Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction of alien parasitic nematodes to the wild fish species might result in a severe threat to native species biodiversity including native fish species and native parasitic fauna. In the present study, the invasive Asian nematode, Camallanus cotti (Nematoda: Camallanidae), has been reported for the first time in Giant Danio (Devario aequipinnatus) in the Cauvery river systems of Southern part of Western Ghats, India. The occurrence of this parasite in both aquarium-cultured fish as well as from the natural aquatic bodies dwelling fish is evident of the introduction of the alien organisms due to insufficient prophylactic measures during the transmission of non-native hosts between countries and also the spread of them by the anthropogenic introduction to natural systems.
Keywords
Nematoda
Alien parasites
Exotics
Freshwater
Asia.
Article Details
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The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
RAJA, M., KARTHIK RAJA, R., KAMARAJ, C., BALASUBRAMANIAN, V., KAVITHA, M., & PERUMAL, P. (2018). The first report of an alien parasitic nematode, Camallanus cotti isolated from the wild Giant danio fish, Devario aequipinnatus, (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from southern part of Western Ghats, India. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 5(3), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v5i3.282
References
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Alves, D.R.; Luque, J.L.; Paraguassú, A.R. & Marques, F.A. 2000. Ocorrência de Camallanus cotti (Nematoda: Camallanidae) parasitando o guppy Poecilia reticulata (Osteichthyes: Poeciliidae) no Brasil. Revista De Ciências Da Vida 22: 77-79.
Anderson, R.C. 2000. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates their development and transmission. 2nd Edition. CABI Publishing.
Arunachalam, M.; Johnson, J.A.; Sathyanarayanappa, S.N.; Sankaranarayanan, A. & Soranam, R. 2000. Cultivable and ornamental fishes from Hemavathi and Ekachi rivers, South Karnataka. In: Ponniah AG, Gopalakrishnan A. (Eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow. pp: 226-227.
Bauer, O.N. 1987. Key for determination of freshwater fish parasites of SSSR. Academy of science SSSR. Lenjingrad.
Campana-Rouget, Y.; Petter, A.J.; Kremer, M.; Molet, B. & Miltgen, F. 1976. Présence du nématode Camallanus fotedari dans le tube digestif de poissons d’aquarium de diverses provenances. Bulletin De l'Academie Veterinaire De France 49: 205-210.
Chen, C. 1973. An Illustrated Guide to the Fish Diseases and Causative Pathogenic Fauna and Flora in the Hubei Province. Science Press, Beijing, 456 p. (In Chinese)
Dogiel, V.A. & Akhmerov, A.K.H. 1959. Nematodes of fishes of the River Amur. Acta Hydrobiology Sinca 3: 272-304. (In Chinese and Russian)
Evans, B.B. & Lester, R.J.G. 2001. Parasites of ornamental fish imported into Australia. Bulletin European Association of Fish Pathologists 21: 51-55.
Font, W.F. & Tate, D.C. 1994. Helminth parasites of native Hawaiian freshwater fishes: an example of extreme ecological isolation. Journal of Parasitology 80: 682-688.
Fujita, T. 1927a. Parasitic nematodes of fish from Lake Biwa. Dobutsugaku Zasshi 39: 39-45. (In Japanese)
Fujita, T. 1927b. On new species of nematodes from fishes of Lake Biwa. Japanese Journal Zoology 1: 169-176.
Gopalakrishnan, A. & Ponniah, A.G. 2000. Cultivable, ornamental, sport and food fishes endemic to Peninsular India with special reference to Western Ghats. In: A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds), Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats, NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. pp: 13-32.
Kim. J.H. 2002. Nematode worm infections (Camallanus cotti, Camallanidae) in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) imported to Korea. Aquaculture 205: 231-235.
Levsen, A. & Berland, B. 2002a. The development and morphogenesis of Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 (Nematoda: Camallanidae), with notes on its phylogeny and definitive host range. Systematic Parasitology 53: 29–37.
Levsen, A. & Jakobsen, P.J. 2002. Selection pressure towards monoxeny in Camallanus cotti (Nematoda, Camallanidae) facing an intermediate host bottleneck situation. Parasitology 124: 625-629.
Levsen, A. 2001. Transmission ecology and larval behaviour of Camallanus cotti (Nematoda, Camallanidae) under aquarium conditions. Aquarium Science Conservation 3: 315-325.
Li. S.Y. 1941. On two new species of nematodes from China. Peking Natural History Bulletin 15: 195–199.
McMinn, H. 1990. Effects of the nematode parasite Camallanus cotti on sexual and non-sexual behaviors in guppy (Poeicilia reticulata). American Zoologist 30: 245-249.
Menezes, R.C.; Tortelly, R.; Tortelly-Neto, R.; Noronha, D. & Pinto, R.M. 2006. Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 (Nematoda, Camallanoidea) in ornamental aquarium fishes: pathology and morphology. Memoria’s do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 101: 683-687.
Mills, D. & Vevers, G. 1989. The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey.
Mitra, A.K.; Bandyopadhyay, P. & Gong, Y. 2013. Studies on Trichodinid and Chilodonellid Ciliophorans (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in the Indian freshwater and estuarine fishes with description of Trichodinella sunderbanensis sp. nov. and Trichodina nandusi sp. nov. Parasitology Research 112: 1077-1085.
Moravec, F. & Nagasawa, K. 1989. Observations on some nematodes parasitic in Japanese freshwater fishes. Folia Parasitology 36: 127-141.
Moravec, F. 1994. Parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Europe. Kluwer Academic Publishers. McClelland J. Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Researches 19: 217-471.
Noei, M.R.; Ibrahimov, S. & Sattari, M. 2015. Parasitic worms of the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 from the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(4): 287-295.
Pethiyagoda, R. 1994. Threats to the indigenous freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka and remarks on their conservation. Hydrobiologia 285: 189-201.
Petter, A.J.; Cassone, J. & France, B.M. 1974. Un nouveau nématode Camallanus pathogène dans des élevages de poissons exotiques. Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 49: 677-683.
Raina, M.K. & Dhar, R.L. 1972. On Camallanus fotedari n. sp. (Nematoda: Spiruridea) from the intestine of Nemachilus kashmirensis in Kashmir, India. Journal of Helminthology 46: 157-160.
Rainboth, W.J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome.
Raja, M.; Kavitha, M.; Ramkumar, R.; Anandhi, M. & Perumal, P. 2015. The ‘Giant Danio’ (Devario aequipinnatus) – Another model for diabetic retinopathy study: Induction of hyperglycemia and resultant retinal impairment. Endocrinology and Diabetes Research 1: 2.
Roytman, V.A. 1963. Nematodes of fishes of the Zeya River basin. Trudy GELAN 13: 253-300. (In Russian)
Stumpp, M. 1975. Untersuchungenzur Morphologie und Biologie von Camallanus cotti (Fujita, 1927) [sic]. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 46: 277-290.
Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. 1991. Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Ukwa, U.D.; Saliu, J.K. & Osibona, A.O. 2018. Combined effects of intestinal parasite infestation and extrinsic stress on the host gross energy in Malapterurus electricus (Teleostei: Malapteruridae) host-parasite system in the Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(1): 43-54
Vincent, A.G. & Font, W.F. 2003a. Host specificity and population structure of two exotic helminths, Camallanus cotti (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda), parasitizing exotic fishes in Waianu Stream, O’ahu, Hawai’i. Journal of Parasitology 89: 540-544.
Vincent, A.G. & Font, W.F. 2003b. Seasonal and yearly population dynamics of two exotic helminths, Camallanus cotti (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda), parasitizing exotic fishes in Waianu Stream, O’ahu, Hawaii. Journal of Parasitology 89: 756-760.
Yamaguti, S. 1935. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 9. Nematodes of fishes, Japanese Journal Zoology 6: 337-386.
Yamaguti, S. 1941. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 33. II. Nematodes of fishes. Japanese Journal Zoology 9: 343-396.
References
Alves, D.R.; Luque, J.L.; Paraguassú, A.R. & Marques, F.A. 2000. Ocorrência de Camallanus cotti (Nematoda: Camallanidae) parasitando o guppy Poecilia reticulata (Osteichthyes: Poeciliidae) no Brasil. Revista De Ciências Da Vida 22: 77-79.
Anderson, R.C. 2000. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates their development and transmission. 2nd Edition. CABI Publishing.
Arunachalam, M.; Johnson, J.A.; Sathyanarayanappa, S.N.; Sankaranarayanan, A. & Soranam, R. 2000. Cultivable and ornamental fishes from Hemavathi and Ekachi rivers, South Karnataka. In: Ponniah AG, Gopalakrishnan A. (Eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow. pp: 226-227.
Bauer, O.N. 1987. Key for determination of freshwater fish parasites of SSSR. Academy of science SSSR. Lenjingrad.
Campana-Rouget, Y.; Petter, A.J.; Kremer, M.; Molet, B. & Miltgen, F. 1976. Présence du nématode Camallanus fotedari dans le tube digestif de poissons d’aquarium de diverses provenances. Bulletin De l'Academie Veterinaire De France 49: 205-210.
Chen, C. 1973. An Illustrated Guide to the Fish Diseases and Causative Pathogenic Fauna and Flora in the Hubei Province. Science Press, Beijing, 456 p. (In Chinese)
Dogiel, V.A. & Akhmerov, A.K.H. 1959. Nematodes of fishes of the River Amur. Acta Hydrobiology Sinca 3: 272-304. (In Chinese and Russian)
Evans, B.B. & Lester, R.J.G. 2001. Parasites of ornamental fish imported into Australia. Bulletin European Association of Fish Pathologists 21: 51-55.
Font, W.F. & Tate, D.C. 1994. Helminth parasites of native Hawaiian freshwater fishes: an example of extreme ecological isolation. Journal of Parasitology 80: 682-688.
Fujita, T. 1927a. Parasitic nematodes of fish from Lake Biwa. Dobutsugaku Zasshi 39: 39-45. (In Japanese)
Fujita, T. 1927b. On new species of nematodes from fishes of Lake Biwa. Japanese Journal Zoology 1: 169-176.
Gopalakrishnan, A. & Ponniah, A.G. 2000. Cultivable, ornamental, sport and food fishes endemic to Peninsular India with special reference to Western Ghats. In: A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds), Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats, NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. pp: 13-32.
Kim. J.H. 2002. Nematode worm infections (Camallanus cotti, Camallanidae) in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) imported to Korea. Aquaculture 205: 231-235.
Levsen, A. & Berland, B. 2002a. The development and morphogenesis of Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 (Nematoda: Camallanidae), with notes on its phylogeny and definitive host range. Systematic Parasitology 53: 29–37.
Levsen, A. & Jakobsen, P.J. 2002. Selection pressure towards monoxeny in Camallanus cotti (Nematoda, Camallanidae) facing an intermediate host bottleneck situation. Parasitology 124: 625-629.
Levsen, A. 2001. Transmission ecology and larval behaviour of Camallanus cotti (Nematoda, Camallanidae) under aquarium conditions. Aquarium Science Conservation 3: 315-325.
Li. S.Y. 1941. On two new species of nematodes from China. Peking Natural History Bulletin 15: 195–199.
McMinn, H. 1990. Effects of the nematode parasite Camallanus cotti on sexual and non-sexual behaviors in guppy (Poeicilia reticulata). American Zoologist 30: 245-249.
Menezes, R.C.; Tortelly, R.; Tortelly-Neto, R.; Noronha, D. & Pinto, R.M. 2006. Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 (Nematoda, Camallanoidea) in ornamental aquarium fishes: pathology and morphology. Memoria’s do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 101: 683-687.
Mills, D. & Vevers, G. 1989. The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey.
Mitra, A.K.; Bandyopadhyay, P. & Gong, Y. 2013. Studies on Trichodinid and Chilodonellid Ciliophorans (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in the Indian freshwater and estuarine fishes with description of Trichodinella sunderbanensis sp. nov. and Trichodina nandusi sp. nov. Parasitology Research 112: 1077-1085.
Moravec, F. & Nagasawa, K. 1989. Observations on some nematodes parasitic in Japanese freshwater fishes. Folia Parasitology 36: 127-141.
Moravec, F. 1994. Parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Europe. Kluwer Academic Publishers. McClelland J. Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Researches 19: 217-471.
Noei, M.R.; Ibrahimov, S. & Sattari, M. 2015. Parasitic worms of the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 from the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(4): 287-295.
Pethiyagoda, R. 1994. Threats to the indigenous freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka and remarks on their conservation. Hydrobiologia 285: 189-201.
Petter, A.J.; Cassone, J. & France, B.M. 1974. Un nouveau nématode Camallanus pathogène dans des élevages de poissons exotiques. Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 49: 677-683.
Raina, M.K. & Dhar, R.L. 1972. On Camallanus fotedari n. sp. (Nematoda: Spiruridea) from the intestine of Nemachilus kashmirensis in Kashmir, India. Journal of Helminthology 46: 157-160.
Rainboth, W.J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome.
Raja, M.; Kavitha, M.; Ramkumar, R.; Anandhi, M. & Perumal, P. 2015. The ‘Giant Danio’ (Devario aequipinnatus) – Another model for diabetic retinopathy study: Induction of hyperglycemia and resultant retinal impairment. Endocrinology and Diabetes Research 1: 2.
Roytman, V.A. 1963. Nematodes of fishes of the Zeya River basin. Trudy GELAN 13: 253-300. (In Russian)
Stumpp, M. 1975. Untersuchungenzur Morphologie und Biologie von Camallanus cotti (Fujita, 1927) [sic]. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 46: 277-290.
Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. 1991. Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Ukwa, U.D.; Saliu, J.K. & Osibona, A.O. 2018. Combined effects of intestinal parasite infestation and extrinsic stress on the host gross energy in Malapterurus electricus (Teleostei: Malapteruridae) host-parasite system in the Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(1): 43-54
Vincent, A.G. & Font, W.F. 2003a. Host specificity and population structure of two exotic helminths, Camallanus cotti (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda), parasitizing exotic fishes in Waianu Stream, O’ahu, Hawai’i. Journal of Parasitology 89: 540-544.
Vincent, A.G. & Font, W.F. 2003b. Seasonal and yearly population dynamics of two exotic helminths, Camallanus cotti (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda), parasitizing exotic fishes in Waianu Stream, O’ahu, Hawaii. Journal of Parasitology 89: 756-760.
Yamaguti, S. 1935. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 9. Nematodes of fishes, Japanese Journal Zoology 6: 337-386.
Yamaguti, S. 1941. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 33. II. Nematodes of fishes. Japanese Journal Zoology 9: 343-396.
Anderson, R.C. 2000. Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates their development and transmission. 2nd Edition. CABI Publishing.
Arunachalam, M.; Johnson, J.A.; Sathyanarayanappa, S.N.; Sankaranarayanan, A. & Soranam, R. 2000. Cultivable and ornamental fishes from Hemavathi and Ekachi rivers, South Karnataka. In: Ponniah AG, Gopalakrishnan A. (Eds.) Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghats. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow. pp: 226-227.
Bauer, O.N. 1987. Key for determination of freshwater fish parasites of SSSR. Academy of science SSSR. Lenjingrad.
Campana-Rouget, Y.; Petter, A.J.; Kremer, M.; Molet, B. & Miltgen, F. 1976. Présence du nématode Camallanus fotedari dans le tube digestif de poissons d’aquarium de diverses provenances. Bulletin De l'Academie Veterinaire De France 49: 205-210.
Chen, C. 1973. An Illustrated Guide to the Fish Diseases and Causative Pathogenic Fauna and Flora in the Hubei Province. Science Press, Beijing, 456 p. (In Chinese)
Dogiel, V.A. & Akhmerov, A.K.H. 1959. Nematodes of fishes of the River Amur. Acta Hydrobiology Sinca 3: 272-304. (In Chinese and Russian)
Evans, B.B. & Lester, R.J.G. 2001. Parasites of ornamental fish imported into Australia. Bulletin European Association of Fish Pathologists 21: 51-55.
Font, W.F. & Tate, D.C. 1994. Helminth parasites of native Hawaiian freshwater fishes: an example of extreme ecological isolation. Journal of Parasitology 80: 682-688.
Fujita, T. 1927a. Parasitic nematodes of fish from Lake Biwa. Dobutsugaku Zasshi 39: 39-45. (In Japanese)
Fujita, T. 1927b. On new species of nematodes from fishes of Lake Biwa. Japanese Journal Zoology 1: 169-176.
Gopalakrishnan, A. & Ponniah, A.G. 2000. Cultivable, ornamental, sport and food fishes endemic to Peninsular India with special reference to Western Ghats. In: A.G. Ponniah and A. Gopalakrishnan (eds), Endemic Fish Diversity of Western Ghats, NBFGR-NATP Publication. National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, U.P., India. pp: 13-32.
Kim. J.H. 2002. Nematode worm infections (Camallanus cotti, Camallanidae) in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) imported to Korea. Aquaculture 205: 231-235.
Levsen, A. & Berland, B. 2002a. The development and morphogenesis of Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 (Nematoda: Camallanidae), with notes on its phylogeny and definitive host range. Systematic Parasitology 53: 29–37.
Levsen, A. & Jakobsen, P.J. 2002. Selection pressure towards monoxeny in Camallanus cotti (Nematoda, Camallanidae) facing an intermediate host bottleneck situation. Parasitology 124: 625-629.
Levsen, A. 2001. Transmission ecology and larval behaviour of Camallanus cotti (Nematoda, Camallanidae) under aquarium conditions. Aquarium Science Conservation 3: 315-325.
Li. S.Y. 1941. On two new species of nematodes from China. Peking Natural History Bulletin 15: 195–199.
McMinn, H. 1990. Effects of the nematode parasite Camallanus cotti on sexual and non-sexual behaviors in guppy (Poeicilia reticulata). American Zoologist 30: 245-249.
Menezes, R.C.; Tortelly, R.; Tortelly-Neto, R.; Noronha, D. & Pinto, R.M. 2006. Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 (Nematoda, Camallanoidea) in ornamental aquarium fishes: pathology and morphology. Memoria’s do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 101: 683-687.
Mills, D. & Vevers, G. 1989. The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. Tetra Press, New Jersey.
Mitra, A.K.; Bandyopadhyay, P. & Gong, Y. 2013. Studies on Trichodinid and Chilodonellid Ciliophorans (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in the Indian freshwater and estuarine fishes with description of Trichodinella sunderbanensis sp. nov. and Trichodina nandusi sp. nov. Parasitology Research 112: 1077-1085.
Moravec, F. & Nagasawa, K. 1989. Observations on some nematodes parasitic in Japanese freshwater fishes. Folia Parasitology 36: 127-141.
Moravec, F. 1994. Parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes of Europe. Kluwer Academic Publishers. McClelland J. Indian Cyprinidae. Asiatic Researches 19: 217-471.
Noei, M.R.; Ibrahimov, S. & Sattari, M. 2015. Parasitic worms of the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 from the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 2(4): 287-295.
Pethiyagoda, R. 1994. Threats to the indigenous freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka and remarks on their conservation. Hydrobiologia 285: 189-201.
Petter, A.J.; Cassone, J. & France, B.M. 1974. Un nouveau nématode Camallanus pathogène dans des élevages de poissons exotiques. Annales De Parasitologie Humaine Et Comparee 49: 677-683.
Raina, M.K. & Dhar, R.L. 1972. On Camallanus fotedari n. sp. (Nematoda: Spiruridea) from the intestine of Nemachilus kashmirensis in Kashmir, India. Journal of Helminthology 46: 157-160.
Rainboth, W.J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome.
Raja, M.; Kavitha, M.; Ramkumar, R.; Anandhi, M. & Perumal, P. 2015. The ‘Giant Danio’ (Devario aequipinnatus) – Another model for diabetic retinopathy study: Induction of hyperglycemia and resultant retinal impairment. Endocrinology and Diabetes Research 1: 2.
Roytman, V.A. 1963. Nematodes of fishes of the Zeya River basin. Trudy GELAN 13: 253-300. (In Russian)
Stumpp, M. 1975. Untersuchungenzur Morphologie und Biologie von Camallanus cotti (Fujita, 1927) [sic]. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 46: 277-290.
Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. 1991. Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Ukwa, U.D.; Saliu, J.K. & Osibona, A.O. 2018. Combined effects of intestinal parasite infestation and extrinsic stress on the host gross energy in Malapterurus electricus (Teleostei: Malapteruridae) host-parasite system in the Lekki Lagoon, Nigeria. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 5(1): 43-54
Vincent, A.G. & Font, W.F. 2003a. Host specificity and population structure of two exotic helminths, Camallanus cotti (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda), parasitizing exotic fishes in Waianu Stream, O’ahu, Hawai’i. Journal of Parasitology 89: 540-544.
Vincent, A.G. & Font, W.F. 2003b. Seasonal and yearly population dynamics of two exotic helminths, Camallanus cotti (Nematoda) and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Cestoda), parasitizing exotic fishes in Waianu Stream, O’ahu, Hawaii. Journal of Parasitology 89: 756-760.
Yamaguti, S. 1935. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 9. Nematodes of fishes, Japanese Journal Zoology 6: 337-386.
Yamaguti, S. 1941. Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 33. II. Nematodes of fishes. Japanese Journal Zoology 9: 343-396.