Main Article Content
Abstract
The systematics, morphology, distribution, biology and economic importance of the bitterlings of Iran are described, the species is illustrated, and a bibliography on this fish in Iran is provided. There is a single species, Rhodeus amarus, found in the Caspian Sea basin and introduced to the Lake Urmia and Tigris River basins.
Keywords
Biology
Morphology
Rhodeus.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
Coad, B. W. (2019). Review of the bitterlings of Iran (Family Acheilognathidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 5(4), 257–266. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v5i4.321
References
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Abbasi, K.; Moradi, M.; Nikpoor, M.; Zahmatkesh, Y.; Mirzajani, A.; Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Abdoli, A.; Sayadrahim, M.; Mohammadidost, R.; Hoseinjani, A.; Zolfinezhad, K. & Ramzani, M. 2017. Study on distribution of fish species in Anzali Wetland and its rivers. The Fifth Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Islamic Azad University of Babol, 13-14 December 2017. pp: 642-648. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Moradkhah, S. & Sarpanah, A.N. 2007. Identification and distribution of fish fauna in Siahdarvishan River (Anzali Wetland basin). Pajouhesh va Sazandegi 19(1)(74): 27-39. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Salavatian, S.M. & Abdollapoor, H. 2005. Investigating fish diversity and distribution in the Mahabad-Chai River of the Lake Urmia basin, north-western Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(4): 75-94. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Valipour, A.; Talebi Haghighi, D.; Sarpanah, A. & Nezami, Sh. 1999. Atlas of Iranian Fishes. Gilan Inland Waters. Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Rasht. 113 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 2009. Biodiversity of Fishes of the Southern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publications, Tehran. 243 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A.; Naderi, M.; Foroughifrad, H. & Kiabi, B.H. 2014. Fish diversity and distribution in two protected rivers, Sardabrud and Chalus, southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 91-95.
Abdurakhmanov, Yu.A. 1962. Ryby Presnykh vod Azerbaidzhana [Freshwater Fishes of Azerbaidzhan]. Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Baku. 407 p.
Arai, R. 2011. Fish Karyotypes. A Check List. Springer, Tokyo. 340 p.
Banagar, G.R.; Kiabi, B.H.; Homayoonnezhad, I.; Piri, I. & Amirian, P. 2008. Biodiversity of fish species in Haraz River (an ecological approach). World Applied Sciences Journal 5(1): 5-11.
Bănărescu, P.M. 1999. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 5. Cyprinidae 2. Part I: Rhodeus to Capoeta. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 427 p.
Bektaş, Y.; Beldüz, A.O. & Turan, D. 2013. The phylogenetic position of Turkish population within the European bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae). Zoology in the Middle East 59(1): 39-50.
Bogutskaya, N.G. & Komlev, A.M. 2001. Some new data to morphology of Rhodeus sericeus (Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae) and a description of a new species, Rhodeus colchicus, from west Transcaucasia. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg 287: 81-97.
Bohlen, J.; Šlechtová, V.; Bogutskaya, N. & Freyhof, J. 2006. Across Siberia and over Europe: phylogenetic relationships of the freshwater fish genus Rhodeus in Europe and the phylogenetic position of R. sericeus from the River Amur. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(3): 856-865.
Chang, C.H.; Li, F.; Shao, K.T.; Lin, Y.S.; Morosawa, T.; Kim, S., Koo, H.; Kim, W., Lee, J.S.; He, S., Smith, C.; Reichard, M.; Miya, M.; Sado, T.; Uehara, K.; Lavoué, S.; Chen, W.J. & Mayden, R.L. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships of Acheilognathidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidea) as revealed from evidence of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence variation: evidence for necessary taxonomic revision in the family and the identification of cryptic species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81: 182-194.
Derzhavin, A.N. 1934. Presnovodnye ryby yuzhnogo poberezh'ya Kaspiya. Vstuplenie [Freshwater fishes of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Introduction]. Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Otdeleniya Zakavkazskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii, Baku 7: 91-126.
Eagderi, S. & Moradi, M. 2017. Range extension of the lake goby Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859 (Teleost (sic): Gobiidae) to Urmia Lake basin in northwestern Iran. Biharean Biologist 11(2): 123-125.
Eagderi, S. & Nasri, M. 2012. A first record of the Bittrling (sic) Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in the Iranian part of Tigris-Euphrates Basin. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 3(3): 639-641.
Eschmeyer, W. N., Ferraris, C. J., Hoang, M. D. & Long, D. J. 1996. A Catalog of the Species of Fishes. Preliminary version (Sept. 1996). www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/species.
Esmaeili, H. R., Mehraban, H., Abbasi, K., Eagderi, S., Keivany, Y. & Coad, B. W. 2017. Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status. Ir anian Journal of Ichthyology 4(Supplement 1): 1-114.
Esmaeili H.R., Sayyadzadeh G., Eagderi S., Abbasi K. (2018). Checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran. FishTaxa, 3(3): 1-95.
Fricke, R.; Bilecenoglu, M. & Sari, H. M. 2007. Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 706: 169 p.
Ghasemi, H., Jouladeh Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Abbasi, K., Vatandoust, S. & Esmaeili, H. R. 2015. Ichthyofauna of Urmia basin: Taxonomic diversity, distribution and conservation. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(3): 177-193.
Gholizadeh, M.; Khosozadeh, F. & Peyvandi, N. 2014. Study on faunistic of fish fauna in Kelarud River (Babol), (Mazandaran province). Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 2(1): 1-10. (In Farsi)
Holčík, J. & Duyvené de Wit, J.J. 1964. Systematic status of the bitterlings from Asia Minor and notes on the geographical variability of Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) in the area of its distribution. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig 169(3/4): 396-412.
Holčík, J. & Jedlička, L. 1994. Geographical variation of some taxonomically important characters in fishes: the case of the bitterling Rhodeus sericeus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 41(1-4): 147-170.
Holčík, J. & Oláh, J. 1992. Fish, fisheries and water quality in Anzali Lagoon and its watershed. Report prepared for the project Anzali Lagoon productivity and fish stock investigations. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, FI:UNDP/IRA/88/001 Field Document 2. 109 p.
IUCN. 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (www.iucnredlist.org/).
Jafari, S.S. & Rahmani, H. 2015a. Morphological variation in bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) in Tajan and Babolrud rivers, Mazandaran Province. The Third Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 6-7 May 2015, Abstract Booklet. 71 p.
Jafari, S.S. & Rahmani, H. 2015b. Some growth parameters of bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) in three rivers of southern Caspian Sea basin: Tajan, Siahrood and Babolrood. The Third Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 6-7 May 2015, Abstract Booklet. 72 p.
Jafari Kenari, S.S.; Rahmani, H.; Rahimi, G. & Farhadi, A. 2015. Determination of morphological diversity of wetlands and riverine populations of Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) using traditional and geometric methods. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 3(2): 13-28. (In Farsi)
Jolodar, M.N. & Abdoli, A. 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Teheran.110 p. (In Farsi)
Karimpour, M. 1998. The ichthyofauna of Anzali Lagoon. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 7(2): 83-94, 9. (In Farsi)
Kawamura, K.; Ueda, T.; Arai, R. & Smith, C. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships of bitterling fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Acheilognathinae), inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Zoological Science 31(5): 321-329.
Kiabi, B.H.; Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 1999. Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian Basin of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 18: 57-65.
Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg. 237 p.
Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava 52 (Supplement5): 1-271.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 p.
Lelek, A. 1987. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 9. Threatened Fishes of Europe. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden. 343 p.
Mirhashemi Nasab, S.F.; Omidvar, S.; Nosrati, M.; Daghigh Roohi, J.; Faeed, M.; Ghasemi, M. & Ramezani Aghele, B. 2017. Prevalence of Diplostomum parasite in some fish of the Anzali Wetland. The Fifth Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Islamic Azad University of Babol, 13-14 December 2017 (abstract).
Moradi, M. & Eagderi, S. 2014. First record of the lake goby Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859 from the Urmia Lake basin, Iran. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 7(2): 52-55.
Naseka, A.M. & Bogutskaya, N.G. 2009. Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list. Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 295-317.
Norouzi, M. & Abbasi, K. 2015. Study of some biological parameters and reproduction of bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) in Sefidrood River, Guilan Province. Journal of Aquatic Ecology, Hormozgan University 5(1): 88-94. In Farsi.
Norouzi Elahbaksh Mahalle, M.; Patimar, R.; Abbasi, K.; Golzariyanpour, K. & Bahalkeh, A. 2014. Comparative investigation of some growth characteristics of the bitterling (Rhodeus amarus Bloch, 1782) in aquatic ecosystems of Anzali lagoon and Siyahrood River. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 2(1): 11-22. (In Farsi)
Patimar, R.; Seifi, T.; Farahi, A. & Ezzati, M. 2010. Life history pattern of the bitterling Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) in Siahroud River (southern Caspian Sea-Iran). Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 10(1): 87-95.
Pipoyan, S.K. 1996. Bitterling Rodeus (sic) sericeus amarus, a new species in the fauna of Armenia. Journal of Ichthyology 36(8): 676-678.
Piri, I.; Nezhad, I.M. & Amirian, P. 2009. Investigation of fish species diversity in Haraz River. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (CBEE 2009), World Scientific Publishing, Singapore. pp: 323-328.
Robins, C.R.; Bailey, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 21: 243 p.
Sal'nikov, V.B. 1995. Possible changes in the composition of the ichthyofauna after completion of the Karakum Canal in Turkmenistan. Journal of Ichthyology 35(7): 108-121.
Sal'nikov, V.B. 1998. Anthropogenic migration of fish in Turkmenistan. Journal of Ichthyology 38(8): 591-602.
Smith, C.; Reichard, M.; Jurajda, P. & Przybylski, M. 2004. The reproductive ecology of the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus). Journal of Zoology, London 262(2): 107-124.
Stout, C.C.; Tan, M.; Lemmon, A.R.; Lemmon, E.M. & Armbruster, J.W. 2016. Resolving Cypriniformes relationships using an anchored enrichment approach. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 244.
Valizade, A.; Sattari, M.; Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Nasrollazade, A. & Ahmadnezhad, M. 2016. Sexual dimorphism in bitterling, Rhodeus amarus, Bloch, 1782, from Siahdarvishan River. The Fourth Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 20-21 July 2016 (abstract).
Van Damme, D.; Bogutskaya, N.; Hoffman, R.C. & Smith, C. 2007. The introduction of the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) to west and central Europe. Fish and Fisheries 8: 79-106.
References
Abbasi, K.; Moradi, M.; Nikpoor, M.; Zahmatkesh, Y.; Mirzajani, A.; Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Abdoli, A.; Sayadrahim, M.; Mohammadidost, R.; Hoseinjani, A.; Zolfinezhad, K. & Ramzani, M. 2017. Study on distribution of fish species in Anzali Wetland and its rivers. The Fifth Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Islamic Azad University of Babol, 13-14 December 2017. pp: 642-648. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Moradkhah, S. & Sarpanah, A.N. 2007. Identification and distribution of fish fauna in Siahdarvishan River (Anzali Wetland basin). Pajouhesh va Sazandegi 19(1)(74): 27-39. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Salavatian, S.M. & Abdollapoor, H. 2005. Investigating fish diversity and distribution in the Mahabad-Chai River of the Lake Urmia basin, north-western Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(4): 75-94. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Valipour, A.; Talebi Haghighi, D.; Sarpanah, A. & Nezami, Sh. 1999. Atlas of Iranian Fishes. Gilan Inland Waters. Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Rasht. 113 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 2009. Biodiversity of Fishes of the Southern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publications, Tehran. 243 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A.; Naderi, M.; Foroughifrad, H. & Kiabi, B.H. 2014. Fish diversity and distribution in two protected rivers, Sardabrud and Chalus, southern Caspian Sea basin, Iran. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(2): 91-95.
Abdurakhmanov, Yu.A. 1962. Ryby Presnykh vod Azerbaidzhana [Freshwater Fishes of Azerbaidzhan]. Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Baku. 407 p.
Arai, R. 2011. Fish Karyotypes. A Check List. Springer, Tokyo. 340 p.
Banagar, G.R.; Kiabi, B.H.; Homayoonnezhad, I.; Piri, I. & Amirian, P. 2008. Biodiversity of fish species in Haraz River (an ecological approach). World Applied Sciences Journal 5(1): 5-11.
Bănărescu, P.M. 1999. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 5. Cyprinidae 2. Part I: Rhodeus to Capoeta. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim. 427 p.
Bektaş, Y.; Beldüz, A.O. & Turan, D. 2013. The phylogenetic position of Turkish population within the European bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae). Zoology in the Middle East 59(1): 39-50.
Bogutskaya, N.G. & Komlev, A.M. 2001. Some new data to morphology of Rhodeus sericeus (Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae) and a description of a new species, Rhodeus colchicus, from west Transcaucasia. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg 287: 81-97.
Bohlen, J.; Šlechtová, V.; Bogutskaya, N. & Freyhof, J. 2006. Across Siberia and over Europe: phylogenetic relationships of the freshwater fish genus Rhodeus in Europe and the phylogenetic position of R. sericeus from the River Amur. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40(3): 856-865.
Chang, C.H.; Li, F.; Shao, K.T.; Lin, Y.S.; Morosawa, T.; Kim, S., Koo, H.; Kim, W., Lee, J.S.; He, S., Smith, C.; Reichard, M.; Miya, M.; Sado, T.; Uehara, K.; Lavoué, S.; Chen, W.J. & Mayden, R.L. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships of Acheilognathidae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinoidea) as revealed from evidence of both nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence variation: evidence for necessary taxonomic revision in the family and the identification of cryptic species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81: 182-194.
Derzhavin, A.N. 1934. Presnovodnye ryby yuzhnogo poberezh'ya Kaspiya. Vstuplenie [Freshwater fishes of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Introduction]. Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Otdeleniya Zakavkazskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii, Baku 7: 91-126.
Eagderi, S. & Moradi, M. 2017. Range extension of the lake goby Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859 (Teleost (sic): Gobiidae) to Urmia Lake basin in northwestern Iran. Biharean Biologist 11(2): 123-125.
Eagderi, S. & Nasri, M. 2012. A first record of the Bittrling (sic) Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) in the Iranian part of Tigris-Euphrates Basin. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 3(3): 639-641.
Eschmeyer, W. N., Ferraris, C. J., Hoang, M. D. & Long, D. J. 1996. A Catalog of the Species of Fishes. Preliminary version (Sept. 1996). www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/species.
Esmaeili, H. R., Mehraban, H., Abbasi, K., Eagderi, S., Keivany, Y. & Coad, B. W. 2017. Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status. Ir anian Journal of Ichthyology 4(Supplement 1): 1-114.
Esmaeili H.R., Sayyadzadeh G., Eagderi S., Abbasi K. (2018). Checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran. FishTaxa, 3(3): 1-95.
Fricke, R.; Bilecenoglu, M. & Sari, H. M. 2007. Annotated checklist of fish and lamprey species (Gnathostomata and Petromyzontomorphi) of Turkey, including a Red List of threatened and declining species. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 706: 169 p.
Ghasemi, H., Jouladeh Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Abbasi, K., Vatandoust, S. & Esmaeili, H. R. 2015. Ichthyofauna of Urmia basin: Taxonomic diversity, distribution and conservation. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(3): 177-193.
Gholizadeh, M.; Khosozadeh, F. & Peyvandi, N. 2014. Study on faunistic of fish fauna in Kelarud River (Babol), (Mazandaran province). Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 2(1): 1-10. (In Farsi)
Holčík, J. & Duyvené de Wit, J.J. 1964. Systematic status of the bitterlings from Asia Minor and notes on the geographical variability of Rhodeus sericeus (Pallas, 1776) in the area of its distribution. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig 169(3/4): 396-412.
Holčík, J. & Jedlička, L. 1994. Geographical variation of some taxonomically important characters in fishes: the case of the bitterling Rhodeus sericeus. Environmental Biology of Fishes 41(1-4): 147-170.
Holčík, J. & Oláh, J. 1992. Fish, fisheries and water quality in Anzali Lagoon and its watershed. Report prepared for the project Anzali Lagoon productivity and fish stock investigations. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, FI:UNDP/IRA/88/001 Field Document 2. 109 p.
IUCN. 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (www.iucnredlist.org/).
Jafari, S.S. & Rahmani, H. 2015a. Morphological variation in bitterling, Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) in Tajan and Babolrud rivers, Mazandaran Province. The Third Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 6-7 May 2015, Abstract Booklet. 71 p.
Jafari, S.S. & Rahmani, H. 2015b. Some growth parameters of bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) in three rivers of southern Caspian Sea basin: Tajan, Siahrood and Babolrood. The Third Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 6-7 May 2015, Abstract Booklet. 72 p.
Jafari Kenari, S.S.; Rahmani, H.; Rahimi, G. & Farhadi, A. 2015. Determination of morphological diversity of wetlands and riverine populations of Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) using traditional and geometric methods. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 3(2): 13-28. (In Farsi)
Jolodar, M.N. & Abdoli, A. 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Teheran.110 p. (In Farsi)
Karimpour, M. 1998. The ichthyofauna of Anzali Lagoon. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 7(2): 83-94, 9. (In Farsi)
Kawamura, K.; Ueda, T.; Arai, R. & Smith, C. 2014. Phylogenetic relationships of bitterling fishes (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Acheilognathinae), inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Zoological Science 31(5): 321-329.
Kiabi, B.H.; Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 1999. Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian Basin of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 18: 57-65.
Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg. 237 p.
Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava 52 (Supplement5): 1-271.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 p.
Lelek, A. 1987. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 9. Threatened Fishes of Europe. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden. 343 p.
Mirhashemi Nasab, S.F.; Omidvar, S.; Nosrati, M.; Daghigh Roohi, J.; Faeed, M.; Ghasemi, M. & Ramezani Aghele, B. 2017. Prevalence of Diplostomum parasite in some fish of the Anzali Wetland. The Fifth Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Islamic Azad University of Babol, 13-14 December 2017 (abstract).
Moradi, M. & Eagderi, S. 2014. First record of the lake goby Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859 from the Urmia Lake basin, Iran. Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 7(2): 52-55.
Naseka, A.M. & Bogutskaya, N.G. 2009. Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list. Zoosystematica Rossica 18(2): 295-317.
Norouzi, M. & Abbasi, K. 2015. Study of some biological parameters and reproduction of bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) in Sefidrood River, Guilan Province. Journal of Aquatic Ecology, Hormozgan University 5(1): 88-94. In Farsi.
Norouzi Elahbaksh Mahalle, M.; Patimar, R.; Abbasi, K.; Golzariyanpour, K. & Bahalkeh, A. 2014. Comparative investigation of some growth characteristics of the bitterling (Rhodeus amarus Bloch, 1782) in aquatic ecosystems of Anzali lagoon and Siyahrood River. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research 2(1): 11-22. (In Farsi)
Patimar, R.; Seifi, T.; Farahi, A. & Ezzati, M. 2010. Life history pattern of the bitterling Rhodeus amarus (Bloch, 1782) in Siahroud River (southern Caspian Sea-Iran). Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology 10(1): 87-95.
Pipoyan, S.K. 1996. Bitterling Rodeus (sic) sericeus amarus, a new species in the fauna of Armenia. Journal of Ichthyology 36(8): 676-678.
Piri, I.; Nezhad, I.M. & Amirian, P. 2009. Investigation of fish species diversity in Haraz River. Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (CBEE 2009), World Scientific Publishing, Singapore. pp: 323-328.
Robins, C.R.; Bailey, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 21: 243 p.
Sal'nikov, V.B. 1995. Possible changes in the composition of the ichthyofauna after completion of the Karakum Canal in Turkmenistan. Journal of Ichthyology 35(7): 108-121.
Sal'nikov, V.B. 1998. Anthropogenic migration of fish in Turkmenistan. Journal of Ichthyology 38(8): 591-602.
Smith, C.; Reichard, M.; Jurajda, P. & Przybylski, M. 2004. The reproductive ecology of the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus). Journal of Zoology, London 262(2): 107-124.
Stout, C.C.; Tan, M.; Lemmon, A.R.; Lemmon, E.M. & Armbruster, J.W. 2016. Resolving Cypriniformes relationships using an anchored enrichment approach. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 244.
Valizade, A.; Sattari, M.; Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Nasrollazade, A. & Ahmadnezhad, M. 2016. Sexual dimorphism in bitterling, Rhodeus amarus, Bloch, 1782, from Siahdarvishan River. The Fourth Iranian Conference of Ichthyology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 20-21 July 2016 (abstract).
Van Damme, D.; Bogutskaya, N.; Hoffman, R.C. & Smith, C. 2007. The introduction of the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) to west and central Europe. Fish and Fisheries 8: 79-106.
Abbasi, K.; Moradkhah, S. & Sarpanah, A.N. 2007. Identification and distribution of fish fauna in Siahdarvishan River (Anzali Wetland basin). Pajouhesh va Sazandegi 19(1)(74): 27-39. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Salavatian, S.M. & Abdollapoor, H. 2005. Investigating fish diversity and distribution in the Mahabad-Chai River of the Lake Urmia basin, north-western Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(4): 75-94. (In Farsi)
Abbasi, K.; Valipour, A.; Talebi Haghighi, D.; Sarpanah, A. & Nezami, Sh. 1999. Atlas of Iranian Fishes. Gilan Inland Waters. Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Rasht. 113 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 2009. Biodiversity of Fishes of the Southern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publications, Tehran. 243 p. (In Farsi)
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