Main Article Content
Abstract
The morphological variations of bata, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) was studied based on morphometric and landmark analysis to know the populations status in the northern and southwestern Bangladesh. Samples were collected from six river sources viz. Mathabhanga (MR); Kirtonkhola, Barisal (KR); Nabaganga, Jhenidah (NR); Padma (PdR); Jamuna (JR) and Punorvoba, Dinajpur (PR). Univariate statistics among 22 truss measurements and 15 morphometric characters revealed a significant inter stock variation (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) among all the samples. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth discrimination function (DF) accounted for 78.5, 9.6, 7.9, 0.0 and 4% respectively in group variability, conferring 100% of total along group variability. Two clusters were formed in Euclidean dendrogram, in which 1st cluster formed by Kirtonkhola river population and 2nd cluster formed by remaining population along with the five sub clusters (MR, NR, PdR, JR and PR). These analyses supported that ‘truss network’ is an effective tool for determining the population status and baseline information of L. bata.
Keywords
Morphology
Landmark analysis
Stock identification
Baseline
Minor carp.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
MAHFUJ, M. S.-E.-., ALAM, A., PARVEZ, I., MINAR, M. H., & SAMAD, A. (2017). Morphological variations of Labeo bata populations (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in six rivers of Bangladesh: a landmark-morphometric contribution. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 4(3), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v4i3.207
References
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Allendorf, F.W.; Ryman, N. & Utter, F. 1987. Genetics and fishery management: past, present and future. In: Population Genetics and Fisheries Management. University of Washington Press, Seattle, USA.
Barlow, G.W. 1961. Causes and significance of morphological variation in fishes. Systematic Zoology 10: 105-117.
Beacham, T.D. 1990. A genetic analysis of meristic and morphometric variation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at three different temperatures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 225-229.
Begum, A.; Khan, M.M.R.; Nahar, K.; Minar, M.H.; Sultana, N. & Khan, M.G.Q. 2013. Morphological and genetic variations in Wild and hatchery populations of gonia (Labeo gonius, hamilton) using truss Measurement and allozyme markers. International Journal of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Research 2(2): 204-221.
Currens, K.P.; Sharpe, C.S.; Hjort, R.; Schreck, C.B. & Li, H.W. 1989. Effects of different feeding regimes on the morphometrics of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Evolution 48: 1723-1734.
Cadrin, S.X. 2000: Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 91-112.
Do, F. 2012. Fishery statistical yearbook of Bangladesh. Fisheries Resources Survey System. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Government of the Peoples, Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Dwivedi, A.K. & Dubey, V.K. 2013. Advancement in morphometric differentiation: a review on stock identification among fish populations. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 23: 23-39.
Elliott, N.G.; Haskard, K. & Koslow, J.A. 1995. Morphometric analysis of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) off the continental slope of southern Australia. Journal of Fish Biology 46: 202-220.
Jayasankar, P.; Thomas, P.C.; Paulton, M.P. & Mathew, J. 2004: Morphometric and genetic analyzes of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from peninsular India. Asian Fisheries Science 17: 201-215.
He, Y.; Li, R.; Wang, J.; Blanchet, S. & Lek, S. 2013. Morphological variation among wild populations of Chinese rare minnow (Gobio cyprisrarus): Deciphering the Role of Evolutionary Processes. Zoological Science 30: 475-483.
Hossain, M.A.R.; Nahiduzzaman, M.; Saha, D.; Khanam, M.U.H. & Alam, M.S. 2010. Landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations of the endangered carp, Kalibaus, Labeo calbasu, from stocks of two isolated rivers, the Jamuna and Halda and a hatchery. Zoological Studies 49: 556-563.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. 2nd ed. University of Michigan. USA.
Ihssen, P.E.; Evans, D.O.; Christie, W.J.; Reckahnand, J.A. & Desjardine, R.L. 1981. Life history, morphology, and electrophoretic characteristics of five allopatric stocks of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Great Lake region. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38: 1790-1807.
Khan, M.M.R.; Barua, S. & Alam, M.S. 2005. Allozyme and morphological variation in four hatchery stocks of Thai pangas, Pangasius hypophthalmus in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 9(1): 9-10.
Khan, M.A.; Miyan, K. & Khan, S. 2013. Morphometric variation of snakehead fish, Channa punctatus, populations from three Indian rivers. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29: 637-642.
Lança, M.J.; Machado, M.; Mateus, C.S.; Lourenço, M. & Ferreira, A.F. 2014. Investigating population structure of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, L.) in Western Iberian Peninsula using morphological characters and heart fatty acid signature analyses. PLoS One 9(9): e108110
Mahfuj, M.S.; Hossain, M.B. & Minar, M.H. 2012. Biochemical Composition of an Endangered Fish, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) from Bangladesh Waters. American Journal of Food Technology 7: 633-641.
Marr, J.C. 1957. The problem of defining and recognizing subpopulations of fishes. In: Marr J.C. Contributions to the studies of subpopulations of fishes, Special Scientific Report, nu 208. Washington D.C. United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wild Life Services. USA.
Miller, S.L.; Gregg, M.A.; Kuritsubo, A.R.; Combs, S.M.; Murdock, M.K.; Nilsson, J.A.; Noon, B.R. & Botzler, R.G. 1988. Morphometric variation in tundra swans: relationships among sex and age classes 1. The Condor 90: 802-815.
Mir, J.I.; Sarkar, U.K.; Dwivedi, A.K.; Gusain, O.P. & Jena, J.K. 2013. Stock structure analysis of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) across the Ganga basin (India) using a truss network system. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29: 1097-1103.
Murta, A.G. 2000. Morphological variation of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Iberian and North Africa Atlantic: implications for stock identification. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 1240-1248.
Murphy, C.E.; Hoover, J.J.; George, S.G. & Killgore, K.J. 2007. Morphometric variation among river sturgeons (Scaphirhynchus spp.) of the Middle and Lower Mississippi River. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23: 313-323.
Nahar, K.; Hossain, M.; Begum, A.; Sultana, N. & Khan, M.G.Q. 2013. Genetic structure of endangered bata (Labeo bata, Hamilton) inferred from landmark-based morphometric and meristic measurements and allozyme markers. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical in Applied Science 3(5): 145-160.
Pakkasmaa, S. 2001. Morphological differentiation among local trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Biological Journal of Linnean Society 72: 231-239.
Peres-Neto, P.R. & Magnan, P. 2004. The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological interaction: a comparison of two polymorphic charr species. Oecologia 140: 36-45.
Piglucci, M. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity. Beyond Nature and Nature. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore MD.
Proulx, R. & Magnan, P. 2004. Contribution of phenotypic plasticity and heredity to the trophic polymorphism of lacustrine brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis M.). Evolutionary Ecology Research 6: 503-522.
Rahman, A.K.A. 1989. Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh. The Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Ravenscroft, P.; Ahmed, K.M. & Samad, M.A. 2009. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Bangladesh. Sector Development Plan.
Robins, C.R.; Baily, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society (Special Publication) (21): 243.
Sajina, A.M.; Chakraborty, S.K.; Jaiswar, A.K.; Pazhayamadam, D.G. & Sudheesan, D. 2011. Stock structure analysis of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Indian coast based on truss network analysis. Fisheries Research 108: 100-105.
Strauss, R.E. & Bookstein, F.L. 1982. The Truss: body form reconstruction in morphometrics. Systematic Zoology 31: 113-135.
Suraiya, S.; Khan, M.M.R.; Haq, M.; Hossain, M.A. & Ahammad, A.K.S. 2009. Morphological and allozyme variation of three river populations of bata, Labeo bata (Hamilton) in Bangladesh. International Journal of BioResearch 6(3): 6-13.
Taning, A.V. 1952. Experimental study of meristic characters in fishes. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 27: 169-193.
Tudela, S. 1999. Morphological variability in a Mediterranean, genetically homogeneous population of the European anchovy, Engraulisen crasicolus. Fisheries Research 42: 229-243.
Turan, C.; Yalcin, S.; Turan, F.; Okur, E. & Akyurt, I. 2005. Morphometric comparisons of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, populations in Turkey. Folia Zoologica 54: 165–172.
Wimberger, P.H. 1992. Plasticity of fish body shapes - the effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of Linnean Society 45: 197-218.
Ujjainia, N.C. & Kohli, M.P.S. 2011. Landmark-based morphometric analysis for selected species of Indian major carp (Catla catla, Ham. 1822). International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 1: 64-74.
Verbruggen, H.; Clerck, O.D.; Wiebe, H.C.; Kooistra, F. & Coppejans, E. 2005. Molecular and morphometric data pinpoint species boundaries in Halimeda section Rhipsalis (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). Journal of Phycology 41: 606-621.
References
Allendorf, F.W.; Ryman, N. & Utter, F. 1987. Genetics and fishery management: past, present and future. In: Population Genetics and Fisheries Management. University of Washington Press, Seattle, USA.
Barlow, G.W. 1961. Causes and significance of morphological variation in fishes. Systematic Zoology 10: 105-117.
Beacham, T.D. 1990. A genetic analysis of meristic and morphometric variation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at three different temperatures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 225-229.
Begum, A.; Khan, M.M.R.; Nahar, K.; Minar, M.H.; Sultana, N. & Khan, M.G.Q. 2013. Morphological and genetic variations in Wild and hatchery populations of gonia (Labeo gonius, hamilton) using truss Measurement and allozyme markers. International Journal of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Research 2(2): 204-221.
Currens, K.P.; Sharpe, C.S.; Hjort, R.; Schreck, C.B. & Li, H.W. 1989. Effects of different feeding regimes on the morphometrics of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Evolution 48: 1723-1734.
Cadrin, S.X. 2000: Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 91-112.
Do, F. 2012. Fishery statistical yearbook of Bangladesh. Fisheries Resources Survey System. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Government of the Peoples, Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Dwivedi, A.K. & Dubey, V.K. 2013. Advancement in morphometric differentiation: a review on stock identification among fish populations. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 23: 23-39.
Elliott, N.G.; Haskard, K. & Koslow, J.A. 1995. Morphometric analysis of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) off the continental slope of southern Australia. Journal of Fish Biology 46: 202-220.
Jayasankar, P.; Thomas, P.C.; Paulton, M.P. & Mathew, J. 2004: Morphometric and genetic analyzes of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from peninsular India. Asian Fisheries Science 17: 201-215.
He, Y.; Li, R.; Wang, J.; Blanchet, S. & Lek, S. 2013. Morphological variation among wild populations of Chinese rare minnow (Gobio cyprisrarus): Deciphering the Role of Evolutionary Processes. Zoological Science 30: 475-483.
Hossain, M.A.R.; Nahiduzzaman, M.; Saha, D.; Khanam, M.U.H. & Alam, M.S. 2010. Landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations of the endangered carp, Kalibaus, Labeo calbasu, from stocks of two isolated rivers, the Jamuna and Halda and a hatchery. Zoological Studies 49: 556-563.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. 2nd ed. University of Michigan. USA.
Ihssen, P.E.; Evans, D.O.; Christie, W.J.; Reckahnand, J.A. & Desjardine, R.L. 1981. Life history, morphology, and electrophoretic characteristics of five allopatric stocks of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Great Lake region. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38: 1790-1807.
Khan, M.M.R.; Barua, S. & Alam, M.S. 2005. Allozyme and morphological variation in four hatchery stocks of Thai pangas, Pangasius hypophthalmus in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 9(1): 9-10.
Khan, M.A.; Miyan, K. & Khan, S. 2013. Morphometric variation of snakehead fish, Channa punctatus, populations from three Indian rivers. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29: 637-642.
Lança, M.J.; Machado, M.; Mateus, C.S.; Lourenço, M. & Ferreira, A.F. 2014. Investigating population structure of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, L.) in Western Iberian Peninsula using morphological characters and heart fatty acid signature analyses. PLoS One 9(9): e108110
Mahfuj, M.S.; Hossain, M.B. & Minar, M.H. 2012. Biochemical Composition of an Endangered Fish, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) from Bangladesh Waters. American Journal of Food Technology 7: 633-641.
Marr, J.C. 1957. The problem of defining and recognizing subpopulations of fishes. In: Marr J.C. Contributions to the studies of subpopulations of fishes, Special Scientific Report, nu 208. Washington D.C. United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wild Life Services. USA.
Miller, S.L.; Gregg, M.A.; Kuritsubo, A.R.; Combs, S.M.; Murdock, M.K.; Nilsson, J.A.; Noon, B.R. & Botzler, R.G. 1988. Morphometric variation in tundra swans: relationships among sex and age classes 1. The Condor 90: 802-815.
Mir, J.I.; Sarkar, U.K.; Dwivedi, A.K.; Gusain, O.P. & Jena, J.K. 2013. Stock structure analysis of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) across the Ganga basin (India) using a truss network system. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29: 1097-1103.
Murta, A.G. 2000. Morphological variation of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Iberian and North Africa Atlantic: implications for stock identification. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 1240-1248.
Murphy, C.E.; Hoover, J.J.; George, S.G. & Killgore, K.J. 2007. Morphometric variation among river sturgeons (Scaphirhynchus spp.) of the Middle and Lower Mississippi River. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23: 313-323.
Nahar, K.; Hossain, M.; Begum, A.; Sultana, N. & Khan, M.G.Q. 2013. Genetic structure of endangered bata (Labeo bata, Hamilton) inferred from landmark-based morphometric and meristic measurements and allozyme markers. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical in Applied Science 3(5): 145-160.
Pakkasmaa, S. 2001. Morphological differentiation among local trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Biological Journal of Linnean Society 72: 231-239.
Peres-Neto, P.R. & Magnan, P. 2004. The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological interaction: a comparison of two polymorphic charr species. Oecologia 140: 36-45.
Piglucci, M. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity. Beyond Nature and Nature. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore MD.
Proulx, R. & Magnan, P. 2004. Contribution of phenotypic plasticity and heredity to the trophic polymorphism of lacustrine brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis M.). Evolutionary Ecology Research 6: 503-522.
Rahman, A.K.A. 1989. Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh. The Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Ravenscroft, P.; Ahmed, K.M. & Samad, M.A. 2009. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Bangladesh. Sector Development Plan.
Robins, C.R.; Baily, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society (Special Publication) (21): 243.
Sajina, A.M.; Chakraborty, S.K.; Jaiswar, A.K.; Pazhayamadam, D.G. & Sudheesan, D. 2011. Stock structure analysis of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Indian coast based on truss network analysis. Fisheries Research 108: 100-105.
Strauss, R.E. & Bookstein, F.L. 1982. The Truss: body form reconstruction in morphometrics. Systematic Zoology 31: 113-135.
Suraiya, S.; Khan, M.M.R.; Haq, M.; Hossain, M.A. & Ahammad, A.K.S. 2009. Morphological and allozyme variation of three river populations of bata, Labeo bata (Hamilton) in Bangladesh. International Journal of BioResearch 6(3): 6-13.
Taning, A.V. 1952. Experimental study of meristic characters in fishes. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 27: 169-193.
Tudela, S. 1999. Morphological variability in a Mediterranean, genetically homogeneous population of the European anchovy, Engraulisen crasicolus. Fisheries Research 42: 229-243.
Turan, C.; Yalcin, S.; Turan, F.; Okur, E. & Akyurt, I. 2005. Morphometric comparisons of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, populations in Turkey. Folia Zoologica 54: 165–172.
Wimberger, P.H. 1992. Plasticity of fish body shapes - the effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of Linnean Society 45: 197-218.
Ujjainia, N.C. & Kohli, M.P.S. 2011. Landmark-based morphometric analysis for selected species of Indian major carp (Catla catla, Ham. 1822). International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 1: 64-74.
Verbruggen, H.; Clerck, O.D.; Wiebe, H.C.; Kooistra, F. & Coppejans, E. 2005. Molecular and morphometric data pinpoint species boundaries in Halimeda section Rhipsalis (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). Journal of Phycology 41: 606-621.
Barlow, G.W. 1961. Causes and significance of morphological variation in fishes. Systematic Zoology 10: 105-117.
Beacham, T.D. 1990. A genetic analysis of meristic and morphometric variation in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at three different temperatures. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 225-229.
Begum, A.; Khan, M.M.R.; Nahar, K.; Minar, M.H.; Sultana, N. & Khan, M.G.Q. 2013. Morphological and genetic variations in Wild and hatchery populations of gonia (Labeo gonius, hamilton) using truss Measurement and allozyme markers. International Journal of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Research 2(2): 204-221.
Currens, K.P.; Sharpe, C.S.; Hjort, R.; Schreck, C.B. & Li, H.W. 1989. Effects of different feeding regimes on the morphometrics of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Evolution 48: 1723-1734.
Cadrin, S.X. 2000: Advances in morphometric identification of fishery stocks. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 91-112.
Do, F. 2012. Fishery statistical yearbook of Bangladesh. Fisheries Resources Survey System. Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Government of the Peoples, Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Dwivedi, A.K. & Dubey, V.K. 2013. Advancement in morphometric differentiation: a review on stock identification among fish populations. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 23: 23-39.
Elliott, N.G.; Haskard, K. & Koslow, J.A. 1995. Morphometric analysis of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) off the continental slope of southern Australia. Journal of Fish Biology 46: 202-220.
Jayasankar, P.; Thomas, P.C.; Paulton, M.P. & Mathew, J. 2004: Morphometric and genetic analyzes of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from peninsular India. Asian Fisheries Science 17: 201-215.
He, Y.; Li, R.; Wang, J.; Blanchet, S. & Lek, S. 2013. Morphological variation among wild populations of Chinese rare minnow (Gobio cyprisrarus): Deciphering the Role of Evolutionary Processes. Zoological Science 30: 475-483.
Hossain, M.A.R.; Nahiduzzaman, M.; Saha, D.; Khanam, M.U.H. & Alam, M.S. 2010. Landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations of the endangered carp, Kalibaus, Labeo calbasu, from stocks of two isolated rivers, the Jamuna and Halda and a hatchery. Zoological Studies 49: 556-563.
Hubbs, C.L. & Lagler, K.F. 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. 2nd ed. University of Michigan. USA.
Ihssen, P.E.; Evans, D.O.; Christie, W.J.; Reckahnand, J.A. & Desjardine, R.L. 1981. Life history, morphology, and electrophoretic characteristics of five allopatric stocks of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in the Great Lake region. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38: 1790-1807.
Khan, M.M.R.; Barua, S. & Alam, M.S. 2005. Allozyme and morphological variation in four hatchery stocks of Thai pangas, Pangasius hypophthalmus in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 9(1): 9-10.
Khan, M.A.; Miyan, K. & Khan, S. 2013. Morphometric variation of snakehead fish, Channa punctatus, populations from three Indian rivers. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29: 637-642.
Lança, M.J.; Machado, M.; Mateus, C.S.; Lourenço, M. & Ferreira, A.F. 2014. Investigating population structure of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus, L.) in Western Iberian Peninsula using morphological characters and heart fatty acid signature analyses. PLoS One 9(9): e108110
Mahfuj, M.S.; Hossain, M.B. & Minar, M.H. 2012. Biochemical Composition of an Endangered Fish, Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) from Bangladesh Waters. American Journal of Food Technology 7: 633-641.
Marr, J.C. 1957. The problem of defining and recognizing subpopulations of fishes. In: Marr J.C. Contributions to the studies of subpopulations of fishes, Special Scientific Report, nu 208. Washington D.C. United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wild Life Services. USA.
Miller, S.L.; Gregg, M.A.; Kuritsubo, A.R.; Combs, S.M.; Murdock, M.K.; Nilsson, J.A.; Noon, B.R. & Botzler, R.G. 1988. Morphometric variation in tundra swans: relationships among sex and age classes 1. The Condor 90: 802-815.
Mir, J.I.; Sarkar, U.K.; Dwivedi, A.K.; Gusain, O.P. & Jena, J.K. 2013. Stock structure analysis of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) across the Ganga basin (India) using a truss network system. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29: 1097-1103.
Murta, A.G. 2000. Morphological variation of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the Iberian and North Africa Atlantic: implications for stock identification. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 1240-1248.
Murphy, C.E.; Hoover, J.J.; George, S.G. & Killgore, K.J. 2007. Morphometric variation among river sturgeons (Scaphirhynchus spp.) of the Middle and Lower Mississippi River. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 23: 313-323.
Nahar, K.; Hossain, M.; Begum, A.; Sultana, N. & Khan, M.G.Q. 2013. Genetic structure of endangered bata (Labeo bata, Hamilton) inferred from landmark-based morphometric and meristic measurements and allozyme markers. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical in Applied Science 3(5): 145-160.
Pakkasmaa, S. 2001. Morphological differentiation among local trout (Salmo trutta) populations. Biological Journal of Linnean Society 72: 231-239.
Peres-Neto, P.R. & Magnan, P. 2004. The influence of swimming demand on phenotypic plasticity and morphological interaction: a comparison of two polymorphic charr species. Oecologia 140: 36-45.
Piglucci, M. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity. Beyond Nature and Nature. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore MD.
Proulx, R. & Magnan, P. 2004. Contribution of phenotypic plasticity and heredity to the trophic polymorphism of lacustrine brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis M.). Evolutionary Ecology Research 6: 503-522.
Rahman, A.K.A. 1989. Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh. The Zoological Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka.
Ravenscroft, P.; Ahmed, K.M. & Samad, M.A. 2009. Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Bangladesh. Sector Development Plan.
Robins, C.R.; Baily, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.; Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fisheries Society (Special Publication) (21): 243.
Sajina, A.M.; Chakraborty, S.K.; Jaiswar, A.K.; Pazhayamadam, D.G. & Sudheesan, D. 2011. Stock structure analysis of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) along the Indian coast based on truss network analysis. Fisheries Research 108: 100-105.
Strauss, R.E. & Bookstein, F.L. 1982. The Truss: body form reconstruction in morphometrics. Systematic Zoology 31: 113-135.
Suraiya, S.; Khan, M.M.R.; Haq, M.; Hossain, M.A. & Ahammad, A.K.S. 2009. Morphological and allozyme variation of three river populations of bata, Labeo bata (Hamilton) in Bangladesh. International Journal of BioResearch 6(3): 6-13.
Taning, A.V. 1952. Experimental study of meristic characters in fishes. Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 27: 169-193.
Tudela, S. 1999. Morphological variability in a Mediterranean, genetically homogeneous population of the European anchovy, Engraulisen crasicolus. Fisheries Research 42: 229-243.
Turan, C.; Yalcin, S.; Turan, F.; Okur, E. & Akyurt, I. 2005. Morphometric comparisons of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, populations in Turkey. Folia Zoologica 54: 165–172.
Wimberger, P.H. 1992. Plasticity of fish body shapes - the effects of diet, development, family and age in two species of Geophagus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of Linnean Society 45: 197-218.
Ujjainia, N.C. & Kohli, M.P.S. 2011. Landmark-based morphometric analysis for selected species of Indian major carp (Catla catla, Ham. 1822). International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 1: 64-74.
Verbruggen, H.; Clerck, O.D.; Wiebe, H.C.; Kooistra, F. & Coppejans, E. 2005. Molecular and morphometric data pinpoint species boundaries in Halimeda section Rhipsalis (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). Journal of Phycology 41: 606-621.