Main Article Content
Abstract
This studies was conducted on 29740 Syrian Awassi Sheep in different ages and of both genders. The percentage of prevalence swellings was 6.63%, that were caseous lymphadenitis, abscesses, hernias, hygromas, granulomas, heamtomas, and cysts with percentage of 4.875, 1.277, 0.305, 0.147, 0.016, 0.006, and 0.003%, respectively. The percentage of swellings according to gender was 9.91% for females and 1.90% for males. The prevalence percentage of caseous lymphadenitis was 7.525 and 1.065%, abscesses 1.824 and 0.491%, hernia 0.393 and 0.180% in female and male, respectively. There were different types of hernias, where sheep to be affected i.e. abdominal hernia (0.221%), umblica (0.030%), congenital cord umbilical (0.047%) and scrotal hernia (0.006%). The percentage of hygroma in males (0.142%) was higher than females (0.155%); however, the granuloma in females (0.022%) was higher than males (0.008%), and heamatoma was equal in both sexes (0.005%). In addition, the cysts in females (0.005%) was higher than males (0%). The result revealed that infections were higher in females than males in any type of swellings.
Keywords
Swellings
Prevalence
Surgical
Sheep
Caseous lymphadenitis
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
ALABDALLAH, Z. A., NOREZZINE, A., VATNIKOV, Y. A., NIKISHOV, A. A., KULIKOV, E. V., ASAAD, T., LUTSAY, V. I., ORLOVA, A. M., ZINAH, A., PETRUKHINA, O. A., KUCHER, D. E., KARAMYAN, A. S., PIVEN, E. A., DRYEMOVA, T. V., & KROTOVA, E. A. (2021). Prevalence and surgical treatment of swelling occurring in Syrian Awassi sheep. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 68–77. Retrieved from https://ijichthyol.org/index.php/iji/article/view/010010
References
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Aitken, I. 2008. Diseases of sheep. John Wiley & Sons. 609 p.
Al-Gaabary, M.H.; Osman, S.A. & Oreiby, A.F. 2009. Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats: Clinical, epidemiological and preventive studies. Small Ruminant Research 87: 116-121.
Ali, M.M. & Youssef, H.A. 2007. Surgical management of congenital malformations in ruminants. Priory Lodge Education Limited.
Al-Sobayil, F.A. & Ahmed, A.F. 2007. Surgical treatment for different forms of hernias in sheep and goats. Journal of Veterinary Science 8: 185-191.
Alves, J.R.A.; de Farias, A.E.M.; Dos Anjos, D.M.; Lima, A.M.C.; Faccioli-Martins, P.Y.; de Souza, C.J.H.; Pinheiro, R.R.; Alves, F.S.F.; de Azevedo, S.S. & Alves, C.J. 2020. Seroepidemiological study of Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep from the Northeast region of Brazil using an indirect ELISA. Tropical Animal Health and Production 1-8.
Anderson, D.E. 2004. Surgical diseases of the neonate. Medecin Veterinaire Du Quebec 34: 12-12.
Baird, G.; Synge, B. & Dercksen, D. 2004. Survey of caseous lymphadenitis seroprevalence in British terminal sire sheep breeds. The Veterinary Record 154: 505-506.
Baird, G.J. & Fontaine, M.C. 2007. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its role in ovine caseous lymphadenitis. Journal of Comparative Pathology 137: 179-210.
Barral, T.D.; Mariutti, R.B.; Arni, R.K.; Santos, A.J.; Loureiro, D.; Sokolonski. A.R.; Azevedo, V.; Borsuk, S.; Meyer, R. & Portela, R.D. 2019. A panel of recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep. Microbial Biotechnology 12: 1313-1323.
Belchior, E.; Graciela, S.; Abalos, M.A.; Mas, M.; Clapera, E.; Gallardo, A.A. & Alvarez, L.A. 2011. Prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep in Argentina (Patagonia). Online Journal of Veterinary Research 15: 211-214.
Belschner, H.G. 1976. Sheep management and diseases. Angus & Robertson.
Benincasa, N.C.; Sakamoto, K.S.; da Silva, I.J.O. & Lobos, C.M.V. 2020. Animal welfare: impacts of pre-slaughter operations on the current poultry industry. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 8: 104-110.
Braun, W.F. & Cole, W.J. 1985. Unilateral scrotal hernia repair in a ram lamb. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187: 500-500.
Distl, O.; Herrmann, R.; Utz J, Doll, K. & Rosenberger, E. 2002. Inheritance of congenital umbilical hernia in German Fleckvieh. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 119: 264-273.
Farman, R.H.; Al-Husseiny, S.H. & Abd Al-Ameer, A.N. 2018. Surgical treatment of hernia in cattle: A review. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 17: 61-68.
Frank, E.R. 1964. Veterinary Surgery. Burgess Publishing Company. 302 p.
Gascoigne, E.; Ogden, N.; Lovatt, F. & Davies, P. 2020. Update on caseous lymphadenitis in sheep. In Practice 42: 105-114.
Guimarães, A.S.; Seyffert, N.; Bastos, B.L.; Portela, R.W.D.; Meyer, R.; Carmo, F.B.; Cruz, J.C.M.; McCulloch, J.A.; Lage, A.P. & Heinemann, M.B. 2009. Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep flocks of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: prevalence and management surveys. Small Ruminant Research 87: 86-91.
Henderson, D.C. 1990. Veterinary book for sheep farmers. Farming Press Books.
Herrmann, R.; Utz, J.; Rosenberger, E.; Doll, K. & Distl, O. 2001. Risk factors for congenital umbilical hernia in German Fleckvieh. The Veterinary Journal 162: 233-240.
Kaler, J. & Green, L.E. 2006. Can farmers identify and name the most common foot lesions in sheep? 2006.
Kuria, J.K. & Holstad, G. 1989. A seroepidemiological investigation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep flocks in southern Norway. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 30: 107.
Lacasta, D.; Fernández, A.; González, J.M.; Ramos, J.J.; Ortín, A. & Ferrer, L.M. 2019 Gangrenous pneumonia, ovine respiratory complex and visceral form of caseous lymphadenitis: Relevance in lower respiratory tract disorders of adult sheep. Small Ruminant Research 180: 100-105.
Müller, W.; Schlegel, F.; Haase, H. & Haase, G. 1988. Zum angeborenen Nabelbruch beim kalb. Monatshefte Für Veterinärmedizin 43: 161-163.
Musa, N.O.; Babiker, A.; El Sanousi, S.M. & Eltom, K. 2007. Outbreak of Morel’s disease (sheep abscess disease) in the Sudan. Book of Abstracts of Tropentag. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, 43 p.
Nazhvani Dehghani, S. & Nasrollahy, M. 2006. Autogenous skin transplant for repair of traumatic ventral hernia in sheep. Veterinarski Arhiv 76: 269-274.
Onoja, I.I.; Ajani, A.J.; Mshelia, W.P.; Andrew, A.; Ogunkoya, A.B.; Achi, C.R.; Sambo, K.W. 2008. Brucellosis outbreak in a flock of seventeen sheep in Zaria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 7(2): 58-60
Pugh, D.G. & Baird, A.N. 2012. Sheep and goat medicine. Saunders. Elsevier Inc., Missouri.
Radišić, B.; Capak, D.; Matičić, D.; Harapin, I.; Kos, J.; Babić, T. & Nedeljković, G. 2010. Surgical treatment of a unilateral scrotal hernia in a ram-a case report. Veterinarski Arhiv 80: 145-154.
Roberts, S.J. 1988. Scrotal hernia in rams. A case report. The Cornell veterinarian 78: 351-352.
Saïd, B.; Maitigue, B.; Benzarti, M.; Messadi, L.; Rejeb, A. & Amara, A. 2002. Epidemiological and clinical studies of ovine caseous lymphadenitis. Archives de L’institut Pasteur de Tunis 79: 51-57.
Santos, L.M.; Stanisic, D.; Menezes, U.J.; Mendonça, M.A.; Barral, T.D.; Seyffert, N.; Azevedo, V.; Durán, N.; Meyer, R. & Tasic, L. 2019. Biogenic silver nanoparticles as a post-surgical treatment for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in small ruminants. Frontiers In Microbiology 10: 824.
Schoenian, S. 2012. Sheep 201: A beginner’s guide to raising sheep. Sheep.
Sharp, M. 2011. Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. JANUVIA®(sitagliptin) tablets. Prescribing information. April.
Sigirci, B.D.; Alabas, B.; Halac, B.; Yuksel, H.T. & Ikiz, S. 2019. An abscess caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a Budgett’s frog (Lepidobatrachus laevis): a case report. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 31: 57-60.
Singh, A.P.; Eshoue, S.M.; Rifat, J.F.; Falehea, N.G. 1989. Hernia in animals. A review of 59 cases. Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery 10: 28-31.
Walton, M.; Roestenburg, M.; Hallwright, S. & Sutherland, J.C. 1986. Effects of ice packs on tissue temperatures at various depths before and after quadriceps hematoma: studies using sheep. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 8: 294-300.
West, D. 1983. A study of naturally occurring cases of ovine foot abscess in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 31: 152-156.
Williamson, L.H. 2001. Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants. Veterinary clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 17: 359-371.
Yeruham I., Perl S. 1999. Case report: umbilical foreign-body granuloma in a lamb. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 112: 44-45.
Zaitoun, A.M. & Ali, H.S. 1999. Clinical and experimental studies of pseudotuberculosis on a multiple-ages sheep and goats flock with control trials via treatment and BCG-vaccination. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 42: 239-259.
Zaitoun, A.M. & Bayoumi, A.H. 1994. Some epidemiological studies on ovine pseudotuberculosis. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 31: 238-238.
References
Aitken, I. 2008. Diseases of sheep. John Wiley & Sons. 609 p.
Al-Gaabary, M.H.; Osman, S.A. & Oreiby, A.F. 2009. Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats: Clinical, epidemiological and preventive studies. Small Ruminant Research 87: 116-121.
Ali, M.M. & Youssef, H.A. 2007. Surgical management of congenital malformations in ruminants. Priory Lodge Education Limited.
Al-Sobayil, F.A. & Ahmed, A.F. 2007. Surgical treatment for different forms of hernias in sheep and goats. Journal of Veterinary Science 8: 185-191.
Alves, J.R.A.; de Farias, A.E.M.; Dos Anjos, D.M.; Lima, A.M.C.; Faccioli-Martins, P.Y.; de Souza, C.J.H.; Pinheiro, R.R.; Alves, F.S.F.; de Azevedo, S.S. & Alves, C.J. 2020. Seroepidemiological study of Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep from the Northeast region of Brazil using an indirect ELISA. Tropical Animal Health and Production 1-8.
Anderson, D.E. 2004. Surgical diseases of the neonate. Medecin Veterinaire Du Quebec 34: 12-12.
Baird, G.; Synge, B. & Dercksen, D. 2004. Survey of caseous lymphadenitis seroprevalence in British terminal sire sheep breeds. The Veterinary Record 154: 505-506.
Baird, G.J. & Fontaine, M.C. 2007. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its role in ovine caseous lymphadenitis. Journal of Comparative Pathology 137: 179-210.
Barral, T.D.; Mariutti, R.B.; Arni, R.K.; Santos, A.J.; Loureiro, D.; Sokolonski. A.R.; Azevedo, V.; Borsuk, S.; Meyer, R. & Portela, R.D. 2019. A panel of recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep. Microbial Biotechnology 12: 1313-1323.
Belchior, E.; Graciela, S.; Abalos, M.A.; Mas, M.; Clapera, E.; Gallardo, A.A. & Alvarez, L.A. 2011. Prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep in Argentina (Patagonia). Online Journal of Veterinary Research 15: 211-214.
Belschner, H.G. 1976. Sheep management and diseases. Angus & Robertson.
Benincasa, N.C.; Sakamoto, K.S.; da Silva, I.J.O. & Lobos, C.M.V. 2020. Animal welfare: impacts of pre-slaughter operations on the current poultry industry. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 8: 104-110.
Braun, W.F. & Cole, W.J. 1985. Unilateral scrotal hernia repair in a ram lamb. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187: 500-500.
Distl, O.; Herrmann, R.; Utz J, Doll, K. & Rosenberger, E. 2002. Inheritance of congenital umbilical hernia in German Fleckvieh. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 119: 264-273.
Farman, R.H.; Al-Husseiny, S.H. & Abd Al-Ameer, A.N. 2018. Surgical treatment of hernia in cattle: A review. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 17: 61-68.
Frank, E.R. 1964. Veterinary Surgery. Burgess Publishing Company. 302 p.
Gascoigne, E.; Ogden, N.; Lovatt, F. & Davies, P. 2020. Update on caseous lymphadenitis in sheep. In Practice 42: 105-114.
Guimarães, A.S.; Seyffert, N.; Bastos, B.L.; Portela, R.W.D.; Meyer, R.; Carmo, F.B.; Cruz, J.C.M.; McCulloch, J.A.; Lage, A.P. & Heinemann, M.B. 2009. Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep flocks of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: prevalence and management surveys. Small Ruminant Research 87: 86-91.
Henderson, D.C. 1990. Veterinary book for sheep farmers. Farming Press Books.
Herrmann, R.; Utz, J.; Rosenberger, E.; Doll, K. & Distl, O. 2001. Risk factors for congenital umbilical hernia in German Fleckvieh. The Veterinary Journal 162: 233-240.
Kaler, J. & Green, L.E. 2006. Can farmers identify and name the most common foot lesions in sheep? 2006.
Kuria, J.K. & Holstad, G. 1989. A seroepidemiological investigation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep flocks in southern Norway. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 30: 107.
Lacasta, D.; Fernández, A.; González, J.M.; Ramos, J.J.; Ortín, A. & Ferrer, L.M. 2019 Gangrenous pneumonia, ovine respiratory complex and visceral form of caseous lymphadenitis: Relevance in lower respiratory tract disorders of adult sheep. Small Ruminant Research 180: 100-105.
Müller, W.; Schlegel, F.; Haase, H. & Haase, G. 1988. Zum angeborenen Nabelbruch beim kalb. Monatshefte Für Veterinärmedizin 43: 161-163.
Musa, N.O.; Babiker, A.; El Sanousi, S.M. & Eltom, K. 2007. Outbreak of Morel’s disease (sheep abscess disease) in the Sudan. Book of Abstracts of Tropentag. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, 43 p.
Nazhvani Dehghani, S. & Nasrollahy, M. 2006. Autogenous skin transplant for repair of traumatic ventral hernia in sheep. Veterinarski Arhiv 76: 269-274.
Onoja, I.I.; Ajani, A.J.; Mshelia, W.P.; Andrew, A.; Ogunkoya, A.B.; Achi, C.R.; Sambo, K.W. 2008. Brucellosis outbreak in a flock of seventeen sheep in Zaria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 7(2): 58-60
Pugh, D.G. & Baird, A.N. 2012. Sheep and goat medicine. Saunders. Elsevier Inc., Missouri.
Radišić, B.; Capak, D.; Matičić, D.; Harapin, I.; Kos, J.; Babić, T. & Nedeljković, G. 2010. Surgical treatment of a unilateral scrotal hernia in a ram-a case report. Veterinarski Arhiv 80: 145-154.
Roberts, S.J. 1988. Scrotal hernia in rams. A case report. The Cornell veterinarian 78: 351-352.
Saïd, B.; Maitigue, B.; Benzarti, M.; Messadi, L.; Rejeb, A. & Amara, A. 2002. Epidemiological and clinical studies of ovine caseous lymphadenitis. Archives de L’institut Pasteur de Tunis 79: 51-57.
Santos, L.M.; Stanisic, D.; Menezes, U.J.; Mendonça, M.A.; Barral, T.D.; Seyffert, N.; Azevedo, V.; Durán, N.; Meyer, R. & Tasic, L. 2019. Biogenic silver nanoparticles as a post-surgical treatment for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in small ruminants. Frontiers In Microbiology 10: 824.
Schoenian, S. 2012. Sheep 201: A beginner’s guide to raising sheep. Sheep.
Sharp, M. 2011. Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. JANUVIA®(sitagliptin) tablets. Prescribing information. April.
Sigirci, B.D.; Alabas, B.; Halac, B.; Yuksel, H.T. & Ikiz, S. 2019. An abscess caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a Budgett’s frog (Lepidobatrachus laevis): a case report. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 31: 57-60.
Singh, A.P.; Eshoue, S.M.; Rifat, J.F.; Falehea, N.G. 1989. Hernia in animals. A review of 59 cases. Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery 10: 28-31.
Walton, M.; Roestenburg, M.; Hallwright, S. & Sutherland, J.C. 1986. Effects of ice packs on tissue temperatures at various depths before and after quadriceps hematoma: studies using sheep. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 8: 294-300.
West, D. 1983. A study of naturally occurring cases of ovine foot abscess in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 31: 152-156.
Williamson, L.H. 2001. Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants. Veterinary clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 17: 359-371.
Yeruham I., Perl S. 1999. Case report: umbilical foreign-body granuloma in a lamb. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 112: 44-45.
Zaitoun, A.M. & Ali, H.S. 1999. Clinical and experimental studies of pseudotuberculosis on a multiple-ages sheep and goats flock with control trials via treatment and BCG-vaccination. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 42: 239-259.
Zaitoun, A.M. & Bayoumi, A.H. 1994. Some epidemiological studies on ovine pseudotuberculosis. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 31: 238-238.
Al-Gaabary, M.H.; Osman, S.A. & Oreiby, A.F. 2009. Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep and goats: Clinical, epidemiological and preventive studies. Small Ruminant Research 87: 116-121.
Ali, M.M. & Youssef, H.A. 2007. Surgical management of congenital malformations in ruminants. Priory Lodge Education Limited.
Al-Sobayil, F.A. & Ahmed, A.F. 2007. Surgical treatment for different forms of hernias in sheep and goats. Journal of Veterinary Science 8: 185-191.
Alves, J.R.A.; de Farias, A.E.M.; Dos Anjos, D.M.; Lima, A.M.C.; Faccioli-Martins, P.Y.; de Souza, C.J.H.; Pinheiro, R.R.; Alves, F.S.F.; de Azevedo, S.S. & Alves, C.J. 2020. Seroepidemiological study of Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep from the Northeast region of Brazil using an indirect ELISA. Tropical Animal Health and Production 1-8.
Anderson, D.E. 2004. Surgical diseases of the neonate. Medecin Veterinaire Du Quebec 34: 12-12.
Baird, G.; Synge, B. & Dercksen, D. 2004. Survey of caseous lymphadenitis seroprevalence in British terminal sire sheep breeds. The Veterinary Record 154: 505-506.
Baird, G.J. & Fontaine, M.C. 2007. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and its role in ovine caseous lymphadenitis. Journal of Comparative Pathology 137: 179-210.
Barral, T.D.; Mariutti, R.B.; Arni, R.K.; Santos, A.J.; Loureiro, D.; Sokolonski. A.R.; Azevedo, V.; Borsuk, S.; Meyer, R. & Portela, R.D. 2019. A panel of recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep. Microbial Biotechnology 12: 1313-1323.
Belchior, E.; Graciela, S.; Abalos, M.A.; Mas, M.; Clapera, E.; Gallardo, A.A. & Alvarez, L.A. 2011. Prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep in Argentina (Patagonia). Online Journal of Veterinary Research 15: 211-214.
Belschner, H.G. 1976. Sheep management and diseases. Angus & Robertson.
Benincasa, N.C.; Sakamoto, K.S.; da Silva, I.J.O. & Lobos, C.M.V. 2020. Animal welfare: impacts of pre-slaughter operations on the current poultry industry. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology 8: 104-110.
Braun, W.F. & Cole, W.J. 1985. Unilateral scrotal hernia repair in a ram lamb. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 187: 500-500.
Distl, O.; Herrmann, R.; Utz J, Doll, K. & Rosenberger, E. 2002. Inheritance of congenital umbilical hernia in German Fleckvieh. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 119: 264-273.
Farman, R.H.; Al-Husseiny, S.H. & Abd Al-Ameer, A.N. 2018. Surgical treatment of hernia in cattle: A review. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 17: 61-68.
Frank, E.R. 1964. Veterinary Surgery. Burgess Publishing Company. 302 p.
Gascoigne, E.; Ogden, N.; Lovatt, F. & Davies, P. 2020. Update on caseous lymphadenitis in sheep. In Practice 42: 105-114.
Guimarães, A.S.; Seyffert, N.; Bastos, B.L.; Portela, R.W.D.; Meyer, R.; Carmo, F.B.; Cruz, J.C.M.; McCulloch, J.A.; Lage, A.P. & Heinemann, M.B. 2009. Caseous lymphadenitis in sheep flocks of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: prevalence and management surveys. Small Ruminant Research 87: 86-91.
Henderson, D.C. 1990. Veterinary book for sheep farmers. Farming Press Books.
Herrmann, R.; Utz, J.; Rosenberger, E.; Doll, K. & Distl, O. 2001. Risk factors for congenital umbilical hernia in German Fleckvieh. The Veterinary Journal 162: 233-240.
Kaler, J. & Green, L.E. 2006. Can farmers identify and name the most common foot lesions in sheep? 2006.
Kuria, J.K. & Holstad, G. 1989. A seroepidemiological investigation of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep flocks in southern Norway. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 30: 107.
Lacasta, D.; Fernández, A.; González, J.M.; Ramos, J.J.; Ortín, A. & Ferrer, L.M. 2019 Gangrenous pneumonia, ovine respiratory complex and visceral form of caseous lymphadenitis: Relevance in lower respiratory tract disorders of adult sheep. Small Ruminant Research 180: 100-105.
Müller, W.; Schlegel, F.; Haase, H. & Haase, G. 1988. Zum angeborenen Nabelbruch beim kalb. Monatshefte Für Veterinärmedizin 43: 161-163.
Musa, N.O.; Babiker, A.; El Sanousi, S.M. & Eltom, K. 2007. Outbreak of Morel’s disease (sheep abscess disease) in the Sudan. Book of Abstracts of Tropentag. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, 43 p.
Nazhvani Dehghani, S. & Nasrollahy, M. 2006. Autogenous skin transplant for repair of traumatic ventral hernia in sheep. Veterinarski Arhiv 76: 269-274.
Onoja, I.I.; Ajani, A.J.; Mshelia, W.P.; Andrew, A.; Ogunkoya, A.B.; Achi, C.R.; Sambo, K.W. 2008. Brucellosis outbreak in a flock of seventeen sheep in Zaria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 7(2): 58-60
Pugh, D.G. & Baird, A.N. 2012. Sheep and goat medicine. Saunders. Elsevier Inc., Missouri.
Radišić, B.; Capak, D.; Matičić, D.; Harapin, I.; Kos, J.; Babić, T. & Nedeljković, G. 2010. Surgical treatment of a unilateral scrotal hernia in a ram-a case report. Veterinarski Arhiv 80: 145-154.
Roberts, S.J. 1988. Scrotal hernia in rams. A case report. The Cornell veterinarian 78: 351-352.
Saïd, B.; Maitigue, B.; Benzarti, M.; Messadi, L.; Rejeb, A. & Amara, A. 2002. Epidemiological and clinical studies of ovine caseous lymphadenitis. Archives de L’institut Pasteur de Tunis 79: 51-57.
Santos, L.M.; Stanisic, D.; Menezes, U.J.; Mendonça, M.A.; Barral, T.D.; Seyffert, N.; Azevedo, V.; Durán, N.; Meyer, R. & Tasic, L. 2019. Biogenic silver nanoparticles as a post-surgical treatment for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in small ruminants. Frontiers In Microbiology 10: 824.
Schoenian, S. 2012. Sheep 201: A beginner’s guide to raising sheep. Sheep.
Sharp, M. 2011. Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. JANUVIA®(sitagliptin) tablets. Prescribing information. April.
Sigirci, B.D.; Alabas, B.; Halac, B.; Yuksel, H.T. & Ikiz, S. 2019. An abscess caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a Budgett’s frog (Lepidobatrachus laevis): a case report. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 31: 57-60.
Singh, A.P.; Eshoue, S.M.; Rifat, J.F.; Falehea, N.G. 1989. Hernia in animals. A review of 59 cases. Indian Society for Veterinary Surgery 10: 28-31.
Walton, M.; Roestenburg, M.; Hallwright, S. & Sutherland, J.C. 1986. Effects of ice packs on tissue temperatures at various depths before and after quadriceps hematoma: studies using sheep. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 8: 294-300.
West, D. 1983. A study of naturally occurring cases of ovine foot abscess in New Zealand. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 31: 152-156.
Williamson, L.H. 2001. Caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants. Veterinary clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 17: 359-371.
Yeruham I., Perl S. 1999. Case report: umbilical foreign-body granuloma in a lamb. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 112: 44-45.
Zaitoun, A.M. & Ali, H.S. 1999. Clinical and experimental studies of pseudotuberculosis on a multiple-ages sheep and goats flock with control trials via treatment and BCG-vaccination. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 42: 239-259.
Zaitoun, A.M. & Bayoumi, A.H. 1994. Some epidemiological studies on ovine pseudotuberculosis. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 31: 238-238.