (Australia). Scientific Reports 7(1): 10886.
Stobart, B.; García-Charton, J.A.; Espejo, C.; Rochel, E.; Goñi, R.; Reñones, O.; Herrero, A.; Crec'hriou, R.; Polti, S.; Marcos, C.; Planes, S. & Pérez-Ruzafa, A. 2007. A baited underwater video technique to assess shallow-water Mediterranean fish assemblages: Methodological evaluation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 345: 158-174.
Terres, M.A.; Lawrence, E.; Hosack, G.R.; Haywood, M.D.E. & Babcock, R.C. 2015. Assessing Habitat Use by Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) from Baited Underwater Video Data in a Coastal Marine Park. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0136799.
Watson, D.L.; Harvey, E.S.; Anderson, M.J. & Kendrick, G.A. 2005. A comparison of temperate reef fish assemblages recorded by three underwater stereo-video techniques. Marine Biology 148: 415-425.
Westera, M.; Lavery, P. & Hyndes, G. 2003. Differences in recreationally targeted fishes between protected and fished areas of a coral reef marine park. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 294: 145-168.
Willis, T.J. & Babcock, R.C. 2000. A baited underwater video system for the determination of relative density of carnivorous reef fish. Marine and Freshwater Research 51: 755-763.
Willis, T.J.; Millar, R.B. & Babcock, R.C. 2000. Detection of spatial variability in relative density of fishes: comparison of visual census, angling, and baited underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 198: 249-260.
Willis, T.J.; Millar, R.B. & Babcock, R.C. 2003. Protection of exploited fish in temperate regions: high density and biomass of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) in northern New Zealand marine reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 214-227.
Wraith, J.; Lynch, T.; Minchinton, T.E.; Broad, A. & Davis, A.R.. 2013. Bait type affects fish assemblages and feeding guilds observed at baited remote underwater video stations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 477: 189-199.
Andradi-Brown, D.A.; Macaya-Solis, C.; Exton, D.A.; Gress, E.; Wright, G. & Rogers, A.D. 2016. Assessing Caribbean Shallow and Mesophotic Reef Fish Communities Using Baited-Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and Diver-Operated Video (DOV) Survey Techniques. PLoS ONE 11(12): e0168235.
Bosch, N.E.; Gonçalves, J.M.S.; Tuya, F. & Erzini, K. 2017. Marinas as habitats for nearshore fish assemblages: comparative analysis of underwater visual census, baited cameras and fish traps. Scientia Marina 81(2): 159-169.
Brooks, E.J.; Sloman, K.A.; Sims, D.W. & Danylchuk, A.J. 2011. Validating the use of baited remote underwater video surveys for assessing the diversity, distribution and abundance of sharks in the Bahamas. Endangered Species Research 13: 231-243.
Cappo, M. 2010. Development of a baited video technique and spatial models to explain patterns of fish biodiversity in inter-reef waters. PhD thesis. James Cook University.
Cappo, M.; Harvey, E.; Malcolm, H. & Speare, P. 2003. Potential of video techniques to monitor diversity, abundance and size of fish in studies of marine protected areas. In: proceedings of the World Congress on Aquatic Protected Areas, August 2002. pp. 455-464.
Cappo, M.; Harvey, E. & Shortis, M. 2007. Counting and measuring fish with baited video techniques-an overview. In: Proceedings of the Australian Society for Fish Biology Workshop, August 2007. pp. 101-114.
Casper, B.M.; Lobel, P.S. & Yan, H.Y. 2003. The Hearing Sensitivity of the Little Skate, Raja erinacea: A Comparison of Two Methods. Environmental Biology of Fishes 68: 371-379.
Colton, M.A. 2011. Patterns in the distribution and abundance of reef fishes in South Eastern Australia. PhD thesis. The University of Melbourne.
Colton, M.A. & Swearer, S.E. 2010. A comparison of two survey methods: differences between underwater visual census and baited remote underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 400: 19-36.
Dean, C.B. & Lundy, E.R. 2016. Overdispersion. Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online. Wiley, USA.
Donaldson, T.J. 1988. Social Organization, Reproductive Behavior, and Zoogeography of Some Indo-Pacific Hawkfishes (Cirrhitidae). PhD thesis. Louisiana State University.
Ghazilou, A.; Shokri, M.R. & Gladstone, W. 2016. Animal v. plant-based bait: does the bait type affect census of fish assemblages and trophic groups by baited remote underwater video (BRUV) systems? Journal of Fish Biology 88: 1731-1745.
Gilby, B.L.; Olds, A.D.; Yabsley, N.A.; Connolly, R.M.; Maxwell, P.S. & Schlacher, T.A. 2017. Enhancing the performance of marine reserves in estuaries: Just add water. Biological Conservation 210: 1-7.
Halpern, B.S. 2003. The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Applications 13: 117-137.
Heenan, A.; Williams, I.D.; Acoba, T.; DesRochers, A.; Kosaki, R.K.; Kanemura, T.; Nadon, M.O. & Brainard, R.E. 2017. Long-term monitoring of coral reef fish assemblages in the Western central pacific. Scientific Data 4: 170176.
Harasti, D.; Davis, T.R.; Jordan, A.; Erskine, L. & Moltschaniwskyj, N. 2019. Illegal recreational fishing causes a decline in a fishery targeted species (Snapper: Chrysophrys auratus) within a remote no-take marine protected area. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209926
Jabado, R.W.; Al Hameli, S.M.; Grandcourt, E.M. & Al Dhaheri, S.S. 2018. Low abundance of sharks and rays in baited remote underwater video surveys in the Persian Gulf. Scientific Reports 8: 15597.
Kiggins, R.S.; Knott, N.A. & Davis, A.R. 2018. Miniature baited remote underwater video (mini-BRUV) reveals the response of cryptic fishes to seagrass cover. Environmental Biology of Fishes 101: 1717-1722.
Kim, B.S. & Margolin, B.H. 1992. Testing Goodness of Fit of a Multinomial Model Against Overdispersed Alternatives. Biometrics 48: 711-719.
Langlois, T.; Chabanet, P.; Pelletier, D. & Harvey, E. 2006. Baited underwater video for assessing reef fish populations in marine reserves. Fisheries Newsletter-South Pacific Commission 118: 53.
Langlois,T.; Williams, J.; Monk, J.; Bouchet, P.; Currey, L.; Goetze, J.; Harasti, D.; Huveneers. C.; lerodiaconou, D.; Malcolm, H. & Whitmarsh, S. (2018) Marine sampling field manual for benthic stereo BRUVS (Baited Remote Underwater Videos). In: Field Manuals for Marine Sampling to Monitor Australian Waters, Version 1. (eds Przeslawski, R. and Foster, S.). Canberra, Australia, NESP Marine Biodiversity Hub. pp. 82-104
Lowry, M.; Folpp, H.; Gregson, M. & Suthers, I. 2012. Comparison of baited remote underwater video (BRUV) and underwater visual census (UVC) for assessment of artificial reefs in estuaries. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 416-417: 243-253.
Malcolm, H.A.; Gladstone, W.; Lindfield, S.; Wraith, J. & Lynch, T.P. 2007. Spatial and temporal variation in reef fish assemblages of marine parks in New South Wales. Marine Ecology Progress Series 350: 277-290.
Ochwada-Doyle, F.A.; Johnson, D.D. & Lowry, M. 2016. Comparing the utility of fishery-independent and fishery-dependent methods in assessing the relative abundance of estuarine fish species in partial protection areas. Fisheries Management and Ecology 23(5): 390-406.
Pais, M.P. & Cabral H.N. 2017. Fish behaviour effects on the accuracy and precision of underwater visual census surveys. A virtual ecologist approach using an individual-based model. Ecological Modelling 346: 58-69.
Robinson, J.P.W.; Williams, I.D.; Edwards, A.M.; McPherson, J.; Yeager, L.; Vigliola, L.; Brainard, R.E. & Baum, J.K. 2017. Fishing degrades size structure of coral reef fish communities. Global Change Biology 23(3): 1009-1022.
Ruppert, J.L.W.; Vigliola, L.; Kulbicki, M.; Labrosse, P.; Fortin, M.J. & Meekan, M.G. 2018. Human activities as a driver of spatial variation in the trophic structure of fish communities on Pacific coral reefs. Global Change Biology 24(1): e67-e79.
Sih, T.L.; Cappo, M. & Kingsford M. 2017. Deep-reef fish assemblages of the Great Barrier Reef shelf-break (Australia). Scientific Reports 7(1): 10886.
Stobart, B.; García-Charton, J.A.; Espejo, C.; Rochel, E.; Goñi, R.; Reñones, O.; Herrero, A.; Crec'hriou, R.; Polti, S.; Marcos, C.; Planes, S. & Pérez-Ruzafa, A. 2007. A baited underwater video technique to assess shallow-water Mediterranean fish assemblages: Methodological evaluation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 345: 158-174.
Terres, M.A.; Lawrence, E.; Hosack, G.R.; Haywood, M.D.E. & Babcock, R.C. 2015. Assessing Habitat Use by Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) from Baited Underwater Video Data in a Coastal Marine Park. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0136799.
Watson, D.L.; Harvey, E.S.; Anderson, M.J. & Kendrick, G.A. 2005. A comparison of temperate reef fish assemblages recorded by three underwater stereo-video techniques. Marine Biology 148: 415-425.
Westera, M.; Lavery, P. & Hyndes, G. 2003. Differences in recreationally targeted fishes between protected and fished areas of a coral reef marine park. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 294: 145-168.
Willis, T.J. & Babcock, R.C. 2000. A baited underwater video system for the determination of relative density of carnivorous reef fish. Marine and Freshwater Research 51: 755-763.
Willis, T.J.; Millar, R.B. & Babcock, R.C. 2000. Detection of spatial variability in relative density of fishes: comparison of visual census, angling, and baited underwater video. Marine Ecology Progress Series 198: 249-260.
Willis, T.J.; Millar, R.B. & Babcock, R.C. 2003. Protection of exploited fish in temperate regions: high density and biomass of snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) in northern New Zealand marine reserves. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 214-227.
Wraith, J.; Lynch, T.; Minchinton, T.E.; Broad, A. & Davis, A.R.. 2013. Bait type affects fish assemblages and feeding guilds observed at baited remote underwater video stations. Marine Ecology Progress Series 477: 189-199.