Main Article Content

Abstract

The systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the freshwater catfishes of Iran are described, the species are illustrated, and a bibliography on these fishes is provided. There are four families with four genera and six species, one of which is an exotic; the family Bagridae with one genus and species, Mystus pelusius in the Persian Gulf, Hormuz and Tigris River basins; the family Heteropneustidae with one genus and species, Heteropneustes fossilis in the Tigris River basin; the family Siluridae with one genus and two species, Silurus glanis in the Caspian Sea, Lake Orumiyeh and Hari River basins and Silurus triostegus in the Tigris River basin; and the family Sisoridae with one genus and two species, Glyptothorax kurdistanicus in the Tigris River basin and Glyptothorax silviae in the Persian Gulf and Tigris River basins. There are also some species in the neighboring regions which were not reported from Iran.

Keywords

Bagridae Biology Heteropneustidae Morphology Siluridae Sisoridae.

Article Details

How to Cite
COAD, B. W. (2015). Review of the Freshwater Catfishes of Iran (Order Siluriformes). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 1(4), 218–257. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v1i4.6

References

    Abbasi, K.; Valipour, A.; Talebi Haghighi, D.; Sarpanah, A. & Nezami, Sh. 1999. Atlas of Iranian Fishes. Gilan Inland Waters. Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Rasht. vi+113 pp. In Farsi.
    Abbasi, K. & Valipour, A.R. 2005. Studying the Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758 food items in Anzali lagoon. Pajouhesh va Sazandegi 17(1)(66): 14-24. In Farsi.
    Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature & Wildlife, Tehran. 378 pp. In Farsi.
    Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 2009. Biodiversity of Fishes of the Southern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publications, Tehran. 243 pp. In Farsi.
    Abdurakhmanov, Yu. A. 1962. Ryby Presnykh vod Azerbaidzhana [Freshwater Fishes of Azerbaidzhan]. Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Baku. 407 pp.
    Al-Abood, A.Y. 1989. Studies on the blood haemoglobin and haematocrit of the silurid fish, Silurus triostegus in relation to weight. Rivista di Idrobiologia 28(3): 255-259.
    Al-Badri, M.I.; Yesser, A.K.T. & Al-Habbib, F.M.K. 1993. Chemical composition and nutritive value of the Iraqi fish. I. Chemical composition and nutritive value of cat fish Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843). Marina Mesopotamica 6(1)(1991): 92-100. In Arabic.
    Al-Daham, N.K. & Al-Seyab, A.A. 2001. Reproductive biology of the silurid catfish Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 in Lake Hammar, southern Iraq. Marina Mesopotamica 16(1): 47-58.
    Al-Daham, N.K. & Bhatti, M.N. 1977. Salinity tolerance of Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard) and Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Journal of Fish Biology 11: 309-313.
    Al-Daham, N.K.; Sarker, A.L. & Bhatti, M.N. 1977. Diel patterns of feeding in Heteropneustes fossilis from southern Iraq. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 106(6): 614-616.
    Al-Habbib, F.M.K.; Yousif, U.H. & Yesser, K.T. 1993. Some physiochemical characteristics and yield of edible portion of Silurus triostegus. Marina Mesopotamica 6(1)(1991): 126-132. In Arabic.
    Al-Hassan, L.A.J.; Al-Daham, N.K. & Hassan, S.S. 1991. Eye lens as an age indicator in Mystus pelusius (Bagridae). Cybium 15(2): 171-172.
    Al-Hassan, L.A.J.; Al-Dubaikel, A.Y. & Wahab, N.K. 1992. Ocular lens diameter as an age indicator in two teleost fishes collected from Basrah waters (Iraq). Acta Hydrobiologica 34: 275-279.
    Al-Hassan, L.A.J.; Al-Dubaikel, A.Y.; Wahab, N.K. & Al-Daham, N.K. 1990. Asymmetry analysis in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis collected from Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq. Rivista di Idrobiologia 29(3): 775-780.
    Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Al-Sayab, A.A. 1994. Eye lens diameter as an age indicator in the catfish, Silurus triostegus. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 26(1): 81-82.
    Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Hassan, S.S. 1994. Asymmetry study in Mystus pelusius collected from Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq. Pakistan Journal of Zoology 26(3): 276-278.
    Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Muhsin, K.A. 1986. The presence of Barbus luteus and Heteropneustes fossilis in the Khor al Zubair, in the North-West of the Arabian Gulf. Zoology in the Middle East 1: 116-118.
    Aliev, D.S.; Sukhanova, A.I. & Shakirova, F.M. 1988. Ryby vnutrennikh vodoemov Turkmenistana [Fishes of the inland waters of Turkmenistan]. Ylym, Ashkhabad. 142 pp., 11 pls.
    Alipour, V.; Rahimi, B.M.R.; Falahchai, M.M. & Khara, H. 2007. Morphometric and feeding behaviour of Silurus glanis in Chamkhaleh River. Journal of Biology Science 1(2)(series no. 2): 93-105.
    Al-Rudainy, A.J. 2008. Atlas of Iraqi Fresh Water Fishes. Ministry of the Environment, Baghdad. 107 pp. In English and Arabic.
    Al-Shami, E.J.J. 1998. The biology of Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1793) in Garmat-Ali River, Basrah. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Basrah. In Arabic.
    Al-Shamma'a, A.A. 2005. The diet composition of three catfishes from Al-Hammar Marsh, Al-Fuhoud, Iraq. First Scientific Conference on the Rehabilitation of the Southern Iraq Marshes, 11-12 April 2005, Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah (abstract).
    Al-Shamma'a, A.A. & Jasim, Z.M. 1993. The natural food of Liza abu during the flood in Al-Hammar Marsh, south Iraq. Zoology in the Middle East 9: 59-64.
    Amini, M.; Mehranjalil, Z.; Tehrani, A.A. & Ghoreyshi, S.M. 2009. Study of pathological lesions of gastro-intestinal helminthes in catfishes (Silurus glanis) from Zarineh-Roud River. 1st International Congress on Aquatic Animal Health Management and Diseases, Tehran, 27-28 January 2009 (abstract).
    Amini Chermahini, M.; Bahrami, S.; Bakhshi, F.; Tahmasebi, A.H. & Shahrani, F. 2014. Growth, reproduction and feeding biology of an endemic sucker catfish, Glytopthorax silviae (Coad, 1981) (sic) (Actinoptyerygii: Sisoridae), in the Maroon River, Iran. International Journal of Aquatic Biology 2(1): 1-8.
    Andersskog, B. 1970. Report to the Government of Iran on fisheries activities in Iran with particular reference to the northern fisheries company. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, United Nations Development Programme, Technical Assistance, UNDP (TA) 2878: v+18 pp.
    Anonymous. 1977. Sport fishing in Iran. Homa, Iran Air In-Flight Magazine, September-October, p. 18-21.
    Anuradha, S. 1986. Contributions to the study of Bagrid fishes. 19. Systematic position of Macrones halepensis colvillii Hora & Misra, 1943, with description of a new species (Siluriformes, Bagridae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 93(2): 291-296.
    Anuradha, S. & Jayaram, K.C. 1985. Contributions to the study of bagrid fishes. 18. Redescription of Mystus pelusius Solander, the type species of the genus Mystus Scopoli. Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India 7(1): 107-111.
    Asadi, A.; Fatemi, M.; Eskandari, Gh. & Mohammadi, G. 2011. The study of fish assemblage in Howaizeh marshland in Iran. Journal of Wetland Ecobiology 2(6): 3-11.
    Ashoori, A. 2010. Breeding biology and success of the little egret Egretta garzetta in Karfestan Ab-bandan, Roudsar, Gilan Province, northern Iran. Podoces 5(1): 29-34.
    Bailey, R.M. 1951. The authorship of names proposed in Cuvier and Valenciennes' "Histoire Naturelle des Poissons". Copeia 1951(3): 249-251.
    Banister, K.E. 1980. The fishes of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, pp. 95-108. In: Rzóska, J., Euphrates and Tigris, Mesopotamian ecology and destiny. Monographiae Biologicae, 38: x+122 pp.
    Banister, K.E. & Clarke, M.A. 1977. The freshwater fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. Journal of Oman Studies, Special Report 1: 111-154, 1 map.
    Barzegar, M. & Jalali, B. 2009. Crustacean parasites of fresh and brackish (Caspian Sea) water fishes of Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology 11: 161-171.
    Barzegar, M.; Raeisi, M.; Bozorgnia, A. & Jalali, B. 2008. Parasites of eyes of fresh and brackish water fishes in Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, Shiraz University 9(3)(24): 256-261.
    Behmanesh, Sh.; Kamali, A.; Bahmani, M. & Borrani, M. 2009. Some biological characters of Silurus glanis L., 1758, for reproduction management in Anzali Lagoon. The 6th Scientific Conference of Fisheries Resources, 3-4 March 2009, Basrah, p. 118 (abstract).
    Berg, L. 1931. Description of a new siluroid fish, Glyptosternum kurdistanicum from the basin of the Tigris River. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR 7: 1267-1270. In English.
    Berg, L.S. 1918. Novyi vid somika, Glyptosternum armeniacum, iz basseina Evfrata [On a new siluroid fish, Glyptosternum armeniacum n. sp., from the upper Euphrates]. Izvestiya kavkazkago Muzeya, Tiflis 11(3-4): 145-148.
    Berg, L.S. 1936. Ryby basseina Atreka [Fishes of the Atreck basin]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR Trudy Soveta po Izucheniyu Proizvoditel'nykh Sil, Seriya Turkmenskaya 6: 241-253.
    Berg, L. S. 1948-1949. Freshwater fishes of the USSR and adjacent countries. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (1962-1965). 3 volumes.
    Berg, L.S. 1949. Presnovodnye ryby Irana i sopredel'nykh stran [Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR 8: 783-858.
    Berra, T.M. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. Academic Press, San Diego. xxxviii + 604 pp.
    Bhimachar, B. S. 1944. Poison glands in the pectoral spines of two catfishes, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Plotosus arab (Forsk), with remarks on the nature of their venom. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences B19: 65-70.
    Biro, P.; Al-Jafery, A.R. & Sadek, S.E. 1988. On stunted growth of Barbus luteus (Heckel) in river Diyala, Iraq. Journal of Biological Sciences Research, Baghdad 19(1): 129-147.
    Bornbusch, A.H. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships within the Eurasian catfish family Siluridae (Pisces: Siluriformes), with comments on generic validities and biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 115(1): 1-46.
    Caras, R.A. 1964. Dangerous to Man. Chilton Books, Philadelphia. xix + 433 pp.
    Cengiz, E.I.; Ünlü, E.; Bashan, M.; Satar, A. & Uysal, E. 2012. Effects of seasonal variations on the fatty acid composition of total lipid, phospholipid and triacylglicerol in the dorsal muscle of Mesopotamian catfish (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843) in Tigris River (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 12(1): 33-39.
    Ciepielewski, W.; Martyniak, A. & Szczerbowski, J. A. 2001. Ichthyofauna in the Dokan and Derbendikhan reservoirs. Archives of Polish Fisheries 9(supplement 1): 157-170.
    Coad, B.W. 1979. Poisonous and venomous freshwater fishes of Iran. Pahlavi Medical Journal 9(4): 388-407.
    Coad, B.W. 1996a. Zoogeography of the fishes of the Tigris-Euphrates Basin. Zoology in the Middle East 13: 51-70.
    Coad, B.W. 1996b. Exotic fish species in the Tigris-Euphrates basin. Zoology in the Middle East 13: 71-83.
    Coad, B.W. 1996c. Exotic and transplanted fishes in Southwest Asia. Publicaciones Especiales Instituto Español de Oceanografía 21: 81-106.
    Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement): 101-108. (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of European Ichthyologists (CEI-9) "Fish Biodiversity" organised in Naples at the University Federico II and held in Trieste - Italy, 24-30 August 1997).
    Coad, B.W. 2006. Endemicity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics, 1(1)(2005):1-13.
    Coad, B.W. 2010. Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 294 pp., 16 colour plates (Pensoft Series Faunistica 93).
    Coad, B.W. 2014. Fishes of Afghanistan. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow. 393 pp., 16 pls. (Pensoft Series Faunistica 111).
    Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1993. Exotic fish species in the fresh waters of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 9: 65-80.
    Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1996. Biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes. Abzeeyan 7(1): 4-10, IV. In Farsi, English abstract.
    Coad, B.W. & Delmastro, G. B. 1985. Notes on a sisorid catfish from the Black Sea drainage of Turkey. Cybium 9(3): 221-224.
    Coad, B.W. & Holčík, J. 2000. On Silurus species from Iran (Actinopterygii: Siluridae). Folia Zoologica, Prague 49(2): 139-148.
    Coad, B.W. & Krupp, F. 1983. Redescription of Barilius mesopotamicus Berg, 1932 a poorly known cyprinid fish from the Tigris-Euphrates basin. Cybium 7(1): 47-56.
    Daghigh Roohi, J., Sattari, M., Asgharnia, M. & Rufchaei, R. 2014. Occurrence and intensity of parasites in European catfish, Silurus glanis L., 1758 from the Anzali Wetland, southwest of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Croatian Journal of Fisheries 72(1): 25-31.
    Das, K.; Shukri, N.A. & Al-Nasiri, S.K. 1978. Production of protein concentrate from catfish. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science 13: 3-11.
    Datta Munshi, J.S. 1993. Structure and function of the air-breathing organs of Heteropneustes fossilis. Advances in Fish Research 1: 99-138.
    Datta Munshi, J.S. & Choudhary, S. 1996. Ecology of Heteropneustes Fossilis (sic)(Bloch). An Air-breathing Catfish of South East Asia. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi. x + 174 pp.
    Dawood, A.H. 1997. Food habit of Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 (Pisces, Siluriformes) from Al-Hammar Marsh, southern Iraq. Marina Mesopotamica 12(1): 75-85.
    De Mecquenem, R. 1908. Le lac d'Ourmiah. Annales de Géographie, Paris 17: 128-144.
    Derzhavin, A.N. 1934. Presnovodnye ryby yuzhnogo poberezh'ya Kaspiya. Vstuplenie [Freshwater fishes of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Introduction]. Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Otdeleniya Zakavkazskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii, Baku 7: 91-126.
    Dorooshi, G. 2012. Catfish stings: A report of two cases. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 17(6): 578–581.
    Eastwick, E.B. 1864. Journal of a Diplomate's Three Years' Residence in Persia. Smith, Elder & Co., London. 2 volumes, viii + 333 pp., vi + 339 pp.
    Eschmeyer, W.N. 1990. Catalog of the Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco. 697 pp. (and see website below).
    Eschmeyer, W.N.; Ferraris, C.J.; Hoang, M.D. & Long, D.J. 1996. A Catalog of the Species of Fishes. Preliminary version (Sept. 1996), http://www.calacademy.org/.
    Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2011. Pisces. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.). Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 26-38.
    Esmaeili, H.R. & Coad, B.W. 2005. Range extension for Mystus pelusius (Solander in Russell, 1794) (Actinopterygii: Bagridae) in southern Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 34: 112-114.
    Esmaeili, H.R. & Ebrahimi, M. 2006. Length-weight relationships of some freshwater fishes of Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 22: 328-329.
    Esmaeili, H.R.; Gholami, Z.; Nazari, N.; Gholamifard, A.; Shahryari, F.; Baghbani, S. & Ebrahimi, M. 2009. Karyotype analysis of an endemic sucker catfish, Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981 (Actinopterygii: Sisoridae), from Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 33(4): 409-412.
    Esmaeili, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Gholamifard, A.; Nazari, N. & Teimori, A. 2010. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Iran. Zoosystematica Rossica 19: 361–386.
    EsmaeilI, H.R.; Coad, B.W.; Mehraban, H.R.; Masoudi, M.; Khaefi, R.; Abbasi, K., MostafavI, H. & Vatandoust, S. 2014a. An updated checklist of fishes of the Caspian Sea basin of Iran with a note on their zoogeography. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(3): 152–184.
    Esmaeili, H.R.; Gholamifard, A.; Vatandoust, S.; Sayyadzadeh, G.; Zare, R. & Babaei, S. 2014b. Length-weight relationships for 37 freshwater fish species of Iran. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 30(5): 1073-1976.
    Farid-Pak, F. No date. Société anonyme des Pècheries (sic) iraniennes. Bank Melli Iran Press, Tehran. 10 pp.
    Firouz, E. 2000. A Guide to the Fauna of Iran. Iran University Press, Tehran. vi + 491 pp. In Farsi.
    Firouz, E. 2005. The Complete Fauna of Iran. I. B. Tauris, London. xiv + 322 pp.
    Floor, W. 2003. Agriculture in Qajar Iran. Mage, Washington. 692 pp.
    Fortunatova, K.P. 1961. Availability of sticklebacks as food for the predacious fishes of the Volga delta. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Translation Series 331: 1-18.
    Fricke, R.; Bilecenoglu, M. & Sari, H.M. 2007. Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 706: 169 pp.
    Gerami, M.H.; Abdollahi, D.; Patimar, R. & Abdolhahi, M. 2014. Length-weight relationship of two fish species from Cholvar River, westerrn Iran: Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks & Solander, 1794) and Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 30(1): 214-215.
    Ghane, A. 2013. The alien freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense (deHaan, 1849) in Iran: Advantages and disadvantages and ecological effects on Anzali Lagoon. Advanced Journal of Biological Sciences Research 1(003): 030-036.
    Grant, S. 2004. The striped catfishes of the genus Mystsus Scopoli, 1777 (Siluriformes: Bagridae). Cat Chat, The Journal of the Catfish Study Group 5(2): 5-17.
    Gruvel, A. 1931. Les États de Syrie. Richesse marines et fluviales. Exploitation actuelle - Avenir. Bibliothèque de la Faune des Colonies Françaises, Paris.
    Gudger, E.W. 1945. Is the giant catfish, Silurus glanis, a predator on man? The Scientific Monthly 61(6): 451-454.
    Günther, A. 1864. Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the Physostomi, containing the families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the collection of the British Museum 5: i-xxii + 1-455.
    Günther, A. 1874. A contribution to the fauna of the River Tigris. The Annals & Magazine of Natural History 4(14): 36-38, pl. VIII-IX.
    Günther, A. 1899. Fishes, pp. 381-391, pl. 23-24. In: Günther, R. T. Contributions to the natural history of Lake Urmi, N. W. Persia, and its neighbourhood. Journal of Zoology of the Linnaean Society 27: 345-453, pl. 21-30.
    Haig, J. 1952. Studies on the classification of the catfishes of the Oriental and Palaearctic Family Siluridae. Records of the Indian Museum 48(1950): 59-116.
    Halstead, B.W. 1967-1970. Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. Volume Two - Vertebrates. xxxi + 1070 pp., Volume Three - Vertebrates continued. xxv+1006 pp. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
    Haniffa, M.A.; Dhanaraj, M.; Ramakrishnan, C. M.; Sethuramalingam, T.A.; Singh, S.V.A.; Kumar, Y.A. & Manju, R.A. 2008a. Threatened fishes of the world: Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) (Cypriniformes: Saccobranchidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 82(2): 203-204.
    Haniffa, M.A.; Dhanaraj, M.; Ramakrishnan, C.M.; Sethuramalingam, T. A.; Singh, S.V.A.; Kumar, Y.A. & Manju, R.A. 2008b. Threatened fishes of the world: Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 82(2): 205.
    Hashemi, S.A.; Eskandary, Gh. & Sedaghat, S. 2012. Length-weight relationships of Silurus triostegus (Heckel, 1843) from Shadegan Wetland in Khuzestan Province (Iran). American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 12(10):1335-1338.
    Hashemi, S.A.R. & Ansary, H. 2012. Biomass and production of fish species in the Shadegan Wetland, Iran. Global Veterinaria 9(2): 123-128.
    Hashemi, S.A.R; Eskandary, Gh. & Ansary, H. 2012. Biomass of fish species in the Shadgean Wetland, Iran. Research Journal of Recent Sciences 1(1): 66-68.
    Heckel, J.J. 1843. Ichthyologie. In: Russegger, J. Reisen in Europa, Asien und Afrika, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die naturwissenschaftlichen Verhältnisse der betreffenden Länder, unternommen in den Jahren 1835 bis 1841 von Joseph Russegger. Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1(2): 991-1099, Taf. II-XIII.
    Heydarnejad, M.S. 2009. Length-weight relationships for six freshwater fish species in Iran. Chinese Journal of Oceanology & Limnology 27(1): 61-62.
    Holčík, J. & Oláh, J. 1992. Fish, fisheries and water quality in Anzali Lagoon and its watershed. Report prepared for the project - Anzali Lagoon productivity and fish stock investigations. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, FI:UNDP/IRA/88/001 Field Document 2: x + 109 pp.
    Hora, S.L. & Misra, K.S. 1943. On a small collection of fish from Iraq. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Science 9(1): 1-15.
    Hussain, N.A. & Ali, T. S. 2006. Trophic nature and feeding relationships among Al Hammer marsh fishes, southern Iraq. Marsh Bulletin 1(1): 9-18.
    Hussain, N.A.; Mohamed, A-R.M.; Al Noor, S.A.; Coad, B.W.; Mutlak, F. M.; Ibrahem, M.; Al-Sudani, I.M.; Mojer, A.M.; Toman, A.J. & Abdad, M.A. 2006. Species composition, ecological indices, length frequencies and food habits of fish assemblages of the restored southern Iraqi marshes. Report by the University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. 114 pp., 12 tables, 59 figures.
    Hussain, N.A.; Saoud, H.A. & Al Shami, E.J. 2008. Species composition and ecological indices of fishes in the restored marshes of southern Mesopotamia. Marsh Bulletin 3(1): 17-31.
    Hussein, S.A. 2000. Interaction between introduced exotics and native ichthyofauna and their impact on aquatic ecosystems, southern Iraq. Basrah Journal of Science B 18(2): 125-146.
    Hussein, S.A. & Al-Shami, E.J. 2001. Seasonal variations in dietary components of Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) from Garma canal, southern Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Science 14(2): 39-49.
    Islam, A.K.M.S.; Al-Nasiri, S.K. & Al-Kadhmoiy, N.K. 1982. Relationships of lengths (TL, SL, GL) and lengths to weight in Heteropneustes fossilis from Ashar Canal, Basrah, Iraq. Journal of Biological Sciences, Baghdad 13(2): 13-25.
    IUCN. 2013. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
    Jalali, B.; Shamsi, Sh. & Barzegar, M. 2005. Occurrence of Gyrodactylus spp. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from Iranian freshwater fishes. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 4(2): 19-30, 114.
    Jasim, M.A.; Al-Shatty, S.M.H. & Nueama, A.K. 2006. Monitoring the quality of Silurus triostegus (Heckel 1843) fresh and smoked stocked at room temperature. Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science 21(2): 271-299.
    Jasim, M.A.; Sahi, A.A. & Faris, J.A. 1988. Studies of the functional properties and composition of dried catfish Silurus glanis products. Marina Mesopotamica 3(1): 31-42.
    Jawad, L.A. 2003. Impact of environmental change on the freshwater fish fauna of Iraq. International Journal of Environmental Studies 60(6): 581-593.
    Jawad, L.A.; Hussein, S.A. & Fahad, K.K. 2009. Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931) (Pisces, Siluriformes, Sisoridae) in the lower reaches of the Tigris River, Iraq? Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25(6): 779-781.
    Jayaram, K.C. 1980. Aid to the identification of siluroid fishes of India, Burma, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh 4. Clariidae, Heteropneustidae, Chacidae and Olyridae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publications, Occasional Paper 23: 1-23.
    Jayaram, K.C. 2006. Catfishes of India. Narendera Publishing House, Delhi. xxii + 383 pp., 111 pls.
    Jayaram, K.C. & Anuradha, C. 1984. Contributions to the study of bagrid fishes. 17. The history and usage of the name "Mystus". Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India 6(1-3): 289-293.
    Jayaram, K.C. & Sanyal, A. 2003. A taxonomic revision of the fishes of the genus Mystus Scopoli (Family Bagridae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 207: iv + 136 pp., 5 plates.
    Jolodar, M.N. & Abdoli, A. 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Teheran.110 pp. In Farsi and English.
    Kaul, M. & Rishi, K.K. 1987. A case of forked caudal fin in Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Matsya 12 & 13: 183-184.
    Khalaf, A.N.; Allouse, S.B.; Al-Yamour, K.Y.; Al-Jafary, A.R. & Sadek, S.E. 1987. Food and feeding of the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) from a polluted river. Journal of Environmental Science and Health A22(5): 397-410.
    Khalaf, K.T. 1961. The marine and freshwater fishes of Iraq. Ar-Rabitta Press, Baghdad. 164 pp.
    Khara, H.; Nezami, S.A.; Sattari, M.; Mirhasheminasab, S.F. & Mousavi, S.A. 2006. An investigation on fish infection with Diplostomum spathecum in Amirkalayeh Wetland. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 14(4): 49-66. In Farsi.
    Khara, H.; Nezami, S.A.; Sattari, M.; Mirhasheminasab, S.F.A.D.; Mousavi, S.A. & Ahmadinezhad, M. 2007. A survey of wels (Silurus glanis) parasitical pollution of Amirkelayeh Wetland, Lahijan. Journal of Biology Science 1(1)(series no. 1): 11-24.
    Khara, H. & Sattari, M. 2014. Occurrence and intensity of parasites in Wels catfish, Silurus glanis L. 1758 from Amirkelayeh wetland, southwest of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Parasitic Diseases DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0591-7.
    Khodabandeh, S. & Shahriari Moghadam, M. 2007. Ultra-structure of ionocyte cells in gills of Silurus glanis of Mahabad Dam, Kordestan Province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 16(2): 51-62. In Farsi.
    Khodabandeh, S. & Taghizadeh, Z. 2006. Immunolocalization of Na+, K+-ATPase and ionocytes in the gills of catfish, Silurus glanis. Cell Journal (Yakhteh) 8(1): 45-52.
    Kiabi, B.H., Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 1999. Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian Basin of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 18: 57-65.
    Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg. 237 pp.
    Knipovich, N.M. 1921. Gidrologicheskie issledovaniya v Kaspiiiskom more v 1914-1915 g. [Hydrological investigations in the Caspian Sea in the years 1914-1915]. Trudy Kaspiiskoi Ekspeditsii, 1914-1915 gg., Petrograd 1: xxviii + 943 pp.
    Kobayakawa, M. 1989. Systematic revision of the catfish genus Silurus, with description of a new species from Thailand and Burma. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 36(2): 155-186.
    Kosswig, C. 1951. Contributions to the knowledge of the zoogeographical situation in the Near and Middle East. Experientia 7(2): 401-406.
    Kosswig, C. 1952. Die Zoogeographie der türkischen Süßwasserfische. Istanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiologi Araştirma Enstitüsü Yayınlarından, Seri B 1(2): 85-101.
    Kosswig, C. 1955a. Zoogeography of the Near East. Systematic Zoology 4: 49-73, 96.
    Kosswig, C. 1955b. Contributions to the historical zoogeography of African freshwater fishes. Istanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Hidrobiologi Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınlarından, Seri B 2(2/3): 83-91.
    Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. xiii + 646 pp.
    Krieg, F.; Estoup, A.; Triantafyllidis, A. & Guyomard, R. 1999. Isolation of microsatellite loci in European catfish, Silurus glanis. Molecular Ecology 8(11): 1964-1966.
    Krieg, F.; Triantafyllidis, A. & Guyomard, R. 2000. Mitochondrial DNA variation in European populations of Silurus glanis. Journal of Fish Biology 56(3): 713-724.
    Krupp, F. 1992. The karst springs of Ra's Al-Ain. Aqua Geõ-graphia 1(1): 26-33.
    Krylov, V.I. 1984. An estimate of the effect of the Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) on fish populations. Canadian Translation of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 5066: 15 pp.
    Lelek, A. 1987. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 9. Threatened Fishes of Europe. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden. 343 pp.
    Li, S. 1986. Systematics, distribution and evolution of Glyptothorax (Siluriformes: Sisoridae). In: Uyeno, T., Arai, R., Taniuchi, T. & Matsuura, K. (eds.).Indo-Pacific Fish Biology: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Indo-Pacific Fishes, Tokyo. pp. 521-528.
    Lönnberg, E. 1900. Contributions to the ichthyology of the Caspian Sea. Kunglica Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 26, IV(8): 3-38. Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti, St. Petersburg 16: 30-39.
    Lortet, L. 1883. Études zoologiques sur la Faune du Lac de Tibériade suivies d'un aperçu sur la faune des lacs d'Antioche et de Homs. I. Poissons et reptiles du lac de Tibériade et de quelques autres parties de la Syrie, p. 99-180. Poissons de Syrie recueillis par M. Ernest Chantre en 1881 pendant son mission scientifique en Mésopotamie, dans l'Armenie et le Kurdistan, p. 181-182. Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon 3: 99-182, plates vi-xviii.
    Machacek, H. 1983-2012. World Records Freshwater Fishing, www.fishing-worldrecords.com.
    Mahdi, A.A.; Faddagh, M.S.; Tuman, A.J. & Abdullah, T.A. 2005. Biochemical composition and caloric value of six freshwater fish species from the southern Iraqi marshes. First Scientific Conference on the Rehabilitation of the Southern Iraq Marshes, 11-12 April 2005, Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah (abstract).
    Mamedov, A.L. & Abbasov, G.S. 1990. Pitanie soma v prikurinskom raione yuzhnogo kaspiya [Feeding of catfish in the pre-Kura region of the southern Caspian Sea]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Seriya Biologischeskikh Nauk 1990(1): 65-67.
    Masoumian, M.; Pazooki, J.; Yahyazadeh, M. & Teymornezhad, A. 2005. Protozoan (sic) from fresh water fishes of North West Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 4(2): 31-42, 115.
    Menon, A.G.K. 1954. Fish geography of the Himalayas. Proceedings of the National Institute of Science of India 20(4): 467-493.
    Mihálik, J. 1982. Der Wels. Silurus glanis. A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg. 71 pp. (Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei, 209, 1995 Reprint).
    Mikaili, P. & Shayegh, J. 2011. An etymological review on fish common and scientific names in the Euphrates and Tigris. Research Journal of Fisheries & Hydrobiology 6(4): 412-423.
    Modaresi, R.; Mardani, K.; Tukmechi, A. & Ownagh, A. 2011. Prevalence of Listeria spp. in fish obtained from Urmia fish markets. African Journal of Microbiology Research 5(30): 5398-5401.
    Mokhayer, B. 1976. Fish diseases in Iran. Rivista italiana di Piscicoltura e Ittiopatologia 11(4): 123-128.
    Mortezaei, S.; Mobedi, I. & Farahnak, A. 2000. Infection of some species of fresh water fishes to parasitic worms in Khouzestan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 9(1): 25-36, 4. In Farsi.
    Najafpour, N. 1997. Identification of some freshwater fishes of Khuzestan Province. Fisheries Research Centre of Khuzestan Province, Iranian Fisheries Research and Training Organisation, Tehran. vi + 96 pp., 4 plates. In Farsi.
    Nedoshivin, A.Ya. & Iljin, B.S. 1929. Rybolovstvo v vodakh yuzhnogo Kaspiya (arendyemykh firmoi "Naslednikhi Lianozova") [Fisheries in the southern waters of the Caspian Sea (held by the firm "Lianozov Heirs"]. Trudy Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistva i Promyslovykh Issledovanii, Leningradskoe Otdelenie 1: 5-142.
    Nejatsanatee, A.R. 1994. Ameerkalaye Lagoon in Lahijan, Abzeeyan 5(1 & 2): 2-4, II-III. In Farsi.
    Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York. xix+601 pp.
    Nevraev, A.F. 1929. Yuzhnoe poberezh'e Kaspiya (raion persidskikh vod) [South Caspian Coast (Region of Persian Waters)]. Trudy Nauchnogo Instituta Rybnogo Khozyaistvo 4: 350-399.
    Nezami Balouchi, Sh. A.; Khara, H.; Rashidi, Sh. & Arefi, N. 2007. Diet of wels, Silurus glanis of Amirkelayeh Wetland of Lahijan. Iranian Journal of Biology 20(2): 295-306. In Farsi.
    Niazi, A.D. 1976. The Weberian system of Mystus pelusius (Solander) and Mystus colvilli (Gunther), Siluriformes. Bulletin of the Natural History Research Center, Baghdad 7(1): 42-90.
    Nümann, W. 1966. Limnologische Vorstudien zur fischereilichen Bewirtschaftung iranischer Stauseen und Fließgewässer. Zeitschrift für Fischerei und deren Hilfswissenschaften 14(5/6): 433-478.
    Orlova, E.L. 1988. Peculiarities of growth and maturation of the catfish, Silurus glanis, in the Volga Delta under regulated flow conditions. Journal of Ichthyology 28(3): 35-45.
    Orlova, E.L. & Popova, O.A. 1976. The feeding of predatory fish, the sheatfish, Silurus glanis, and the pike, Esox lucius, in the Volga Delta following regulation of the discharge of the river. Journal of Ichthyology 16(1): 75-87.
    Oymak, S.A.; Solak, K. & Ünlü, E. 2001. Some biological characteristics of Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 from Atatürk Dam lake (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology 25(2): 139-148.
    Pazooki, J. & Masoumian, M. 2012. Synopsis of the parasites in Iranian freshwater fishes. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 11(3): 570-589.
    Pethiyagoda, R. 1991. Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo. xiii + 362 pp.
    Petr, T. 1987. Observations on prospects for further inland fisheries development in Iran. A Mission report for the project Training in Coldwater Fish Culture. Technical Cooperative Programme, FAO, FI:TCP/IRA/6675, Field Document 2: vi + 71 pp.
    Pietschmann, V. 1913. Eine neue Glyptosternum-Art aus dem Tigris. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematische-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 50(8): 93-95.
    Por, F.D. 1987. The Levantine landbridge: historical and present patterns, p. 23-28. In: Krupp, F., Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.). Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 28, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden, 338 pp.
    Pourashouri, P.; Shabanpour, B.; Auburg, P.; Daghigh Rohi, J. & Shabani, A. 2009. An investigation of rancidity inhibition during frozen storage of wels catfish (Silurus glanis) fillets by previous ascorbic and citric acid treatment. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 44(8): 1503-1509.
    Pourashouri, P.; Shabanpour, B.; Daghigh Rohi, J. & Shabani, A. 2008a. Inhibitory effect of citric acid on rancidity of frozen catfish (Silurus glanis) cutlets. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 7(2 supplementary): 215-228.
    Pourashouri, P.; Shabanpour, B.; Daghigh Rohi, J. & Shabani, A. 2008b. Oxidative and hydrolytic rancidity of lipid on catfish (Silurus glanis) during frozen storage. Journal of Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources 15(4): 107-114. In Farsi.
    Pouyafar, A.R.; Mortazavi, S.J.; Babazadeh, D. & Sadeghi, A.R. 2013. Study on Lactobacillus of European cat fish (Silurus Glanis) (sic) intestine in Siahdarvishan River of Iran by PCR method. Cell Journal (Yakhteh) 15(supplement 1): 69.
    Ráb, P.; Karakousis, Y. & Peios, C. 1994. Karyotype of Silurus aristotelis with reference to the cytotaxonomy of the genus Silurus (Pisces, Siluridae). Folia Zoologia, Prague 43(1): 75-81.
    Raissy, M. & Ansari, M. 2012. Parasites of some freshwater fish from Armand River, Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 7(1): 73-79.
    Raissy, M.; Ansari, M.; Moumeni, M.; Goudarzi, M.A.; Sohrabi, H.R. & Rashedi, M. 2010. An epizootic of Ichthyophthiriasis among fishes in Armand River, Iran. Journal of Cell & Animal Biology 4(10): 151-153.
    Ratmuangkhwang, S.; Muiskasinthorn, P. & Kumazawa, Y. 2014. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of air sac catfishes of the Heteropneustes fossilis species complex (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 79(1): 82-91.
    Reshetnikov, Yu.S. 2002. Atlas presnovodnykh ryb rossii [Atlas of Russian Freshwater Fishes]. Nauka, Moscow. Volume 1: 1-379, Volume 2: 1-253.
    Riazi, B. 1996. Siah-Keshim. The Protected Area of Anzali Wetland. Department of the Environment, Tehran. 101 pp. In Farsi.
    Roberts, T.R. 1994. Systematic revision of Asian bagrid catfishes of the genus Mystus sensu stricto, with a new species from Thailand and Cambodia. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters 5(3): 241-256.
    Robins, C.R.; Bailey, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World Fishes Important to North Americans Exclusive of Species from the Continental Waters of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 21: viii+243 pp.
    Russell, A. 1794. Chap. III. of Fishes, pp. 207-219, pls. VI-VII. In: Vol. II. The Natural History of Aleppo, containing a description of the city, and the principal natural productions in its neighbourhood together with an account of the climate, inhabitants and diseases; particularly of the plague. Second Edition by P. Russell. London. Volume I: xxiv + 446 pp., Appendix (xxiii) + Errata (1 page); Volume II: v + 430 pp., + Appendix (xxxiv) + Index to both volumes (25 pp., not numbered) + Errata (1 page).
    Sahrhage, D. 1999. Fischfang und Fischkult im alten Mesoptamien. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main. 241 pp.
    Saiad Borani, M. 2001. The role of restocking bream for improvement of the natural stock. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 9(4): 27-38. In Farsi.
    Sal'nikov, V.B. 1995. Possible changes in the composition of the ichthyofauna after completion of the Karakum Canal in Turkmenistan. Journal of Ichthyology 35(7): 108-121.
    Sal'nikov, V.B. 1998. Anthropogenic migration of fish in Turkmenistan. Journal of Ichthyology 38(8): 591-602.
    Sattari, M.; Khara, H.; Nezami, S.; Roohi, J.D. & Shafii, S. 2005. Occurrence and intensity of some nematodes in the bonyfish species of the Caspian Sea and its basin. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 25(4): 166-178.
    Sayyadzadeh, G.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Vatandust, S. 2013. Infection of south sisorid catfish (Sisoridae: Glyptothorax silviae) with anchor worm Lernaea sp. (Lernaeidae) in Saimareh River, Ilam province. The First Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Isfahan University of Technology, 15-16 May 2013, p. 63 (abstract).
    Shakirova, F.M. & Sukhanova, A.I. 1994. Iktiofauna Turkmenistana (sostav i rasprostranenie) [Ichthyofauna of Turkmenistan (composition and distribution)]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenistana, Seriya Biologicheskikh Nauk 3(1993): 35-45.
    Shikhshabekov, M.M. 1978. The sexual cycles of the catfish, Silurus glanis, the pike, Esox lucius, the perch, Perca fluviatilis, and the pike-perch, Lucioperca lucioperca. Journal of Ichthyology 18(3): 457-468.
    Singh Kohli, M.P. & Goswami, U.C. 1987. Spawning behaviour of a freshwater air-breathing Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Matsya 12 & 13: 180-183.
    Singhkohli, M.P. & Goswami, U.C. 1987. Teratological manifestations in an air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Matsya 12 & 13: 188-192.
    Sohrabi, A. 1996. Esbeleh, the monster of the wetland. Shekar-o Tabiat, Tehran (42): 28-30. In Farsi.
    Tabiee, O.; Boustani, F. & Vatandoust, S. 2014. The ichthyofauna of the Beshar River in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, southwest Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 10(1): 29-35.
    Tabrez Nasar, S.S. 1993. Length-weight relationship of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Matsya 15 & 16: 94-99.
    Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Ansari, T.H. 2011. Micro-structure consideration of the adhesive organ in doctor fish, Garra rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Persian Gulf basin. Turkish Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 11(3): 407-411.
    Teimori, A.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Gholamhosseini, A. 2010. The ichthyofauna of Kor and Helleh River basins in southwest of Iran with reference to taxonomic and zoogeographic features of native fishes. Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 6(1): 1-8.
    Tekriwal, K.L. & Rao, A.A. 1999. Ornamental and Aquarium Fish of India. Kingdon Books, Waterlooville, England.144 pp.
    Triantafyllidis, A.; Krieg, F.; Cottin, C.; Abatzopoulos, T.J.; Triantaphyllidis, C. & Guyomard, R. 2002, Genetic structure and phylogeography of European catfish (Silurus glanis) populations. Molecular Ecology 11(6): 1039–1055.
    Ünlü, E. & Bozkurt, R. 1996. Notes on the catfish, Silurus triostegus (Siluridae) from the Euphrates River in Turkey. Cybium 20(3): 315-317.
    Ünlü, E.; Çiçek, T.; Değer, D. & Coad, B.W. 2011. Range extension of the exotic Indian stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) (Heteropneustidae) into the Turkish part of the Tigris River watershed. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27(1): 141-143.
    Ünlü, E.; Değer, D. & Çiçek, T. 2012. Comparison of morphological and anatomical characters in two catfish species, Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843 and Silurus glanis L., 1758 (Siluridae, Siluriformes). North-Western Journal of Zoology 8(1): 119-124.
    van den Eelaart, A. 1954. Report to the Government of Iraq on the Development of Inland Fisheries. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Report of the Expanded Technical Assistance Program 270: 42 pp.
    Vladykov, V.D. 1964. Report to the Government of Iran on the inland fisheries, especially of the Caspian Sea with special reference to sturgeon. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Report FAO/EPTA 1818: 51 pp.
    Yakhchali, M. & Tehrani, A-A. 2008. Histopathology finding due to helminths infections in the catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus 1758) from the River Zarrine-roud, Iran. Proceedings of the 5th Convention of Iranian Veterinary Clinicians, Ahvaz, Iran, p. 5.
    Yakhchali, M.; Tehrani, A-A. & Ghoreishi, M. 2012. The occurrence of helminth parasites in the gastrointestinal of catfish (Siluris glanis Linnaeus 1758) from the Zarrine-roud river, Iran. Veterinary Research Forum 3(2): 143-145.
    Zakaria, H. 1964. A catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) of medical importance invades Iraqi waters. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 6(n.s.)2: 48-55.
    Zonn, I.S.; Glantz, M.H.; Kostianoy, A.G. & Kosarev, A.N. 2009. The Aral Sea Encyclopedia. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. viii+290 pp.