Main Article Content

Abstract

This study broadens research in to improving the reproduction and intestinal microflora of Carassius auratus broods stocks via lactoferrin and Lactobacillus rhamnosus PTCC 1637 in 120 days. The experimental treatments included: L. rhamnosus PTCC 1637 (106 CFU g diet-1), lactoferrin (200mg kg diet-1) a combined treatment (L. rhamnosus PTCC 1637 with lactoferrin) and a control group in three replications. On the basis of results, the highest (p<0.05) working fecundity, absolute fecundity, gonadosomatic index (GSI) were observed in L. rhamnosus PTCC 1637 treatment. Egg and one-day-old larvae characteristics and fertilization rate were not affected significantly. As the results showed, the highest survival rate of larvae was found in lactoferrin treatment but not significant. While the counts of viable lactic acid bacteria in the probiotic and in the combined treatment were higher than those of lactoferrin treatment and control group (p<0.05), the total count of aerobic bacteria was not affected by the probiotic and lactoferrin. According to our findings, it is recommended to use L. rhamnosus PTCC 1637 (106 CFU g diet-1) to increase reproduction and the combination of L. rhamnosus PTCC 1637 and lactoferrin to control the reproduction efficiency of the C. auratus.

Keywords

Reproduction Bovine lactoferrin Probiotic Gold crucian carp.

Article Details

How to Cite
AHMADNIA-MOTLAGH, H., HAJIMORADLO, A., GORBANI, R., AGH, N., SAFARI, O., & LASHKARIZADEH-BAMI, M. (2017). Reproductive performance and intestinal bacterial changes of Carassius auratus fed supplemented lactoferrin and Lactobacillus rhamnosus PTCC 1637 diet. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 4(2), 150–161. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v4i2.184

References

    Ahmadian, E.; Agh, N.; Tokmechi, A. & Jalili, R. 2012. Effect of dietary bovine lactoferrin on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fecundity and larval quality. In: larvi ’13 – fish & shellfish larviculture symposium , Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium, 2-5 September 2013, p. 6.
    Ahmadnia Motlagh, H.R.; Farhangi, M.; Rafiee, G. & Noori, F. 2012. Modulating gut microbiota and digestive enzyme activities of Artemia urmiana by administration of different levels of Bacillus. Aquaculture International 20: 693-705.
    Batista, S.; Ramos, M.; Cunha, S.; Barros, R.; Cristóvão, B.; Rema, P.; Pires, M.; Valente, L. & Ozório, R. 2015. Immune responses and gut morphology of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup 1858) fed monospecies and multispecies probiotics. Aquaculture Nutrition 21: 625-634.
    Bruce, M.; Oyen, F.; Bell, G.; Asturiano, J.F.; Farndale, B.; Carrillo, M.; Zanuy, S.; Ramos, J. & Bromage, N. 1999. Development of broodstock diets for the European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with special emphasis on the importance of n−3 and n−6 highly unsaturated fatty acid to reproductive performance. Aquaculture 177: 85-97.
    Carnevali, O. Avella, M. & Gioacchini, G. 2013. Effects of probiotic administration on zebrafish development and reproduction. General & Comparative Endocrinology 188: 297-302.
    Carnevali, O. Maradonna, F. & Gioacchini, G. 2016. Integrated control of fish metabolism, wellbeing and reproduction: The role of probiotic. Aquaculture 472:144-155.
    Eslamloo, K.; Falahatkar, B. & Yokoyama, S. 2012. Effects of dietary bovine lactoferrin on growth, physiological performance, iron metabolism and non-specific immune responses of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 32: 976-985.
    Ghosh, S.; Sinha, A. & Sahu, C. 2007. Effect of probiotic on reproductive performance in female livebearing ornamental fish. Aquaculture Research 38: 518-526.
    Gioacchini, G.; Maradonna, F.; Lombardo, F.; Bizzaro, D.; Olivotto, I. & Carnevali, O. 2010. Increase of fecundity by probiotic administration in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Reproduction 140: 953-959.
    González-Chávez, S.A.; Arévalo-Gallegos, S. & Rascón-Cruz, Q. 2009. Lactoferrin: structure, function and applications. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 33: 301-308.
    Hamdan, A.M.; El Sayed, A.F.M. & Mahmoud, M.M. 2016. Effects of a novel marine probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum AH 78, on growth performance and immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Applied Microbiology 120: 1061-1073.
    Hanif, A.; Bakopoulos, V. & Dimitriadis, G. 2004. Maternal transfer of humoral specific and non-specific immune parameters to sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 17:411-435.
    Hanif, A.; Bakopoulos, V.; Leonardos, I. & Dimitriadis, G. 2005. The effect of sea bream (Sparus aurata) broodstock and larval vaccination on the susceptibility by Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida and on the humoral immune parameters. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 19:345-361.
    Hoseinifar, S.H.; Roosta, Z.; Hajimoradloo, A. & Vakili, F. 2015. The effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus as feed supplement on skin mucosal immune parameters, intestinal microbiota, stress resistance and growth performance of black swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 42: 533-538.
    Irianto, A. & Austin, B. 2002. Probiotics in aquaculture. Journal of Fish Diseases 25: 633-642.
    Izquierdo, M.; Fernandez-Palacios, H. & Tacon, A. 2001. Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish. Aquaculture 197: 25-42.
    Jafariyan, H.; Sahandi, J.; Taati, M.; Eslamloo, K.; Dewangan, N.K.; Gopalakrishnan, A.; Kannan, D.; Shettu, N.; Singh, R.R. & El-Gamal, A.A.E. 2015. The use of Bacillus probiotics in-feed improved stress resistance of Trichopodus trichopterus (Pallas, 1770) larvae. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 3: 757-760.
    Levay, P. & Viljoen, M. 1995. Lactoferrin: a general review. Haematologica 80: 252-267.
    Li, M.; Manning, B. & Robinson, E. 2004. Effect of daily intake on feed efficiency of juvenile channel catfish. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 29: 156-161.
    Li, M.; Manning, B. & Robinson, E. 2004. Effect of daily intake on feed efficiency of juvenile channel catfish. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 29: 156-161.
    Liang, M.Q.; Lu, Q.K.; Qian, C.; Zheng, K.K. & Wang, X.X. 2014. Effects of dietary n-3 to n-6 fatty acid ratios on spawning performance and larval quality in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Aquaculture Nutrition 20:79-89.
    Lorenzoni, M.; Corboli, M.; Ghetti, L.; Pedicillo, G. & Carosi, A. 2007. Growth and reproduction of the goldfish Carassius auratus: a case study from Italy. In: Biological invaders in inland waters: Profiles, distribution, and threats. Springer, pp. 259-273.
    Mahious, A. & Ollevier, F. 2005. Probiotics and prebiotics in aquaculture: a review. In: 1st Regional workshop on techniques for enrichment of live food for use in larviculture AAARC, pp. 17-26.
    Morshedi, V.; Agh, N.; Marammazi, J.; Nori, F. & Mohamadian, T. 2015. Survey of digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (sparidentex hasta) fingerling in response to different levels of dietary xylooligosaccharide. Quarterly Journal of Biological Sciences 31: 37-47.
    Okumuş, İ. 2002. Rainbow trout broodstock management and seed production in Turkey: Present practices, constraints and the future. Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 2: 41-56.
    Ownagh, A.; Agh, N.; Azizi, H. & Rahman, B. 2013. The Effects of Using Dietary Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactoferrin on the Growth Parameters in Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Experimental Animal Biology 249: 367-373.
    Park, Y.; Lee, S.; Hong, J.; Kim, D.; Moniruzzaman, M. & Bai, S.C. 2016. Use of probiotics to enhance growth, stimulate immunity and confer disease resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Research 48: 2672-2682.
    Qin, C.; Xu, L.; Yang, Y.; He, S.; Dai, Y.; Zhao, H. & Zhou, Z. 2014. Comparison of fecundity and offspring immunity in zebrafish fed Lactobacillus rhamnosus CICC 6141 and Lactobacillus casei BL23. Reproduction 147: 53-64.
    Rahimnejad, S.; Agh, N.; Kalbassi, M. & Khosravi, S. 2012. Effect of dietary bovine lactoferrin on growth, haematology and non-specific immune response in rainbow trout. Aquaculture Research 43: 1451-1459.
    Ratledge, C. 2004. Fatty acid biosynthesis in microorganisms being used for single cell oil production. Biochimie 86: 807-815.
    Standen, B.; Rawling, M.; Davies, S.; Castex, M.; Foey, A.; Gioacchini, G.; Carnevali, O. & Merrifield, D. 2013. Probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici modulates both localised intestinal-and peripheral-immunity in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 35: 1097-1104.
    Swain, P.; Dash, S.; Bal, J.; Routray, P.; Sahoo, P.; Sahoo, S.; Saurabh, S.; Gupta, S. & Meher, P. 2006. Passive transfer of maternal antibodies and their existence in eggs, larvae and fry of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 20: 519-527.
    Tannock, G.W. 2004. A special fondness for lactobacilli. Applied & Environmental Microbiology 70: 3189-3194.
    Wang, Y.B.; Li, J.R. & Lin, J. 2008. Probiotics in aquaculture: challenges and outlook. Aquaculture 281: 1-4.
    Wang, Y.D.; Chang, H.Y.; Chen, J.Y. & Chen, J.C. 2013. Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin inhibits bacterial infection in tilapia and elevates survival after bacterial infection: an examination of its immune-modulating properties. Aquaculture International 21: 75-96.
    Ziaei-Nejad, S.; Rezaei, M.H.; Takami, G.A.; Lovett, D.L.; Mirvaghefi, A.R. & Shakouri, M. 2006. The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture 252: 516-524.
    Zohar, Y.; Munõz-Cueto, J.A.; Elizur. A. & Kah, O. 2010. Neuroendocrinology of reproduction in teleost fish. General & Comparative Endocrinology 165: 438–455.