Main Article Content
Abstract
The osteology of the hyoid and branchial arches in several representatives of eurypterygian fishes were examined. The hyoid arches consist of a single basihyal and urohyal, and the arch on each side consists of a dorsal and a ventral hypohyal, an anterior and posterior ceratohyal, an interhyal, and branchiostegal rays that are borne on the ceratohyals. The branchial arches consist of three single, separate, and ossified basibranchials, and in most taxa the arches on each side consist of three hypobranchials, five ceratobranchials, four epibranchials, four pharyngobranchials, and associated teeth and tooth plates. The fourth pharyngobranchial is absent or reduced in all the studied taxa, but the fourth pharyngeal tooth plate is usually present. Gill rakers and small toothplates are present on the branchial arches of most taxa.
Keywords
Bone
Branchial arch
Eurypterygii
Hyoid arch
Osteology.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
KEIVANY, Y. (2015). Osteology of hyobranchial arches in eurypterygian fishes. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 1(3), 129–151. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v1i3.5
References
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Baldwin, C.C. & Johnson. G.D. 1996. Interrelationships of Aulopiformes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J.; Parenti, R.L & Johnson G.D. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 355-404.
Banister, K.E. 1970. The anatomy and taxonomy of Indostomus paradoxus Prashad & Mukerji. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology). 19: 179-209.
Bowne, P.S. 1985. The systematic position of Gasterosteiformes. PhD thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Bowne, P.S. 1994. Systematics and morphology of the Gasterosteiformes. In Bell, M.A. & Foster, S.A. (eds.), Evolutionary biology of the Threespine Stickleback, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. pp. 28-60.
Britz, R. & Kottelat, M. 2003. Descriptive osteology of the family Chaudhuriidae (Teleostei, Synbranchiformes, Mastacembeloidei), with a discussion of its relationships. American Museum Novitates 1-62.
Collette, B.B. 1966. Belonion, a new genus of freshwater needlefishes from South America. American Museum Novitates (2274): 1-22.
Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp). Accessed October 9, 2014.
Johnson, G.D.; Baldwin, C.C.; Okiyama, M. & Tominaga, Y. 1996. Osteology and relationships of Pseudotrichonotus altivelis (Teleostei: Aulopiformes: Pseudotrichonotidae). Ichthyological Research 43: 17-45.
Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1993. Percomorph phylogeny: A survey of Acanthomorphs and a new proposal. Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 554-626.
Johnson, G.D. & Springer, V.G. 1997. Elassoma: another look, In: Abstracts of the 77th ASIH annual meeting, University of Washington, Seattle. p. 176.
Kanayama, T. 1991. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Agonidae (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes). Memoires of the Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University 38: 1-199.
Keivany, Y. 1996. Taxonomic revision of the genus Pungitius with emphasis on P. hellenicus. MSc. thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 98 pp.
Keivany, Y. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiformes (Teleostei, Percomorpha). PhD. thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 201 pp.
Keivany, Y. 2014a. Comparative osteology of the jaws in representatives of the eurypterygian fishes. Research in Zoology 4(2): 29-42.
Keivany, Y. 2014b. Comparative osteology of the suspensorial and opercular series in representatives of the eurypterygian fishes. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 73-89.
Keivany, Y.; Nelson, J.S. & Economidis, P.S. 1997, Validity of Pungitius hellenicus, a stickleback fish from Greece. Copeia 1997(3): 558-564.
Keivany, Y. & Nelson, J.S. 1998. Comparative osteology of the Greek ninespine stickleback, Pungitius hellenicus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Journal of Ichthyology 38: 430-440.
Keivany, Y. & Nelson, J.S. 2000. Taxonomic review of the genus Pungitius, ninespine sticklebacks (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Cybium 24(2): 107-122.
Kusaka, T. 1974. The Urohyal of Fishes. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. 320 p.
McAllister, D. E. 1968. The evolution of branchiostegals and classification of teleostome fishes. Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada (221): 1-239.
Nelson, G.J. 1969. Gill arches and the phylogeny of fishes, with notes on the classification of vertebrates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 141: 475-552.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the world. Fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA. 601 p.
Olney, J.E.; Johnson, G.D. & Baldwin, C.C. 1993. Phylogeny of Lampridiform fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 137-169.
Orr, J.W. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiform fishes (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). PhD thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. 813 pp.
Parenti, L.R. 1981. A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 168: 335-557.
Parenti, L.R. 1984. On the relationships of Phallostethid fishes (Atherinomorpha), with notes on the anatomy of Phallostethus dunckeri Regan, 1913. American Museum Novitates (2779): 1-12.
Rojo, A.L. 1991. Dictionary of evolutionary fish osteology. CRC Press, London, UK.
Rosen, D.E. 1973. Interrelationships of higher euteleostean fishes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D.E. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 397-513.
Rosen, D.E. & Parenti L.R. 1981. Relationships of Oryzias, and the groups of Atherinomorph fishes. American Museum Novitates (2719): 1-25.
Rosen, D.E. & Patterson, C. 1990. On Mueller's and Cuvier's concepts of pharyngognath and labyrinth fishes and the classification of percomorph fishes, with an atlas of percomorph dorsal gill arches. American Museum Novitates (2983): 1-58.
Rosen, D.E. & Greenwood, P.H. 1976. A fourth neotropical species of synbranchid eel and the phylogeny and systematics of synbranchiform fishes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 157: 1-67.
Rosen, D.E. 1984. Zeiforms as primitive plectog-nath fishes. American Museum Novitates (2782): 1-45.
Stiassny, M.L.J. 1996. Basal ctenosquamate relationships and interrelationships of the myctophiform (Scopelomorph) fishes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D.E. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 405-426.
Takata, Y. & Sasaki, K. 2005. Branchial structures in the Gasterosteiformes, with special reference to myology and phylogenetic implications. Ichthyological Research 52(1): 33-49.
Taylor, W.R. & Van Dyke, G.C. 1985. Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-119.
References
Baldwin, C.C. & Johnson. G.D. 1996. Interrelationships of Aulopiformes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J.; Parenti, R.L & Johnson G.D. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 355-404.
Banister, K.E. 1970. The anatomy and taxonomy of Indostomus paradoxus Prashad & Mukerji. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology). 19: 179-209.
Bowne, P.S. 1985. The systematic position of Gasterosteiformes. PhD thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Bowne, P.S. 1994. Systematics and morphology of the Gasterosteiformes. In Bell, M.A. & Foster, S.A. (eds.), Evolutionary biology of the Threespine Stickleback, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. pp. 28-60.
Britz, R. & Kottelat, M. 2003. Descriptive osteology of the family Chaudhuriidae (Teleostei, Synbranchiformes, Mastacembeloidei), with a discussion of its relationships. American Museum Novitates 1-62.
Collette, B.B. 1966. Belonion, a new genus of freshwater needlefishes from South America. American Museum Novitates (2274): 1-22.
Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp). Accessed October 9, 2014.
Johnson, G.D.; Baldwin, C.C.; Okiyama, M. & Tominaga, Y. 1996. Osteology and relationships of Pseudotrichonotus altivelis (Teleostei: Aulopiformes: Pseudotrichonotidae). Ichthyological Research 43: 17-45.
Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1993. Percomorph phylogeny: A survey of Acanthomorphs and a new proposal. Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 554-626.
Johnson, G.D. & Springer, V.G. 1997. Elassoma: another look, In: Abstracts of the 77th ASIH annual meeting, University of Washington, Seattle. p. 176.
Kanayama, T. 1991. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Agonidae (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes). Memoires of the Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University 38: 1-199.
Keivany, Y. 1996. Taxonomic revision of the genus Pungitius with emphasis on P. hellenicus. MSc. thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 98 pp.
Keivany, Y. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiformes (Teleostei, Percomorpha). PhD. thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 201 pp.
Keivany, Y. 2014a. Comparative osteology of the jaws in representatives of the eurypterygian fishes. Research in Zoology 4(2): 29-42.
Keivany, Y. 2014b. Comparative osteology of the suspensorial and opercular series in representatives of the eurypterygian fishes. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 73-89.
Keivany, Y.; Nelson, J.S. & Economidis, P.S. 1997, Validity of Pungitius hellenicus, a stickleback fish from Greece. Copeia 1997(3): 558-564.
Keivany, Y. & Nelson, J.S. 1998. Comparative osteology of the Greek ninespine stickleback, Pungitius hellenicus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Journal of Ichthyology 38: 430-440.
Keivany, Y. & Nelson, J.S. 2000. Taxonomic review of the genus Pungitius, ninespine sticklebacks (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Cybium 24(2): 107-122.
Kusaka, T. 1974. The Urohyal of Fishes. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. 320 p.
McAllister, D. E. 1968. The evolution of branchiostegals and classification of teleostome fishes. Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada (221): 1-239.
Nelson, G.J. 1969. Gill arches and the phylogeny of fishes, with notes on the classification of vertebrates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 141: 475-552.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the world. Fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA. 601 p.
Olney, J.E.; Johnson, G.D. & Baldwin, C.C. 1993. Phylogeny of Lampridiform fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 137-169.
Orr, J.W. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiform fishes (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). PhD thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. 813 pp.
Parenti, L.R. 1981. A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 168: 335-557.
Parenti, L.R. 1984. On the relationships of Phallostethid fishes (Atherinomorpha), with notes on the anatomy of Phallostethus dunckeri Regan, 1913. American Museum Novitates (2779): 1-12.
Rojo, A.L. 1991. Dictionary of evolutionary fish osteology. CRC Press, London, UK.
Rosen, D.E. 1973. Interrelationships of higher euteleostean fishes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D.E. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 397-513.
Rosen, D.E. & Parenti L.R. 1981. Relationships of Oryzias, and the groups of Atherinomorph fishes. American Museum Novitates (2719): 1-25.
Rosen, D.E. & Patterson, C. 1990. On Mueller's and Cuvier's concepts of pharyngognath and labyrinth fishes and the classification of percomorph fishes, with an atlas of percomorph dorsal gill arches. American Museum Novitates (2983): 1-58.
Rosen, D.E. & Greenwood, P.H. 1976. A fourth neotropical species of synbranchid eel and the phylogeny and systematics of synbranchiform fishes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 157: 1-67.
Rosen, D.E. 1984. Zeiforms as primitive plectog-nath fishes. American Museum Novitates (2782): 1-45.
Stiassny, M.L.J. 1996. Basal ctenosquamate relationships and interrelationships of the myctophiform (Scopelomorph) fishes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D.E. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 405-426.
Takata, Y. & Sasaki, K. 2005. Branchial structures in the Gasterosteiformes, with special reference to myology and phylogenetic implications. Ichthyological Research 52(1): 33-49.
Taylor, W.R. & Van Dyke, G.C. 1985. Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-119.
Banister, K.E. 1970. The anatomy and taxonomy of Indostomus paradoxus Prashad & Mukerji. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology). 19: 179-209.
Bowne, P.S. 1985. The systematic position of Gasterosteiformes. PhD thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Bowne, P.S. 1994. Systematics and morphology of the Gasterosteiformes. In Bell, M.A. & Foster, S.A. (eds.), Evolutionary biology of the Threespine Stickleback, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. pp. 28-60.
Britz, R. & Kottelat, M. 2003. Descriptive osteology of the family Chaudhuriidae (Teleostei, Synbranchiformes, Mastacembeloidei), with a discussion of its relationships. American Museum Novitates 1-62.
Collette, B.B. 1966. Belonion, a new genus of freshwater needlefishes from South America. American Museum Novitates (2274): 1-22.
Eschmeyer, W.N. (ed). Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp). Accessed October 9, 2014.
Johnson, G.D.; Baldwin, C.C.; Okiyama, M. & Tominaga, Y. 1996. Osteology and relationships of Pseudotrichonotus altivelis (Teleostei: Aulopiformes: Pseudotrichonotidae). Ichthyological Research 43: 17-45.
Johnson, G.D. & Patterson, C. 1993. Percomorph phylogeny: A survey of Acanthomorphs and a new proposal. Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 554-626.
Johnson, G.D. & Springer, V.G. 1997. Elassoma: another look, In: Abstracts of the 77th ASIH annual meeting, University of Washington, Seattle. p. 176.
Kanayama, T. 1991. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Agonidae (Pisces: Scorpaeniformes). Memoires of the Faculty of Fisheries Hokkaido University 38: 1-199.
Keivany, Y. 1996. Taxonomic revision of the genus Pungitius with emphasis on P. hellenicus. MSc. thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 98 pp.
Keivany, Y. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiformes (Teleostei, Percomorpha). PhD. thesis. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 201 pp.
Keivany, Y. 2014a. Comparative osteology of the jaws in representatives of the eurypterygian fishes. Research in Zoology 4(2): 29-42.
Keivany, Y. 2014b. Comparative osteology of the suspensorial and opercular series in representatives of the eurypterygian fishes. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 73-89.
Keivany, Y.; Nelson, J.S. & Economidis, P.S. 1997, Validity of Pungitius hellenicus, a stickleback fish from Greece. Copeia 1997(3): 558-564.
Keivany, Y. & Nelson, J.S. 1998. Comparative osteology of the Greek ninespine stickleback, Pungitius hellenicus (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Journal of Ichthyology 38: 430-440.
Keivany, Y. & Nelson, J.S. 2000. Taxonomic review of the genus Pungitius, ninespine sticklebacks (Teleostei, Gasterosteidae). Cybium 24(2): 107-122.
Kusaka, T. 1974. The Urohyal of Fishes. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, Japan. 320 p.
McAllister, D. E. 1968. The evolution of branchiostegals and classification of teleostome fishes. Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada (221): 1-239.
Nelson, G.J. 1969. Gill arches and the phylogeny of fishes, with notes on the classification of vertebrates. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 141: 475-552.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the world. Fourth edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA. 601 p.
Olney, J.E.; Johnson, G.D. & Baldwin, C.C. 1993. Phylogeny of Lampridiform fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science 52: 137-169.
Orr, J.W. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of Gasterosteiform fishes (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). PhD thesis. Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. 813 pp.
Parenti, L.R. 1981. A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 168: 335-557.
Parenti, L.R. 1984. On the relationships of Phallostethid fishes (Atherinomorpha), with notes on the anatomy of Phallostethus dunckeri Regan, 1913. American Museum Novitates (2779): 1-12.
Rojo, A.L. 1991. Dictionary of evolutionary fish osteology. CRC Press, London, UK.
Rosen, D.E. 1973. Interrelationships of higher euteleostean fishes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D.E. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 397-513.
Rosen, D.E. & Parenti L.R. 1981. Relationships of Oryzias, and the groups of Atherinomorph fishes. American Museum Novitates (2719): 1-25.
Rosen, D.E. & Patterson, C. 1990. On Mueller's and Cuvier's concepts of pharyngognath and labyrinth fishes and the classification of percomorph fishes, with an atlas of percomorph dorsal gill arches. American Museum Novitates (2983): 1-58.
Rosen, D.E. & Greenwood, P.H. 1976. A fourth neotropical species of synbranchid eel and the phylogeny and systematics of synbranchiform fishes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 157: 1-67.
Rosen, D.E. 1984. Zeiforms as primitive plectog-nath fishes. American Museum Novitates (2782): 1-45.
Stiassny, M.L.J. 1996. Basal ctenosquamate relationships and interrelationships of the myctophiform (Scopelomorph) fishes. In: Stiassny, M.L.J., Parenti, L.R. and Johnson, G.D.E. (eds.), Interrelationships of Fishes. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. pp. 405-426.
Takata, Y. & Sasaki, K. 2005. Branchial structures in the Gasterosteiformes, with special reference to myology and phylogenetic implications. Ichthyological Research 52(1): 33-49.
Taylor, W.R. & Van Dyke, G.C. 1985. Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-119.