Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was conducted in the Tel Kaif area, north of Mosul in 2019-2020. First, five cultivars of bread wheat viz. Aba 99, Tammuz 2, Adnaniya, Abu Ghraib 3, Sham 6 were obtained from the Salah al-Din Seed Examination and Certification Department and then three seeding average (200, 250, 300 seeds/m2), were planted on lines with a length of 2.5m and a distance of 30cm using the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicas to study changes on the plant growth traits. The results showed significant differences between all cultivars for all traits as well all the studied traits except for plant height. The interaction between cultivars and seeding rates showed significant differences for the traits (P<0.01). The spike length (cm), the number of spikes/m2, the biological yield (g/m2), and the harvest index % were significant (P<0.05) for the two trait of plant height (cm). The trait of grain yield also showed a positive and significant phenotypic correlation (P<0.01) with all the studied traits except for the trait of plant height.
Keywords
Plantation
Wheat
Cultivars.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
Al-HAMDANI, Z. B., & AL-TAWEEL, M. S. (2021). Genetic behavior of local varieties of bread wheat, Triticum asetivum L. under the influence of different seeding rate. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 376–384. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i0.718
References
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Abbass, D.M.; Al-Layla, M.G. & Al-Hamdani, Z.B 2020. Estimation of heritability and expect genetic improvement and expected in durum. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 22.
Abdulaziz, M. 2004. Design of agricultural experiments. The Egyptian Library for Printing, Publishing and Distribution. Cairo. Egypt. A.S. 336 p.
Abdullah, K.M. & Al-Taweel, M.S. 2020. Study of genetic parameters and cluster analysis for new genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Archives 20(2): 2396-2402.
Al-Haidari, H.K.M.A. 2009. Behavior of cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) by the effect of distances between planting lines. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 40(2): 66-78.
Al-Hamdani, N.J.M. 2020. Effect of planting distances with and without pressure wheel and seeding rates on growth and yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)). Master's thesis in field crops science. Field Crops Division. College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Al Mosul. Iraq.
Al-Juhaishi, A.K.M. 2020. Cluster analysis of the genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A study of the genotype of the traits of the grain yield and its components using the cross-hybridization analysis. Master Thesis. Field Crops Division. College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Al Mosul.
Al-Kubaisi, A.M.M. & Salih, H.M. 2000. Irrigation and fertilization scheduling for wheat and barley crops using the center pivot method. Ministry of Agriculture - General Authority for Agricultural Extension and Cooperative.
Al-Najar, S.M.Y. 2020. Estimation of genetic parameters, pathway analysis and genetic dimension of genotypes introduced from bread wheat for different cultivation distances. Master Thesis/ Department of Field Crops/ College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul.
Al-Rawi, K.M. 1987. Introduction to regression analysis. Dar Al-Kutub Directorate for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Directorate of Agricultural Statistics/Central Statistical Organization/Iraq. 2020. Wheat and barley production 2020.
Dongqing, Y.; TieCai Yong, I. & Zhenlin, W. 2019. Optimizing plant density and nitrogen application to manipulate tiller growth and increase grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in winter wheat. Peerj 7.
Eldey, E.M.; El Naim A.M. & Ali T.I. 2019. Effect of seed rate and cultivar on productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in new halfa locality, Sudan. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences 8(2): 109-114.
El-Hawary, M.A.; Abd El-Hay, G.H.; Attia, M.A. & Zaire, M.A. 2019. Effect of seeding, Belcocel and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of wheat under North Sinai conditions. Al-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research 44(1): 88-99.
Issa, R.K. 2011. The effect of dates of addition of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and its components of five cultivars of fine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of the northern region. Master's Thesis, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Julio, I.S.; Ben, P.; Asheesh, S.K.; Hong, W.; Ronald, D.M.; Curtis, P.J.; Brian, B.L.; Eric, J.N. & Richard, C.D. 2017. Effects of seeding rate on durum crop production and physiological responses. Crop ecology and Physiology. Agronomy Journal 109(5): 1981-1990.
Lollato, R.P.; Molssato, L.; Rapolla, C.; Zhang, G. & Fritz, A. 2019. Wheat Variety Response to Seeding Rate in Kansas during the 2018–19 Growing Season. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports 5(6).
Marinciu, C. & Saulesec, N.N. 2008. Cultivar effect on the relationship between grain protein concentration and yield in winter wheat. Romanian Agriculture 25: 19-27.
Mian, M.A.K.; Begum, A.A. & Saha, R.R. 2019. Functional relationship between Grain Yield and Spikes per square meter of Wheat as influenced by seed rate under Late Sown condition. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22(1): 105-113.
SAS. 2004. System for windows, SAS institute. Inc. Cary. Version 9. North Carolina, USA.
Sharma, R.C. & Smith, E.I. 1986. Selection for high and low harvest index in three winter wheat population. Crop Science 26(6): 1147-1150.
Wali, E.M.A. 2010. Response of growth and yield of five wheat cultivars to different nitrogen fertilizer application methods. Kirkuk University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(2): 100-107.
References
Abbass, D.M.; Al-Layla, M.G. & Al-Hamdani, Z.B 2020. Estimation of heritability and expect genetic improvement and expected in durum. Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 22.
Abdulaziz, M. 2004. Design of agricultural experiments. The Egyptian Library for Printing, Publishing and Distribution. Cairo. Egypt. A.S. 336 p.
Abdullah, K.M. & Al-Taweel, M.S. 2020. Study of genetic parameters and cluster analysis for new genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Archives 20(2): 2396-2402.
Al-Haidari, H.K.M.A. 2009. Behavior of cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) by the effect of distances between planting lines. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 40(2): 66-78.
Al-Hamdani, N.J.M. 2020. Effect of planting distances with and without pressure wheel and seeding rates on growth and yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)). Master's thesis in field crops science. Field Crops Division. College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Al Mosul. Iraq.
Al-Juhaishi, A.K.M. 2020. Cluster analysis of the genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A study of the genotype of the traits of the grain yield and its components using the cross-hybridization analysis. Master Thesis. Field Crops Division. College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Al Mosul.
Al-Kubaisi, A.M.M. & Salih, H.M. 2000. Irrigation and fertilization scheduling for wheat and barley crops using the center pivot method. Ministry of Agriculture - General Authority for Agricultural Extension and Cooperative.
Al-Najar, S.M.Y. 2020. Estimation of genetic parameters, pathway analysis and genetic dimension of genotypes introduced from bread wheat for different cultivation distances. Master Thesis/ Department of Field Crops/ College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul.
Al-Rawi, K.M. 1987. Introduction to regression analysis. Dar Al-Kutub Directorate for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Directorate of Agricultural Statistics/Central Statistical Organization/Iraq. 2020. Wheat and barley production 2020.
Dongqing, Y.; TieCai Yong, I. & Zhenlin, W. 2019. Optimizing plant density and nitrogen application to manipulate tiller growth and increase grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in winter wheat. Peerj 7.
Eldey, E.M.; El Naim A.M. & Ali T.I. 2019. Effect of seed rate and cultivar on productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in new halfa locality, Sudan. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences 8(2): 109-114.
El-Hawary, M.A.; Abd El-Hay, G.H.; Attia, M.A. & Zaire, M.A. 2019. Effect of seeding, Belcocel and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of wheat under North Sinai conditions. Al-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research 44(1): 88-99.
Issa, R.K. 2011. The effect of dates of addition of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and its components of five cultivars of fine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of the northern region. Master's Thesis, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Julio, I.S.; Ben, P.; Asheesh, S.K.; Hong, W.; Ronald, D.M.; Curtis, P.J.; Brian, B.L.; Eric, J.N. & Richard, C.D. 2017. Effects of seeding rate on durum crop production and physiological responses. Crop ecology and Physiology. Agronomy Journal 109(5): 1981-1990.
Lollato, R.P.; Molssato, L.; Rapolla, C.; Zhang, G. & Fritz, A. 2019. Wheat Variety Response to Seeding Rate in Kansas during the 2018–19 Growing Season. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports 5(6).
Marinciu, C. & Saulesec, N.N. 2008. Cultivar effect on the relationship between grain protein concentration and yield in winter wheat. Romanian Agriculture 25: 19-27.
Mian, M.A.K.; Begum, A.A. & Saha, R.R. 2019. Functional relationship between Grain Yield and Spikes per square meter of Wheat as influenced by seed rate under Late Sown condition. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22(1): 105-113.
SAS. 2004. System for windows, SAS institute. Inc. Cary. Version 9. North Carolina, USA.
Sharma, R.C. & Smith, E.I. 1986. Selection for high and low harvest index in three winter wheat population. Crop Science 26(6): 1147-1150.
Wali, E.M.A. 2010. Response of growth and yield of five wheat cultivars to different nitrogen fertilizer application methods. Kirkuk University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(2): 100-107.
Abdulaziz, M. 2004. Design of agricultural experiments. The Egyptian Library for Printing, Publishing and Distribution. Cairo. Egypt. A.S. 336 p.
Abdullah, K.M. & Al-Taweel, M.S. 2020. Study of genetic parameters and cluster analysis for new genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Archives 20(2): 2396-2402.
Al-Haidari, H.K.M.A. 2009. Behavior of cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L) by the effect of distances between planting lines. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 40(2): 66-78.
Al-Hamdani, N.J.M. 2020. Effect of planting distances with and without pressure wheel and seeding rates on growth and yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)). Master's thesis in field crops science. Field Crops Division. College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Al Mosul. Iraq.
Al-Juhaishi, A.K.M. 2020. Cluster analysis of the genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A study of the genotype of the traits of the grain yield and its components using the cross-hybridization analysis. Master Thesis. Field Crops Division. College of Agriculture and Forestry. University of Al Mosul.
Al-Kubaisi, A.M.M. & Salih, H.M. 2000. Irrigation and fertilization scheduling for wheat and barley crops using the center pivot method. Ministry of Agriculture - General Authority for Agricultural Extension and Cooperative.
Al-Najar, S.M.Y. 2020. Estimation of genetic parameters, pathway analysis and genetic dimension of genotypes introduced from bread wheat for different cultivation distances. Master Thesis/ Department of Field Crops/ College of Agriculture and Forestry/ University of Mosul.
Al-Rawi, K.M. 1987. Introduction to regression analysis. Dar Al-Kutub Directorate for Printing and Publishing, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Directorate of Agricultural Statistics/Central Statistical Organization/Iraq. 2020. Wheat and barley production 2020.
Dongqing, Y.; TieCai Yong, I. & Zhenlin, W. 2019. Optimizing plant density and nitrogen application to manipulate tiller growth and increase grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in winter wheat. Peerj 7.
Eldey, E.M.; El Naim A.M. & Ali T.I. 2019. Effect of seed rate and cultivar on productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in new halfa locality, Sudan. Current Research in Agricultural Sciences 8(2): 109-114.
El-Hawary, M.A.; Abd El-Hay, G.H.; Attia, M.A. & Zaire, M.A. 2019. Effect of seeding, Belcocel and nitrogen fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of wheat under North Sinai conditions. Al-Azhar Journal of Agricultural Research 44(1): 88-99.
Issa, R.K. 2011. The effect of dates of addition of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and its components of five cultivars of fine wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of the northern region. Master's Thesis, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Iraq.
Julio, I.S.; Ben, P.; Asheesh, S.K.; Hong, W.; Ronald, D.M.; Curtis, P.J.; Brian, B.L.; Eric, J.N. & Richard, C.D. 2017. Effects of seeding rate on durum crop production and physiological responses. Crop ecology and Physiology. Agronomy Journal 109(5): 1981-1990.
Lollato, R.P.; Molssato, L.; Rapolla, C.; Zhang, G. & Fritz, A. 2019. Wheat Variety Response to Seeding Rate in Kansas during the 2018–19 Growing Season. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports 5(6).
Marinciu, C. & Saulesec, N.N. 2008. Cultivar effect on the relationship between grain protein concentration and yield in winter wheat. Romanian Agriculture 25: 19-27.
Mian, M.A.K.; Begum, A.A. & Saha, R.R. 2019. Functional relationship between Grain Yield and Spikes per square meter of Wheat as influenced by seed rate under Late Sown condition. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22(1): 105-113.
SAS. 2004. System for windows, SAS institute. Inc. Cary. Version 9. North Carolina, USA.
Sharma, R.C. & Smith, E.I. 1986. Selection for high and low harvest index in three winter wheat population. Crop Science 26(6): 1147-1150.
Wali, E.M.A. 2010. Response of growth and yield of five wheat cultivars to different nitrogen fertilizer application methods. Kirkuk University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1(2): 100-107.