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Abstract

The challenges of morphological identification of closely related species and larval stages of fishes led to increased demand for DNA-based methods to achieve precise species identification. The DNA-based technique has noteworthy applications in food authentication, detection of new species, understanding evolutionary history, and biomonitoring programs. With the advent of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding, many discrepancies in morphological identification can be overcome. DNA barcoding depends on the affirmation that conserved sequences can be utilized for species identification whereas metabarcoding implements advanced next-generation sequencing of diverse bulk samples or environmental samples for automated detection of multiple species. The present article reviews the applications of DNA barcoding and DNA metabarcoding and offers a fundamental understanding of fish identification through barcode information. The article also provides a brief insight into the differences between DNA barcoding and metabarcoding and cites the distinctions that make them different, yet reliant. The pitfalls of DNA barcoding also have been highlighted, especially when it comes to false identification in DNA barcoding using the Ticto Barb (Pethia ticto, Cyprinidae) as an example. Further, the study suggests the employment of various computational approaches for taxonomic validation, accurate and complete DNA libraries, and deeper research of molecular markers.

Keywords

COI eDNA Fish False identification Species identification

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The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)

How to Cite
MODEEL, S., JOSHI, B. D., YADAV, A., NEGI, T., & NEGI, R. K. (2025). DNA-based identification of fishes: A review of barcoding methods and their efficiency assessment. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 12(1), 66–89. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v12i1.1014
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