Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton in the estuary area of the River Don, by comparing the seasonal and spatial patterns. The temperature and pH were measured during phytoplankton growth periods in 3 seasons of 2019. Diatoms formed the largest taxa of the phytoplankton and biomass of phytoplankton (67.56% of the total species composition in spring at station 4). Total number of phytoplankton was 413.33 to 1030 (Cell*103/L), while phytoplankton biomass ranged 33.94-1028.03mg/l. In the early spring, Nitzschia sp. and N. scalaris, N. subtilis, Melosira varians, Cyclotella meneghiniana, in summer, N. distans and Cyclotella meneghiniana, M. varians, N. scalaris, eptocylindrus minimus were dominant. Based on the results, the abundance peaks for blue-green algea occur in summer.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
References
-
Antoine, S.E. & AL-Saadi, H.A. 1982. Limnological studies on polluted Ashar canal and Shatt al-Arab at basrah (Iraq). Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie 67: 405-418.
Atici, T. & Obali, O. 2006. Seasonal variation of phytoplankton and value of chlorophyll-a in the Sarıyar Dam Reservoir (Ankara, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany 30(5): 349-357.
Battarbee, R.W.; Smol, J.P. & Meriläinen, J. l986. Diatoms as indicators of pH: An historical review. In. Smol JP et al. [Editors]. Diatoms and Lake Acidity. Dr. W. Junk Publ., Dordrecht. The Netherlands. pp. 5-14.
Becker, V.; Caputo, L.; Ordonez, J.; Marc, R.; Armengol, J.; Crossetti, L.O. & Huszar, VL. 2010. Driving factors of the phytoplankton functional groups in a deep Mediterranean reservoir. Water Research 44(11): 3345-3354.
Bere, T. & Tundsi, J.G. 2011. Diatom-based Quality Assessment in Streams influence by Urban Pollution: Effects of Natural and two selected Artificial Substrates, São Corlos-sp, Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 15: 54-6
Brettum, P. & Andersen, T. 2005. The use of phytoplankton as indicators of water quality. NIVAreport SNO 4818-2004.
Dedusenko-Schegoleva, N.T.; Matvienko, A.M.; Shkorbatov, L.A. 1959. Green algae. Key to Freshwater Algae of the USSR. Issue 8.
Germain, H. 1981. Flore Des Diatomées, Diatomophycées. Société Nouvelle Des Éditions Boubée, Paris.
Gillett, N.D.; Luttenton, M.R. & Steinman, A.D. 2015. Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in a Great Lakes drowned river-mouth lake (Mona Lake, USA). Journal of Limnology 74(3): 453-466.
Gollerbach, M.M.; Kosinskaya, E.K. & Polyansky, V.I. 1953. Blue-green algae. Key to Freshwater Algae of the USSR. Issue 2.
Hassan, F.M. 1997. A limnological study on Hilla River. Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science (In press).
Hodges, L. 1989. Environmental Pollution.Second Editio, Lowa state. University of Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New Yourk, USA.in phytoplankton community structure in alkaline–saline Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Managemen 14(1): 57-69.
Jafari, N. & Alavi, S.S. 2010. Phytoplankton Community in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of the Talar River, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 14: 51-56.
Jafari, N.G. & Gunale, V.R. 2006. Hydrobiological Study of Algae of an Urban Freshwater River. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Managemen 10: 153-158.
Kosten, S.; Huszar, V.L.M.; Becares, E.; Costa, L.S.; Donk, E.; Hansson, L.A.; Jeppesen, E.; Kruk, C. Lacerot, G. & Mazzeo, N. 2012. Warmer climates boost cyanobacterial dominance in shallow lakes. Global Change Biology 18(1): 118-126.
Kruk, C.; Mazzeo, N.; Lacerot, G. & Reynolds, C. 2002. Classifification schemes for phytoplankton: a local validation of a functional approach to the analysis of species temporal replacement. Journal of Plankton Research 24(9): 901-912.
Li, L.; Li, Q.; Chen, J.; Wang, J.; Jiao, S. & Chen, F. 2017. Temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton functional groups and role of environment factors in a deep subtropical reservoir. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 36(3): 761-771.
Michelutti, N.; Laing, T. & Smol, J.P. 2001. Diatom assessment of past environmental changes in lakes located near Noril’sk (Siberia) smelters. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 125: 231-241.
Moss, B. 1998. Ecology of Freshwaters Man and A medium, past to Future. 3rd edition, Blackwell Science Ltd.
Muhammad, A.; Abdus, S.; Sumayya, I.; Tasveer, Z.B. & Kamran, A.Q. 2005. Studies on monthly variations in biological and physico-chemical parameters of brackish water fish pond, Muzaffar Garh, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 16: 27-38.
Muriel, G.; Frederic, R.; Yong, S.P.; Jean-Luc, G.; Luc, E. & Sovan, L. 2004. Water Quality Assessment Using Diatom Assemblages and Advanced Modeling Techniques. Freshwater Biology 49: 208-220.
Oberholster, P.J.; Dabrowski, J.M.; Ashton, P.J.; Aneck-Hahn, N.H.; Booyse, D. & Botha, A.M. (2010). Risk Assessment of Pollution in Surface Waters of the Upper Olifants River System: Implications for Aquatic Ecosystem Health and the Health of Human Users of Water, Report Number: CSIR/NRE/WR/ER/2010 /0025/B: pp: 1-163.
Okoth, O.E.; Mucai. M.; Shivoga. W.A.; Miller, S.N.; Rasowo, J. & Ngugi, C.C. 2009. Spatial and seasonal variations in phytoplankton community structure in alkaline–saline Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research & Management 14 (1), 57-69, 2009.
Paerl, H.W. & Huisman, J. 2008. Climate. Blooms like it hot. Science 320(5872): 57-58.
Peerapornpisal, Y.; Chaiubol, C.; Pekko, J.; Kraibut, H.; Chorum, M.; Chuanunta, J.; Inthasotti, T. 2004. Monitoring of water quality in Ang Kaew reservoire of Chiang Mai University using phyroplankton as bioindicator from 1995-2002. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 31: 85-94.
Popova, T.G. 1955. Euglenae algae. Determinant of Freshwater algae of the USSR, 1955, issue 7.
Prescott, G.W. 1982. Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. William C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque.
Reynolds, C. 1998. What factors inflfluence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status? Hydrobiologia 369: 11-26.
Reynolds, C., Huszar V., Kruk C., Naselli-Flores L. & Melo S. 2002. Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research 4: 417-428
Reynolds, C.S. 1984a. The Ecology of freshwater phytoplankton, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain.
Reynolds, C.S. 1997. Vegetation Processes in the pelagic. A model for ecosystem theory. In: O. Kinne (Ed.), Excellence in ecology, Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany. 371 p.
Reynolds, C.S. 1997. Vegetation processes in the pelagic: a model for ecosystem theory. Vol. 9. Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany: Ecology Institute.
Reynolds, C.S.; Huszar, V.; Kruk, C.; Naselli-Flores, L. & Melo, S. 2002. Towards a functional classifification of the freshwater phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research 24(5): 417-428.
Simboura, N. & Zenetos, A. 2002. Benthic indicators to use in ecological quality classification of mediterranean soft bottom marine ecosystems, including a new biotic index. Mediterr. Marine Science 3: 77- 111.
Sinha, V.R.P. & Srivastava, H.C. 1991. Aquaculture productivity. Oxford and IHB Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Smol, J.P. & Stoermer, E.F. 2010. The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 667 p.
Sommer, U.; Gliwicz, Z.M.; Lampert, W. & Duncan, A. 1986. The PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 106(4): 433-471.
Sournia A. 1978. Phytoplankton manual. In “Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology 6” UNESCO, Paris. 337 p.
Wetzel, R.G. & Likens, G.E. 2000. Limnological Analyses, 3nd (Ed). Springer.
Yang, M.; Bi, Y.; Hu, J.; Zhu, K.; Zhou, G. & Hu, Z. 2011. Seasonal variation in functional phytoplankton groups in Xiangxi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 29(5): 1057.
Zabelina, M.M.; Kiselev, I.A.; Proshkina-Lavrenko, A.I. & Sheshukova, V.S. 1951. Diatoms. Key to Freshwater Algae of the USSR, Issue 4.
References
Atici, T. & Obali, O. 2006. Seasonal variation of phytoplankton and value of chlorophyll-a in the Sarıyar Dam Reservoir (Ankara, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany 30(5): 349-357.
Battarbee, R.W.; Smol, J.P. & Meriläinen, J. l986. Diatoms as indicators of pH: An historical review. In. Smol JP et al. [Editors]. Diatoms and Lake Acidity. Dr. W. Junk Publ., Dordrecht. The Netherlands. pp. 5-14.
Becker, V.; Caputo, L.; Ordonez, J.; Marc, R.; Armengol, J.; Crossetti, L.O. & Huszar, VL. 2010. Driving factors of the phytoplankton functional groups in a deep Mediterranean reservoir. Water Research 44(11): 3345-3354.
Bere, T. & Tundsi, J.G. 2011. Diatom-based Quality Assessment in Streams influence by Urban Pollution: Effects of Natural and two selected Artificial Substrates, São Corlos-sp, Brazilian Journal of Aquatic Science and Technology 15: 54-6
Brettum, P. & Andersen, T. 2005. The use of phytoplankton as indicators of water quality. NIVAreport SNO 4818-2004.
Dedusenko-Schegoleva, N.T.; Matvienko, A.M.; Shkorbatov, L.A. 1959. Green algae. Key to Freshwater Algae of the USSR. Issue 8.
Germain, H. 1981. Flore Des Diatomées, Diatomophycées. Société Nouvelle Des Éditions Boubée, Paris.
Gillett, N.D.; Luttenton, M.R. & Steinman, A.D. 2015. Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in a Great Lakes drowned river-mouth lake (Mona Lake, USA). Journal of Limnology 74(3): 453-466.
Gollerbach, M.M.; Kosinskaya, E.K. & Polyansky, V.I. 1953. Blue-green algae. Key to Freshwater Algae of the USSR. Issue 2.
Hassan, F.M. 1997. A limnological study on Hilla River. Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science (In press).
Hodges, L. 1989. Environmental Pollution.Second Editio, Lowa state. University of Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New Yourk, USA.in phytoplankton community structure in alkaline–saline Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Managemen 14(1): 57-69.
Jafari, N. & Alavi, S.S. 2010. Phytoplankton Community in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of the Talar River, Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 14: 51-56.
Jafari, N.G. & Gunale, V.R. 2006. Hydrobiological Study of Algae of an Urban Freshwater River. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Managemen 10: 153-158.
Kosten, S.; Huszar, V.L.M.; Becares, E.; Costa, L.S.; Donk, E.; Hansson, L.A.; Jeppesen, E.; Kruk, C. Lacerot, G. & Mazzeo, N. 2012. Warmer climates boost cyanobacterial dominance in shallow lakes. Global Change Biology 18(1): 118-126.
Kruk, C.; Mazzeo, N.; Lacerot, G. & Reynolds, C. 2002. Classifification schemes for phytoplankton: a local validation of a functional approach to the analysis of species temporal replacement. Journal of Plankton Research 24(9): 901-912.
Li, L.; Li, Q.; Chen, J.; Wang, J.; Jiao, S. & Chen, F. 2017. Temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton functional groups and role of environment factors in a deep subtropical reservoir. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 36(3): 761-771.
Michelutti, N.; Laing, T. & Smol, J.P. 2001. Diatom assessment of past environmental changes in lakes located near Noril’sk (Siberia) smelters. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 125: 231-241.
Moss, B. 1998. Ecology of Freshwaters Man and A medium, past to Future. 3rd edition, Blackwell Science Ltd.
Muhammad, A.; Abdus, S.; Sumayya, I.; Tasveer, Z.B. & Kamran, A.Q. 2005. Studies on monthly variations in biological and physico-chemical parameters of brackish water fish pond, Muzaffar Garh, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 16: 27-38.
Muriel, G.; Frederic, R.; Yong, S.P.; Jean-Luc, G.; Luc, E. & Sovan, L. 2004. Water Quality Assessment Using Diatom Assemblages and Advanced Modeling Techniques. Freshwater Biology 49: 208-220.
Oberholster, P.J.; Dabrowski, J.M.; Ashton, P.J.; Aneck-Hahn, N.H.; Booyse, D. & Botha, A.M. (2010). Risk Assessment of Pollution in Surface Waters of the Upper Olifants River System: Implications for Aquatic Ecosystem Health and the Health of Human Users of Water, Report Number: CSIR/NRE/WR/ER/2010 /0025/B: pp: 1-163.
Okoth, O.E.; Mucai. M.; Shivoga. W.A.; Miller, S.N.; Rasowo, J. & Ngugi, C.C. 2009. Spatial and seasonal variations in phytoplankton community structure in alkaline–saline Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research & Management 14 (1), 57-69, 2009.
Paerl, H.W. & Huisman, J. 2008. Climate. Blooms like it hot. Science 320(5872): 57-58.
Peerapornpisal, Y.; Chaiubol, C.; Pekko, J.; Kraibut, H.; Chorum, M.; Chuanunta, J.; Inthasotti, T. 2004. Monitoring of water quality in Ang Kaew reservoire of Chiang Mai University using phyroplankton as bioindicator from 1995-2002. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 31: 85-94.
Popova, T.G. 1955. Euglenae algae. Determinant of Freshwater algae of the USSR, 1955, issue 7.
Prescott, G.W. 1982. Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. William C. Brown Publishers, Dubuque.
Reynolds, C. 1998. What factors inflfluence the species composition of phytoplankton in lakes of different trophic status? Hydrobiologia 369: 11-26.
Reynolds, C., Huszar V., Kruk C., Naselli-Flores L. & Melo S. 2002. Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research 4: 417-428
Reynolds, C.S. 1984a. The Ecology of freshwater phytoplankton, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain.
Reynolds, C.S. 1997. Vegetation Processes in the pelagic. A model for ecosystem theory. In: O. Kinne (Ed.), Excellence in ecology, Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany. 371 p.
Reynolds, C.S. 1997. Vegetation processes in the pelagic: a model for ecosystem theory. Vol. 9. Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany: Ecology Institute.
Reynolds, C.S.; Huszar, V.; Kruk, C.; Naselli-Flores, L. & Melo, S. 2002. Towards a functional classifification of the freshwater phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research 24(5): 417-428.
Simboura, N. & Zenetos, A. 2002. Benthic indicators to use in ecological quality classification of mediterranean soft bottom marine ecosystems, including a new biotic index. Mediterr. Marine Science 3: 77- 111.
Sinha, V.R.P. & Srivastava, H.C. 1991. Aquaculture productivity. Oxford and IHB Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Smol, J.P. & Stoermer, E.F. 2010. The Diatoms: Applications for the Environmental and Earth Sciences. Second edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 667 p.
Sommer, U.; Gliwicz, Z.M.; Lampert, W. & Duncan, A. 1986. The PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters. Archiv für Hydrobiologie 106(4): 433-471.
Sournia A. 1978. Phytoplankton manual. In “Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology 6” UNESCO, Paris. 337 p.
Wetzel, R.G. & Likens, G.E. 2000. Limnological Analyses, 3nd (Ed). Springer.
Yang, M.; Bi, Y.; Hu, J.; Zhu, K.; Zhou, G. & Hu, Z. 2011. Seasonal variation in functional phytoplankton groups in Xiangxi Bay, Three Gorges Reservoir. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 29(5): 1057.
Zabelina, M.M.; Kiselev, I.A.; Proshkina-Lavrenko, A.I. & Sheshukova, V.S. 1951. Diatoms. Key to Freshwater Algae of the USSR, Issue 4.