Practical guide to nutrition and captive breeding of <i>Channa striatus</i>, as an ornamental fish in aquarium trade

Abstract

The snakehead murrel (Channa striatus) is a carnivorous, air-breathing freshwater fish increasingly recognized for its potential in both aquaculture and the ornamental fish trade. This study provides a comprehensive guide to the captive breeding, nutrition, and rearing of C. striatus, emphasizing its reproductive physiology and dietary requirements. The optimal broodstock diet, containing 45% protein and 18% lipid with 80% of the protein sourced from high-quality animal ingredients such as fish meal and squid meal, was shown to enhance gonadal development and reproductive performance. Key aspects of breeding include its ability to spawn year-round, producing up to 1,000 eggs per cycle, and successful artificial propagation using synthetic hormones like Ovaprim. Growth trials demonstrated significant weight gain under controlled culture conditions, with fish reaching marketable sizes within 9-11 months. The species exhibits resilience to suboptimal water conditions, including low oxygen levels and high ammonia concentrations, making it a suitable candidate for diverse aquaculture systems. This report highlights C. striatus as a promising species for the ornamental and aquaculture industries due to its adaptability, robust growth, and economic value.