Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 252 Download : 65

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

This study examined the levels of four heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) and their potential health risks for consumers in the commercially important fish species Scomberomorus commerson, collected from Sistan-Baluchestan and Hormozgan provinces, Iran. Sixty samples were collected and analyzed for heavy metals concentration in liver and muscle tissues using an ICP-OES atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Model:Optima DV 2000). The mercury content was measured using the Atomic Absorption method (novAA 400P, analytikjena) with a hydride production technique. The study also calculated the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) of heavy metals. The study revealed variations in metal concentration across different sampling stations and tissues. Samples from Chabahar had higher levels of heavy metals compared to samples from Hormozgan, and the concentration of these metals in the liver was higher than in the muscle, except for Pb, which was slightly higher in the muscle of Hormozgan samples than in the liver. The heavy metals accumulation in the samples followed the pattern of Zn>Pb>Cd>Hg. Among the metals studied, only the Pb concentration in fish muscle from Chabahar exceeded international standards, however the average THQ calculated for all metals was less than 1. The high level of Pb concentration could be due to extensive industrial activities and, to a lesser extent, industrial effluents and human pollution. Therefore, with the industrial sector expanding in this area, especially in shipping, it is recommended to regularly monitor heavy metals.

Keywords

Pollution Hazard Index Fish Aquatic environment Gulf of Chabahar

Article Details

License
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

How to Cite
ALIZADEH, A., MOHAMMADI, M., GHANBARIFARDI, M., & YAGHFOORI, S. (2024). Heavy metals in <i>Scomberomorus commerson</i> from Sistan-Baluchestan and Hormozgan Provinces: accumulation and consumer health risk assessment. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 11(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v11i1.1019
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Abd Elnabi, M.K.; Elkaliny, N.E.; Elyazied, M.M.; Azab, S.H.; Elkhalifa, S.A.; Elmasry, S.; Mouhamed, M.S.; Shalamesh, E.M.; Alhorieny, N.A.; Abd Elaty, A.E.; Elgendy, I.M.; Etman, A.E.; Saad, K.E.; Tsigkou, K.; Ali, S.S.; Kornaros, M. & Mahmoud, Y.A. 2023. Toxicity of heavy metals and recent advances in their removal: A Review. Toxics 11(7): 580.
  2. Agusa, T.; Kunito, T.; Sudaryanto, A.; Monirith, I.; Kan-Atireklap, S.; Iwata, H.; Ismail, A.; Sanguansin, J.; Muchtar, M.; Tana, T.S. & Tanabe, S. 2007. Exposure assessment for trace elements from consumption of marine fish in southeast Asia. Environmental Pollution 145(3): 766-777.
  3. Ahmed, Q.; Bat, L.; Yousuf, F.; Ali, Q.M. & Nazim, K. 2015. Accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Cr) in tissues of Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Family-Scombridae) fish marketed by Karachi fish harbor. Open Biological Sciences Journal 1: 20-28.
  4. Alina, M.; Azrina, A.; Mohd Yunus, A.S.; Mohd Zakiuddin, S.; Mohd Izuan Effendi, H. & Muhammad Rizal, R. 2012. Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, cadmium, plumbum) in selected marine fish and shellfish along the Straits of Malacca. International Food Research Journal 19(1): 135-140.
  5. Alsafran, M.; Usman, K.; Rizwan, M.; Ahmed, T. & Al Jabri, H. 2021. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of metal (oid)s bioaccumulation in leafy vegetables: a consumption advisory. Frontiers in Environmental Science 9: 742269.
  6. Al-Shwafi, N.A.A. 2002. Heavy metal concentration levels in some fish species in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden-Yemen. Qatar University Science Journal 22: 171-176.
  7. Ardeshir, R.A.; Movahedinia, A.A. & Rastgar, S. 2017. Fish liver biomarkers for heavy metal pollution: a review article. American Journals of Toxicology 1(1): 1-8.
  8. Askary Sary, A. & Velayatzadeh, M. 2014. Determination of lead and zinc in Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss from Iran in 2001 and 2011. International Journal of Biosciences 4(11): 1-9.
  9. Bazzi, A.O. 2014. Heavy metals in seawater, sediments and marine organisms in the Gulf of Chabahar, Oman Sea. Journal of Oceanography and Marine Science 5(3): 20-29.
  10. Costa, F.; Coelho, J.P.; Baptista, J.; Martinho, F.; Pereira. M.E. & Pardal. M.A. 2020. Mercury accumulation in fish species along the Portuguese coast: are there potential risks to human health?. Marine Pollution Bulletin 150, 110740.
  11. Deshpande, A.; Bhendigeri, S.; Shirsekar, T.; Dhaware, D. & Khandekar, R.N. 2009. Analysis of heavy metals in marine fish from Mumbai Docks. Environmental Monitoring Assessment 159(1-4): 493-500.
  12. Djedjibegovic, J.; Marjanovic, A.; Tahirovic, D.; Caklovica, K.; Turalic, A.; Lugusic, A.; Omeragic, E.; Sober, M. & Caklovica, F. 2020. Heavy metals in commercial fish and seafood products and risk assessment in adult population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Scientific Reports 10(1): 13238.
  13. Elsagh, A. 2012. Determination of Zinc, Copper, Cobalt and manganese intensity in Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio fishes of Caspian Sea. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences 13(4): 107-113.
  14. Ezemonye, L.I.; Adebayo, P.O.; Enuneku, A.A.; Tongo, I. & Ogbomida, E. 2019. Potential health risk consequences of heavy metal concentrations in surface water, shrimp (Macrobrachium macrobrachion) and fish (Brycinus longipinnis) from Benin River, Nigeria. Toxicology Reports 6: 1-9.
  15. Grattan, B.J. & Freake, H.C. 2012. Zinc and cancer: implications for LIV-1 in breast cancer. Nutrients 4(7): 648-675.
  16. Green, A.J. & Planchart, A. 2018. The neurological toxicity of heavy metals: A fish perspective. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 208: 12-19.
  17. Han, J.L.; Pan, X.D.; Chen, Q. & Huang, B.F. 2021. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in marine fish to the population in Zhejiang, China. Scientific Reports 11(1): 11079.
  18. Hossain, M.B.; Bhuiyan, N.Z.; Kasem, A.; Hossain, M.K.; Sultana, S.; Nur, A.U.; Yu, J.; Albeshr, M.F. & Arai, T. 2022. Heavy metals in four marine fish and shrimp species from a subtropical coastal area: accumulation and consumer health risk assessment. Biology (Basel) 11(12): 1780.
  19. Hosseini, M.; Naderi, M.; Gholami, S. & Hadipour, M. 2018. Toxic metals in the muscle and liver of five main commercially important fishes from the Persian Gulf, Southern Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 16(2): 191-198.
  20. Inengite, A.K.; Oforka, N.C. & Osuji, L.C. 2010. Survey of heavy metals in sediments of Kolo creek in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 4(9): 558-566.
  21. Isangedighi, I.A. & David, G.S. 2019. Heavy metals contamination in fish: effects on human health. Journal of Aquatic Science and Marine Biology 2(4): 7-12.
  22. Keshavarzi, B.; Hassanaghaei, M.; Moore, F.; Rastegari Mehr, M.; Soltanian, S.; Lahijanzadeh, A.R. & Sorooshian, A. 2018. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in three commercial fish species in the Persian Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 129(1): 245-252.
  23. Khoshnood, Z.; Khoshnood, R.; Mokhlesi, A.; Ehsanpour, M.; Afkhami, M. & Khazaali, A. 2012. Determination of Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, As, Ni and Zn in important commercial fish species in northern of Persian Gulf. Journal of Cell and Animal Biology 6(1): 1-9.
  24. Korkmaz, C.; Ay, Ö.; Ersoysal, Y.; Köroğlu, M.A. & Erdem, C. 2019. Heavy metal levels in muscle tissues of some fish species caught from north-east Mediterranean: evaluation of their effects on human health. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 81: 1-9.
  25. Lei, M.; Tie, B.Q.; Song, Z.G.; Liao, B.H.; Lepo, J.E. & Huang, Y.Z. 2015. Heavy metal pollution and potential health risk assessment of white rice around mine areas in Hunan Province, China. Food Security 7(1): 45-54.
  26. Mahmuda, M.; Rahman, M.H.; Bashar, A.; Rohani, M.F. & Hossain, M.S. 2020. Heavy metal contamination in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus collected from different fish markets of Mymensingh District. Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment; 1(4): 1-5.
  27. Malvandi, H.; Esmaili Sari, A. & Aliabadani, M. 2015. The Determination of Khramulia Capoeta capoeta Mercury Concentration in Zarrin Gol River, Golestan Province. Veterinary Research & Biological Products 28(1): 50-57.
  28. Mashoufi, S.; Mohammadi, M.; Ghanbarifardi, M. & Alimoradi, M.R. 2023. Determination of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg) content in Capoeta fusca from Lar wetland, Zahedan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 10(2): 102-113.
  29. Medeiros, R.J.; dos Santos, L.M.G.; Freire, A.S.; Santelli, R.E.; Braga, A.M.C.B.; Krauss, T.M. & Jacob, S.D.C. 2012. Determination of inorganic trace elements in edible marine fish from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Food Control 23(2): 535-541.
  30. Miri, M.; Akbari, E.; Amrane, A.; Jafari, S.J.; Eslami, H.; Hoseinzadeh, E.; Zarrabi, M.; Salimi, J.; Sayyad-Arbabi, M. & Taghavi, M. 2017. Health risk assessment of heavy metal intake due to fish consumption in the Sistan region, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189(11): 583.
  31. Mo, W.Y.; Man, Y.B.; Zhang, F. & Wong, M.H. 2019. Fermented food waste for culturing jade perch and Nile tilapia: Growth performance and health risk assessment based on metal/loids. Journal of Environmental Management 236: 236-244.
  32. Naghipour, D.; Shaabaninezhad, Z. & Amouei, A. 2016. Evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in Rutilus frisii kutum on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea (northern Iran). Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal 3(2): 55-59.
  33. Neff, M.R.; Bhavsar, S.P.; Ni, F.J.; Carpenter, D.O.; Drouillard, K.; Fisk, A.T. & Arts, M.T. 2014. Risk-benefit of consuming Lake Erie fish. Environmental Research 134: 57-65.
  34. Nyarko, E.; Boateng, C.M.; Asamoah, O.; Edusei, M.O. & Mahu, E. 2023. Potential human health risks associated with ingestion of heavy metals through fish consumption in the Gulf of Guinea. Toxicology Reports 10: 117-123.
  35. Pastorino, P.; Prearo, M.; Bertoli, M.; Abete, M.C.; Dondo, A.; Salvi, G.; Zaccaroni, A.; Elia, A.C. & Pizzul, E. 2020. Accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn in sediment, chironomids and fish from a high-mountain lake: First insights from the Carnic Alps. Science of the Total Environment 729: 139007.
  36. Patil, A.P. 2020. Effect of heavy metal induced antioxidant mechanisms in fresh water fish Clarias Batrachus. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 9(4): 1352-1361.
  37. Pilehvarian, A.A.; Malekirad, A.A.; Bolandnazar, N.S. & Rezaei, M. 2015. Heavy metal bioaccumulation in different fish species in the coast of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Toxin Reviews 34(4): 215-219.
  38. Pouilly, M.; Pérez, T.; Rejas, D.; Guzman, F.; Crespo, G.; Duprey, J.L. & Guimarães, J.R.D. 2012. Mercury bioaccumulation patterns in fish from the Iténez river basin, Bolivian Amazon. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 83: 8-15.
  39. Pourang, N.; Nikouyan, A. & Dennis, J.H. 2005. Trace element concentrations in fish, surficial sediments and water from northern part of the Persian Gulf. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 109(1-3): 293-316.
  40. Rahman, M.S.; Hossain, M.S.; Ahmed, M.K.; Akther, S.; Jolly, Y.N.; Akhter, S.; Kabir, M.J. & Choudhury, T.R. 2019. Assessment of heavy metals contamination in selected tropical marine fish species in Bangladesh and their impact on human health. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management 11: 100210.
  41. Sadeghi, E.; Mohammadi, M.; Sharafi, K. & Bohlouli, S. 2015. Determination and assessment of three heavy metal content (Cd, Pb and Zn) in Scomberomorous commerson fish caught from the Persian Gulf. Bulgarian Chemical Communications 47, Special Issue D: 222-225.
  42. Sadeghi, P.; Loghmani, M. & Frokhzad, S. 2020. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of commercial marine fish (Thunnus albacares, Euthynnus affinis, and Katsuwonus pelamis) in Oman Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27: 14944-14952.
  43. Sfakianakis, D.G.; Renieri, E.; Kentouri, M. & Tsatsakis, A.M. 2015. Effect of heavy metals on fish larvae deformities: a review. Environmental Research 137: 246-255.
  44. Staniskiene, B.; Matusevicius, P.; Budreckiene, R. & Skibniewska, K.A. 2006. Distribution of heavy metals in tissues of freshwater fish in Lithuania. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 15(4): 585-591.
  45. Tahity, T.; Islam, M.R.U.; Bhuiyan, N.Z.; Choudhury, T.R.; Yu, J.; Noman, M.A.; Hosen, M.M.; Quraishi, S.B.; Paray, B.A.; Arai, T. & Hossain, M.B. 2022. Heavy metals accumulation in tissues of wild and farmed Barramundi from the northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and its estimated human health risks. Toxics 10(8): 410.
  46. Taslima, K.; Al-Emran, M.; Rahman, M.S.; Hasan, J.; Ferdous, Z.; Rohani, M.F. & Shahjahan, M. 2022. Impacts of heavy metals on early development, growth and reproduction of fish - A review. Toxicology Reports 9: 858-868.
  47. Tchounwou, P.B.; Yedjou, C.G.; Patlolla, A.K. & Sutton, D.J. 2012. Heavy metals toxicity and the environment. EXS 101: 133–164.
  48. Türkmen, M.; Türkmen, A.; Tepe, Y.; Töre, Y. & Ateş, A. 2009. Determination of metals in fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean seas. Food Chemistry 113(1): 233-237.
  49. Tuzen, M. 2009. Toxic and essential trace elemental contents in fish species from the Black Sea, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47(8): 1785-1790.
  50. Tuzen, M.; Karaman, I.; Citak, D. & Soylak, M. 2009. Mercury (II) and methyl mercury determinations in water and fish samples by using solid phase extraction and cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry combination. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47(7): 1648-1652.
  51. USEPA. 2011. USEPA Regional Screening Level (RSL) Summary Table: November 2011.
  52. Zaynab, M.; Al-Yahyai, R.; Ameen, A.; Sharif, Y.; Ali, L.; Fatima, M.; Khan, K.A. & Li, S. 2022. Health and environmental effects of heavy metals. Journal of King Saud University – Science 34(1): 101653.
  53. Zhong, W.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, Z.; Yang, R.; Chen, X.; Yang, J. & Zhu, L. 2018. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in freshwater fish in the central and eastern North China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 157: 343-349.
  54. Zhou, C.C.; He, Y.Q.; Gao, Z.Y.; Wu, M.Q. & Yan, C.H. 2020. Sex differences in the effects of lead exposure on growth and development in young children. Chemosphere 250: 126294.