Main Article Content
Abstract
Human myeloma is often used to depict primary myeloma cells since it does not completely capture patient variability. The majority of its genetic history is unclear. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) is one of four highly-conserved cell-membrane-related FGFR1-4 systems that are involved in embryo-growth, development, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis in the signaling processes. This study aimed to investigate FGFR3 polymorphisms using PCR-SSCP analysis in 40 patients and healthy persons as control for myeloma cancer. PCR approach was used for screening FGFR3, followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), which show that the FGFR3 variations of the gene polymorphism might be affected by myeloma susceptibility. The results showed possibility to detect Multiplemyeloma by the variations of FGFR3 gene polymorphisms.
Keywords
FGFR3
Polymorphisms
Myeloma
SSCP.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
LAWI, Z. K. K., SKAKIR, Z. H., & AZIZ, D. Z. (2021). Detection of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene polymorphism in multiple myeloma patients in Baghdad and Babylon provinces. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 337–340. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i0.707
References
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Banoon, S.R. & Ghasemian, A. 2021. The characters of graphene oxide nanoparticles and doxorubicin against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer 1-5.
Chang, L.; Guo, R.; Huang, Q. & Yen, Y. 2013. Chromosomal instability triggered by Rrm2b loss leads to IL6 secretion and plasmacytic neoplasms. Cell Reports 3: 1389-1397.
Chesi, M.; Nardini, E.; Brents, L.A.; Schrock, E.; Ried, T.; Kuehl, W.M. & Bergsagel, P.L. 1997. Frequent translocation t(4;14) (p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myeloma is associated with increased expression and activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Natural Genetics 16: 260-264.
Chesi, M.; Nardini, E.; Lim, R.S.; Smith, K.D.; Kuehl, W.M. & Bergsagel, P.L. 1998. The t(4;14) translocation in myeloma dysregulates both FGFR3 and a novel gene, MMSET, resulting in IgH/MMSET hybrid transcripts. Blood 92: 3025-3034.
Colvin, J.S.; Bohne, B.A.; Harding, G.W.; McEwen, D.G. & Ornitz, D.M. 1996. Skeletal overgrowth and deafness in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Nature Genetics 12(4): 390-397.
Fawzi, M.; Taifi, A. & Lawi, Z.K. 2021. Somatostatin (SST) promoter hypermethylation in association with colorectal cancer. PeriódicoTchêQuímica 17(36): 1075-1082.
Friesel, R.E. & Maciag, T. 1995. Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis: fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. The Faseb Journal 9(10): 919-925.
Hyatt, S.; Jones, R.E.; Heppel, N.H.; Grimstead, J.W.; Fegan, C.; Jackson, G.H. & Baird, D.M. 2017. Telomere length is a critical determinant for survival in multiple myeloma. British journal of Haematology 178: 94-98.
Janz, S.; Zhan, F.; Sun, F.; Cheng, Y.; Pisano, M.; Yang, Y.; Goldschmidt, H. & Hari, P. 2019. Germline risk contribution to genomic instability in multiple myeloma. Frontiers in Genetics 8: 410-424.
Katzel, J.A.; Hari, P. & Vesole, D.H. 2007. Multiple myeloma: charging toward a bright future. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 57(5): 301-318.
Naski, M.C.; Wang, Q.; Xu J. & Ornitz, D.M. 1996. Graded activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by mutations causing achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. Nature Genetics 13(2): 233-237.
Orita, M.; Iwahana, H.; Kanazawa, H.; Hayashi, K. & Sekiya, T. 1989. Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-strand conformation polymorphisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 86(8): 2766-2770.
Perez-Castro, A.V.; Wilson, J. & Altherr, M.R. 1997. Genomic organization of the human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene and comparative sequence analysis with the mouse Fgfr3 gene. Genomics 41(1): 10-16.
Powers, C.J.; McLeskey, S.W. & Wellstein, A. 2000. Fibroblast growth factors, their receptors and signaling. Endocrine- Related Cancer 7:165-197.
Sibley, K.; Cuthbert-Heavens, D. & Knowles, M.A. 2001. Loss of heterozygosity at 4p16.3 and mutation of FGFR3 in transitional cell carcinoma. Oncogene 20: 686-691.
Soverini, S.; Terragna, C.; Testoni, N.; Ruggeri, D.; Tosi, P.; Zamagni, E.; Cellini, C.; Cavo, M.; Baccarani, M.; Tura, S. & Martinelli, G. 2002. Novel mutation and RNA splice variant of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis. Haematologica 87(10): 1036-1040.
Wilcox, W.R.; Tavormina, P.L.; Krakow, D.; Kitoh, H.; Lachman, R.S.; Wasmuth, J.J.; Thompson, L.M. & Rimoin, D.L. 1998. Molecular radiologic, and histopathologic correlations in thanatophoric dysplasia. American Journal of Medical Genetics 78(3): 274-281.
Zhou, W.; Yang, Y.; Xia, J.; Wang, H.; Salama, M.E.; Xiong, W. & Zhan, F. 2013. NEK2 induces drug resistance mainly through activation of efflux drug pumps and is associated with poor prognosis in myeloma and other cancers. Cancer Cell 23(1): 48-62.
References
Banoon, S.R. & Ghasemian, A. 2021. The characters of graphene oxide nanoparticles and doxorubicin against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer 1-5.
Chang, L.; Guo, R.; Huang, Q. & Yen, Y. 2013. Chromosomal instability triggered by Rrm2b loss leads to IL6 secretion and plasmacytic neoplasms. Cell Reports 3: 1389-1397.
Chesi, M.; Nardini, E.; Brents, L.A.; Schrock, E.; Ried, T.; Kuehl, W.M. & Bergsagel, P.L. 1997. Frequent translocation t(4;14) (p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myeloma is associated with increased expression and activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Natural Genetics 16: 260-264.
Chesi, M.; Nardini, E.; Lim, R.S.; Smith, K.D.; Kuehl, W.M. & Bergsagel, P.L. 1998. The t(4;14) translocation in myeloma dysregulates both FGFR3 and a novel gene, MMSET, resulting in IgH/MMSET hybrid transcripts. Blood 92: 3025-3034.
Colvin, J.S.; Bohne, B.A.; Harding, G.W.; McEwen, D.G. & Ornitz, D.M. 1996. Skeletal overgrowth and deafness in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Nature Genetics 12(4): 390-397.
Fawzi, M.; Taifi, A. & Lawi, Z.K. 2021. Somatostatin (SST) promoter hypermethylation in association with colorectal cancer. PeriódicoTchêQuímica 17(36): 1075-1082.
Friesel, R.E. & Maciag, T. 1995. Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis: fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. The Faseb Journal 9(10): 919-925.
Hyatt, S.; Jones, R.E.; Heppel, N.H.; Grimstead, J.W.; Fegan, C.; Jackson, G.H. & Baird, D.M. 2017. Telomere length is a critical determinant for survival in multiple myeloma. British journal of Haematology 178: 94-98.
Janz, S.; Zhan, F.; Sun, F.; Cheng, Y.; Pisano, M.; Yang, Y.; Goldschmidt, H. & Hari, P. 2019. Germline risk contribution to genomic instability in multiple myeloma. Frontiers in Genetics 8: 410-424.
Katzel, J.A.; Hari, P. & Vesole, D.H. 2007. Multiple myeloma: charging toward a bright future. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 57(5): 301-318.
Naski, M.C.; Wang, Q.; Xu J. & Ornitz, D.M. 1996. Graded activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by mutations causing achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. Nature Genetics 13(2): 233-237.
Orita, M.; Iwahana, H.; Kanazawa, H.; Hayashi, K. & Sekiya, T. 1989. Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-strand conformation polymorphisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 86(8): 2766-2770.
Perez-Castro, A.V.; Wilson, J. & Altherr, M.R. 1997. Genomic organization of the human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene and comparative sequence analysis with the mouse Fgfr3 gene. Genomics 41(1): 10-16.
Powers, C.J.; McLeskey, S.W. & Wellstein, A. 2000. Fibroblast growth factors, their receptors and signaling. Endocrine- Related Cancer 7:165-197.
Sibley, K.; Cuthbert-Heavens, D. & Knowles, M.A. 2001. Loss of heterozygosity at 4p16.3 and mutation of FGFR3 in transitional cell carcinoma. Oncogene 20: 686-691.
Soverini, S.; Terragna, C.; Testoni, N.; Ruggeri, D.; Tosi, P.; Zamagni, E.; Cellini, C.; Cavo, M.; Baccarani, M.; Tura, S. & Martinelli, G. 2002. Novel mutation and RNA splice variant of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis. Haematologica 87(10): 1036-1040.
Wilcox, W.R.; Tavormina, P.L.; Krakow, D.; Kitoh, H.; Lachman, R.S.; Wasmuth, J.J.; Thompson, L.M. & Rimoin, D.L. 1998. Molecular radiologic, and histopathologic correlations in thanatophoric dysplasia. American Journal of Medical Genetics 78(3): 274-281.
Zhou, W.; Yang, Y.; Xia, J.; Wang, H.; Salama, M.E.; Xiong, W. & Zhan, F. 2013. NEK2 induces drug resistance mainly through activation of efflux drug pumps and is associated with poor prognosis in myeloma and other cancers. Cancer Cell 23(1): 48-62.
Chang, L.; Guo, R.; Huang, Q. & Yen, Y. 2013. Chromosomal instability triggered by Rrm2b loss leads to IL6 secretion and plasmacytic neoplasms. Cell Reports 3: 1389-1397.
Chesi, M.; Nardini, E.; Brents, L.A.; Schrock, E.; Ried, T.; Kuehl, W.M. & Bergsagel, P.L. 1997. Frequent translocation t(4;14) (p16.3;q32.3) in multiple myeloma is associated with increased expression and activating mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Natural Genetics 16: 260-264.
Chesi, M.; Nardini, E.; Lim, R.S.; Smith, K.D.; Kuehl, W.M. & Bergsagel, P.L. 1998. The t(4;14) translocation in myeloma dysregulates both FGFR3 and a novel gene, MMSET, resulting in IgH/MMSET hybrid transcripts. Blood 92: 3025-3034.
Colvin, J.S.; Bohne, B.A.; Harding, G.W.; McEwen, D.G. & Ornitz, D.M. 1996. Skeletal overgrowth and deafness in mice lacking fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Nature Genetics 12(4): 390-397.
Fawzi, M.; Taifi, A. & Lawi, Z.K. 2021. Somatostatin (SST) promoter hypermethylation in association with colorectal cancer. PeriódicoTchêQuímica 17(36): 1075-1082.
Friesel, R.E. & Maciag, T. 1995. Molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis: fibroblast growth factor signal transduction. The Faseb Journal 9(10): 919-925.
Hyatt, S.; Jones, R.E.; Heppel, N.H.; Grimstead, J.W.; Fegan, C.; Jackson, G.H. & Baird, D.M. 2017. Telomere length is a critical determinant for survival in multiple myeloma. British journal of Haematology 178: 94-98.
Janz, S.; Zhan, F.; Sun, F.; Cheng, Y.; Pisano, M.; Yang, Y.; Goldschmidt, H. & Hari, P. 2019. Germline risk contribution to genomic instability in multiple myeloma. Frontiers in Genetics 8: 410-424.
Katzel, J.A.; Hari, P. & Vesole, D.H. 2007. Multiple myeloma: charging toward a bright future. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 57(5): 301-318.
Naski, M.C.; Wang, Q.; Xu J. & Ornitz, D.M. 1996. Graded activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 by mutations causing achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia. Nature Genetics 13(2): 233-237.
Orita, M.; Iwahana, H.; Kanazawa, H.; Hayashi, K. & Sekiya, T. 1989. Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-strand conformation polymorphisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 86(8): 2766-2770.
Perez-Castro, A.V.; Wilson, J. & Altherr, M.R. 1997. Genomic organization of the human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene and comparative sequence analysis with the mouse Fgfr3 gene. Genomics 41(1): 10-16.
Powers, C.J.; McLeskey, S.W. & Wellstein, A. 2000. Fibroblast growth factors, their receptors and signaling. Endocrine- Related Cancer 7:165-197.
Sibley, K.; Cuthbert-Heavens, D. & Knowles, M.A. 2001. Loss of heterozygosity at 4p16.3 and mutation of FGFR3 in transitional cell carcinoma. Oncogene 20: 686-691.
Soverini, S.; Terragna, C.; Testoni, N.; Ruggeri, D.; Tosi, P.; Zamagni, E.; Cellini, C.; Cavo, M.; Baccarani, M.; Tura, S. & Martinelli, G. 2002. Novel mutation and RNA splice variant of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in multiple myeloma patients at diagnosis. Haematologica 87(10): 1036-1040.
Wilcox, W.R.; Tavormina, P.L.; Krakow, D.; Kitoh, H.; Lachman, R.S.; Wasmuth, J.J.; Thompson, L.M. & Rimoin, D.L. 1998. Molecular radiologic, and histopathologic correlations in thanatophoric dysplasia. American Journal of Medical Genetics 78(3): 274-281.
Zhou, W.; Yang, Y.; Xia, J.; Wang, H.; Salama, M.E.; Xiong, W. & Zhan, F. 2013. NEK2 induces drug resistance mainly through activation of efflux drug pumps and is associated with poor prognosis in myeloma and other cancers. Cancer Cell 23(1): 48-62.