Main Article Content
Abstract
The systematics, morphology, distribution, biology, economic importance and conservation of the burbot (Lota lota) of Iran are described, the species is illustrated, and a bibliography on this fish is provided. The chin barbel and two dorsal fins, both lacking spines, are distinctive characteristics of this fish. This species favours well-oxygenated, cool, clear rivers and large, deep lakes where it is most active at night or at twilight (crepuscular). Lota lota species is found rarely in the Caspian Sea basin.
Keywords
Biology
Morphology
Distribution
Lota.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
COAD, B. W. (2016). Review of the Freshwater Cuskfishes of Iran (Family Lotidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 3(4), 229–235. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v3i4.195
References
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Abbasi, K.; Valipour, A.; Talebi Haghighi, D.; Sarpanah, A. & Nezami, S. 1999. Atlas of Iranian Fishes. Gilan Inland Waters. Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Rasht. 113 p. (In Farsi)
Abbasov, G.S. 1980. The ichthyofauna of the main freshwater bodies of Azerbaidzhan. Journal of Ichthyology 20(4): 140-142.
Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 2009. Biodiversity of Fishes of the Southern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publications, Tehran. 243 p. (In Farsi)
Abdurakhmanov, Y.A. 1962. Ryby Presnykh vod Azerbaidzhana [Freshwater Fishes of Azerbaidzhan]. Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Baku. 407 p.
Armantrout, N.B. 1969. The fishes of Iran, a preliminary checklist. Bander Enzeli, Iran. 39 p.
Berg, L.S. 1948-1949. Freshwater Fishes of the USSR and Adjacent Countries. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (1962-1965). 3 volumes.
Berra, T.M. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. 604 p.
Coad, B.W. 1979. Poisonous and venomous freshwater fishes of Iran. Pahlavi Medical Journal 9(4): 388-407.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F., Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 28, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden. pp. 213-228.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement): 101-108. (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of European Ichthyologists (CEI-9) "Fish Biodiversity" organised in Naples at the University Federico II and held in Trieste - Italy, 24-30 August 1997).
Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1996. Biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes. Abzeeyan 7(1): 4-10. (In Farsi, English abstract)
Coad, B.W.; Waszczuk, H. & Labignan, I. 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian Fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa and Canadian Sportfishing Productions, Waterdown. 928 p.
Derzhavin, A.N. 1934. Presnovodnye ryby yuzhnogo poberezh'ya Kaspiya. Vstuplenie [Freshwater fishes of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Introduction]. Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Otdeleniya Zakavkazskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii, Baku 7: 91-126.
Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2011. Pisces. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.), Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 26-38.
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. 2014. FishBase. www.fishbase. Org (accessed 23 December 2014).
Halstead, B.W. 1967-1970. Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. Volume 2 - Vertebrates. 1070 p., Volume 3 - Vertebrates continued. 1006 p. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
IUCN. 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
Jolodar, M.N. & Abdoli, A. 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Teheran. 110 p. (In Farsi and English).
Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg. 237 p.
Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava 52 (Supplement 5): 1-271.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 p.
Lelek, A. 1987. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 9. Threatened Fishes of Europe. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden. 343 p.
Machacek, H. 1983-2012. World Records Freshwater Fishing, www.fishing-worldrecords.com.
Mann, R.H.K. 1996. Environmental requirements of European non-salmonid fish in rivers. Hydrobiologia 323(3): 223-235.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 601 p.
Pivnička, K. 1970. Morphological variation in the burbot (Lota lota) and recognition of the subspecies: A review. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27(10): 1757-1765.
References
Abbasi, K.; Valipour, A.; Talebi Haghighi, D.; Sarpanah, A. & Nezami, S. 1999. Atlas of Iranian Fishes. Gilan Inland Waters. Gilan Fisheries Research Centre, Rasht. 113 p. (In Farsi)
Abbasov, G.S. 1980. The ichthyofauna of the main freshwater bodies of Azerbaidzhan. Journal of Ichthyology 20(4): 140-142.
Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 2009. Biodiversity of Fishes of the Southern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publications, Tehran. 243 p. (In Farsi)
Abdurakhmanov, Y.A. 1962. Ryby Presnykh vod Azerbaidzhana [Freshwater Fishes of Azerbaidzhan]. Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Baku. 407 p.
Armantrout, N.B. 1969. The fishes of Iran, a preliminary checklist. Bander Enzeli, Iran. 39 p.
Berg, L.S. 1948-1949. Freshwater Fishes of the USSR and Adjacent Countries. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (1962-1965). 3 volumes.
Berra, T.M. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. 604 p.
Coad, B.W. 1979. Poisonous and venomous freshwater fishes of Iran. Pahlavi Medical Journal 9(4): 388-407.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F., Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 28, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden. pp. 213-228.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement): 101-108. (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of European Ichthyologists (CEI-9) "Fish Biodiversity" organised in Naples at the University Federico II and held in Trieste - Italy, 24-30 August 1997).
Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1996. Biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes. Abzeeyan 7(1): 4-10. (In Farsi, English abstract)
Coad, B.W.; Waszczuk, H. & Labignan, I. 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian Fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa and Canadian Sportfishing Productions, Waterdown. 928 p.
Derzhavin, A.N. 1934. Presnovodnye ryby yuzhnogo poberezh'ya Kaspiya. Vstuplenie [Freshwater fishes of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Introduction]. Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Otdeleniya Zakavkazskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii, Baku 7: 91-126.
Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2011. Pisces. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.), Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 26-38.
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. 2014. FishBase. www.fishbase. Org (accessed 23 December 2014).
Halstead, B.W. 1967-1970. Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. Volume 2 - Vertebrates. 1070 p., Volume 3 - Vertebrates continued. 1006 p. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
IUCN. 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
Jolodar, M.N. & Abdoli, A. 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Teheran. 110 p. (In Farsi and English).
Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg. 237 p.
Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava 52 (Supplement 5): 1-271.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 p.
Lelek, A. 1987. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 9. Threatened Fishes of Europe. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden. 343 p.
Machacek, H. 1983-2012. World Records Freshwater Fishing, www.fishing-worldrecords.com.
Mann, R.H.K. 1996. Environmental requirements of European non-salmonid fish in rivers. Hydrobiologia 323(3): 223-235.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 601 p.
Pivnička, K. 1970. Morphological variation in the burbot (Lota lota) and recognition of the subspecies: A review. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27(10): 1757-1765.
Abbasov, G.S. 1980. The ichthyofauna of the main freshwater bodies of Azerbaidzhan. Journal of Ichthyology 20(4): 140-142.
Abdoli, A. 2000. The Inland Water Fishes of Iran. Iranian Museum of Nature and Wildlife, Tehran. 378 p. (In Farsi)
Abdoli, A. & Naderi, M. 2009. Biodiversity of Fishes of the Southern Basin of the Caspian Sea. Abzian Scientific Publications, Tehran. 243 p. (In Farsi)
Abdurakhmanov, Y.A. 1962. Ryby Presnykh vod Azerbaidzhana [Freshwater Fishes of Azerbaidzhan]. Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Baku. 407 p.
Armantrout, N.B. 1969. The fishes of Iran, a preliminary checklist. Bander Enzeli, Iran. 39 p.
Berg, L.S. 1948-1949. Freshwater Fishes of the USSR and Adjacent Countries. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (1962-1965). 3 volumes.
Berra, T.M. 2001. Freshwater Fish Distribution. Academic Press, San Diego, USA. 604 p.
Coad, B.W. 1979. Poisonous and venomous freshwater fishes of Iran. Pahlavi Medical Journal 9(4): 388-407.
Coad, B.W. 1987. Zoogeography of the Freshwater Fishes of Iran. In: Krupp, F., Schneider, W. & Kinzelbach, R. (eds.), Proceedings of the Symposium on the Fauna and Zoogeography of the Middle East, Mainz, 1985. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe A (Naturwissenschaften), 28, Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden. pp. 213-228.
Coad, B.W. 1998. Systematic biodiversity in the freshwater fishes of Iran. Italian Journal of Zoology, 65 (Supplement): 101-108. (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of European Ichthyologists (CEI-9) "Fish Biodiversity" organised in Naples at the University Federico II and held in Trieste - Italy, 24-30 August 1997).
Coad, B.W. & Abdoli, A. 1996. Biodiversity of Iranian freshwater fishes. Abzeeyan 7(1): 4-10. (In Farsi, English abstract)
Coad, B.W.; Waszczuk, H. & Labignan, I. 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian Fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa and Canadian Sportfishing Productions, Waterdown. 928 p.
Derzhavin, A.N. 1934. Presnovodnye ryby yuzhnogo poberezh'ya Kaspiya. Vstuplenie [Freshwater fishes of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. Introduction]. Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Otdeleniya Zakavkazskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii, Baku 7: 91-126.
Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fong, J.D. 2011. Pisces. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.), Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 26-38.
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. 2014. FishBase. www.fishbase. Org (accessed 23 December 2014).
Halstead, B.W. 1967-1970. Poisonous and Venomous Marine Animals of the World. Volume 2 - Vertebrates. 1070 p., Volume 3 - Vertebrates continued. 1006 p. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
IUCN. 2015. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (http://www.iucnredlist.org/).
Jolodar, M.N. & Abdoli, A. 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Teheran. 110 p. (In Farsi and English).
Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. & Greven, H. 1995. Database of Fish Chromosomes. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg. 237 p.
Kottelat, M. 1997. European freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation. Biologia, Bratislava 52 (Supplement 5): 1-271.
Kottelat, M. & Freyhof, J. 2007. Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes. Kottelat, Cornol, Switzerland and Freyhof, Berlin, Germany. 646 p.
Lelek, A. 1987. The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Volume 9. Threatened Fishes of Europe. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden. 343 p.
Machacek, H. 1983-2012. World Records Freshwater Fishing, www.fishing-worldrecords.com.
Mann, R.H.K. 1996. Environmental requirements of European non-salmonid fish in rivers. Hydrobiologia 323(3): 223-235.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 601 p.
Pivnička, K. 1970. Morphological variation in the burbot (Lota lota) and recognition of the subspecies: A review. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27(10): 1757-1765.