Main Article Content
Abstract
The stimulatory effect of Ovaprim, a commercial spawning inducing agent consisting of salmon gonadotropin releasing analogue (GnRHa) and a dopamine D2- receptor antagonist, Domperidone, was studied in doctor fish, Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) under hatchery conditions. The feeding and rearing condition effects on the survival rate of naturally produced larvae were also evaluated. Twenty-five fish were collected from Kohmareh stream (Helleh River), Fars province, Iran by electrofishing and transported to an ornamental fish hatchery. Fish were randomly divided into 5 groups and injected as follows: control fish received only 0.7% physiological saline (group 1) and groups 2 to 5 received 0.1, 0.2, 0.02 and 0.04 ml Ovaprim per fish. Six hours after injection, fish were evaluated for ovulation or spermiation success. None of the samples in control fish spawned until the end of experiment. Higher doses of agent in groups 2 and 3 caused a100% mortality in treated fish. In group 3, two males were spermiated but none of the females ovulated. In group 4, two ovulated fish were found whereas three fish died. Feeding larvae with newly hatched Artemia naupli and rearing in temperature close to 30ºC resulted in higher survival rate in comparison to fish fed a combination of phytoplankton and infusoria and compared to larvae kept in temperature lower than 24ºC or higher than 34ºC. In conclusion the results of this study showed that Ovaprim is effective in induction of spawning in doctor fish, but a dose much lower than those used in this study is recommended for use in hatchery to avoid brooders mortality. Feeding larvae with fresh Artemia naupli during weaning stage is also suggested for higher survival rate.
Keywords
Cyprinidae
Doctor fish
GnRHa
Induction
Ovaprim
Spawning.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
VAZIRZADEH, A., ZAHEDINEJAD, S., & BAHRI, A. (2015). Spawning induction in doctor fish, Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) by Ovaprim and captive rearing of larvae. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 1(4), 258–265. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v1i4.20
References
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Breton, B. & Weil, C. 1973. Effets d’extraits hypothalcimiques de carpe et de LH-FSH-RH de synthése, sur la secretion d’hormone gonadotrope c-GTH in vivo chez la carpe Cyprinus carpio L. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series D 277: 2061-2064. In French.
Brzuska, E. & Adamek, J. 1997. An attempt at the stimulation of ovulation in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using Ovaprim. Komunikaty Rybackie 1: 19-21.
Chang, J. & Peter, R. 1983. Effects of pimozide and des Gly10,[-Ala6] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide on serum gonadotropin concentrations, germinal vesicle migration, and ovulation in female goldfish, Carassius auratus. General and Comparative Endocrinology 52: 30-37.
Chaube, R.; Singh, R. & Joy, K. 2014. Effects of ovaprim, a commercial spawning inducer, on vasotocin and steroid hormone profiles in the catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis): In vivo and in vitro studies. General and comparative endocrinology 195: 190-200.
Dufour, S.; Weltzien, F.A.; Sebert, M.E.; Le Belle, N.; Vidal, B.; Vernier, P. & Pasqualini, C. 2005. Dopaminergic inhibition of reproduction in teleost fishes: ecophysiological and evolutionary implications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1040: 9-2.
Esmaeili, H.; Yazdanpanah, M. & Monsefi, M. 2005. Reproductive biology of doctor fish, Garra rufa (Cyprinidae: Garrinae), in southwest of Iran. Journal of Fish Biology 67: 282-282.
Glasser, F.; Mikolajczyk, T.; Jalabert, B.; Baroiller, J.F. & Breton, B. 2004. Temperature effects along the reproductive axis during spawning induction of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). General and Comparative Endocrinology 136: 171-179.
Guzmán, J.M.; Cal, R.; García-López, Á.; Chereguini, O.; Kight, K.; Olmedo, M.; Sarasquete, C.; Mylonas, C.C.; Peleteiro, J.B. & Zohar, Y. 2011. Effects of in vivo treatment with the dopamine antagonist pimozide and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on the reproductive axis of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 158: 235-245.
Habibi, H.R.; Marchant, T.A.; Nahorniak, C.S.; Van der Loo, H.; Peter, R.E.; Rivier, J.E. & Vale, W.W. 1989. Functional relationship between receptor binding and biological activity for analogs of mammalian and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the pituitary of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Biology of Reproduction 40: 1152-1161.
Kime, D.E.; Epler, P.; Bieniarz, K.; Sokolowska, M.; Motyka, K. & Mikolajczyk, T. 1987. The temporal sequence of changes in oocyte maturation and ovarian steroid hormone production during induced ovulation in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. General and Comparative Endocrinology 68: 313-321.
Król, J.; Kowalski, R.; Hliwa, P.; Dietrich, G.; Stabiński, R. & Ciereszko, A. 2009. The effects of commercial preparations containing two different GnRH analogues and dopamine antagonists on spermiation and sperm characteristics in the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.). Aquaculture 286: 328-331.
Kucharczyk, D.; Kujawa, R.; Mamcarz, A.; Targonska-Dietrich, K.; Wyszomirska, E.; Glogowski, J.; Babiak, I. & Szabo, T. 2005. Induced spawning in bream (Abramis brama L.) using pellets containing GnRH. Czech Journal of Animal Science 50: 89-95.
Kucharczyk, D.; Targonska, K. & Chwaluczyk, R. 2014. Application of Ovaprim in artificial reproduction of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L. under controlled conditions. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1 (1): 7-11.
Kumakura, N.; Okuzawa, K.; Gen, K. & Kagawa, H. 2003. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and dopamine antagonist on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of pre-pubertal female red seabream (Pagrus major). General and comparative endocrinology 131: 264-273.
Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. 1996. Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome.
Lin, H.R.; Zhou, X.J.; Van Der Kraak, G. & Peter, R.E. 1991. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and dopamine antagonists on gonadotropin secretion and ovulation in Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Aquaculture 95: 139-147.
McLean, E.; Parker, D.B.; Warby, C.M.; Sherwood, N.M. & Donaldson, E.M. 1991. Gonadotropin release following oral delivery of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its superactive analogue (des-Gly10 [D-Ala6] LHRH ethylamide) to 17β-oestradiol-primed coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Biology 38: 851-858.
Mylonas, C.C.; Fostier, A. & Zanuy, S. 2009. Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of fish reproduction. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165: 516-534.
Mylonas, C.C. & Zohar, Y. 2001. Use of GnRHa-delivery systems for the control of reproduction in fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 463-491.
Peter, R.; Sokolowska, M.; Nahorniak, C.; Rivier, J. & Vale, W. 1987. Comparison of [D-Arg6, Trp7, Leu8, Pro9 NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (sGnRH-A), and [D-Ala6, Pro9 NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A), in combination with pimozide, in stimulating gonadotropin release and ovulation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 987-991.
Peter, R. & Yu, K. 1997. Neuroendocrine regulation of ovulation in fishes: basic and applied aspects. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7: 173-197.
Peter, R.E.; Lin, H.R. & Van Der Kraak, G. 1988. Induced ovulation and spawning of cultured freshwater fish in China: Advances in application of GnRH analogues and dopamine antagonists. Aquaculture 74: 1-10.
Rath, S.; Sarkar, S.; Gupta, S. & Sarangi, N. 2007. Comparative account of induced breeding of Indian major carps with ovaprim, ovatide, wova-FH and carp pituitary extract. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 77: 1057-1060.
Ribeiro, A.; Ribeiro, L.; Sæle, Ø.; Hamre, K.; Dinis, M. & Moren, M. 2011. Iodine‐enriched rotifers and Artemia prevent goitre in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae reared in a recirculation system. Aquaculture Nutrition 17: 248-257.
Sayili, M.; Akca, H.; Duman, T. & Esengun, K. 2007. Psoriasis treatment via doctor fishes as part of health tourism: A case study of Kangal Fish Spring, Turkey. Tourism Management 28: 625-629.
Sokolowska, M.; Peter, R.; Nahorniak, C.; Pan, C.; Chang, J.; Crim, L. & Weil, C. 1984. Induction of ovulation in goldfish, Carassius auratus, by pimozide and analogues of LH-RH. Aquaculture 36: 71-83.
Solar, I.; McLean, E.; Baker, I.; Sherwood, N. & Donaldson, E. 1990. Short communication: Induced ovulation of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) following oral administration of des Gly10 LH-RH ethylamide. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 8: 497-499.
Sundarabarathy, T.V.; Edirisinghe, U. & Dematawewa, C.M.B. 2005. Breeding and larval rearing of threatened, endemic fish stonesucker, Garra ceylonensis (Bleeker). Aquaculture Research 36: 196-201.
Szabó, T. 2003. Ovulation induction in northern pike Esox lucius L. using different GnRH analogues, Ovaprim, Dagin and carp pituitary. Aquaculture Research 34: 479-486.
Vazirzadeh, A. & Ezhdehakoshpour, A. 2014. The effects of different hormonal treatments on the oocyte maturation in wild grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) collected from the Iranian coastal waters of the Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(1): 17-22.
Vazirzadeh, A.; Mojazi Amiri, B.; Yelghi, S.; Hajimoradloo, A.; Nematollahi, M.A. & Mylonas, C.C. 2011. Comparison of the effects of different methods of mammalian and salmon GnRHa administration on spawning performance in wild-caught female carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) from the Caspian Sea. Aquaculture 320: 123-128.
Wildt, D.E.; Seal, U.S. & Rall, W.F. 1993. Genetic resource banks and reproductive technology for wildlife conservation. In: Cloud, J.G. & Thorgaard, G.H. (eds), Genetic conservation of salmonid fishes. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 159-173.
Yaron, Z. 1995. Endocrine control of gametogenesis and spawning induction in the carp. Aquaculture 129: 49-73.
Zohar, Y.; Muñoz-Cueto, J.A.; Elizur, A. & Kah, O. 2010. Neuroendocrinology of reproduction in teleost fish. General and comparative endocrinology 165: 438-455.
Zohar, Y. & Mylonas, C.C. 2001. Endocrine manipulations of spawning in cultured fish: from hormones to genes. Aquaculture 197: 99-136.
References
Breton, B. & Weil, C. 1973. Effets d’extraits hypothalcimiques de carpe et de LH-FSH-RH de synthése, sur la secretion d’hormone gonadotrope c-GTH in vivo chez la carpe Cyprinus carpio L. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series D 277: 2061-2064. In French.
Brzuska, E. & Adamek, J. 1997. An attempt at the stimulation of ovulation in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using Ovaprim. Komunikaty Rybackie 1: 19-21.
Chang, J. & Peter, R. 1983. Effects of pimozide and des Gly10,[-Ala6] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide on serum gonadotropin concentrations, germinal vesicle migration, and ovulation in female goldfish, Carassius auratus. General and Comparative Endocrinology 52: 30-37.
Chaube, R.; Singh, R. & Joy, K. 2014. Effects of ovaprim, a commercial spawning inducer, on vasotocin and steroid hormone profiles in the catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis): In vivo and in vitro studies. General and comparative endocrinology 195: 190-200.
Dufour, S.; Weltzien, F.A.; Sebert, M.E.; Le Belle, N.; Vidal, B.; Vernier, P. & Pasqualini, C. 2005. Dopaminergic inhibition of reproduction in teleost fishes: ecophysiological and evolutionary implications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1040: 9-2.
Esmaeili, H.; Yazdanpanah, M. & Monsefi, M. 2005. Reproductive biology of doctor fish, Garra rufa (Cyprinidae: Garrinae), in southwest of Iran. Journal of Fish Biology 67: 282-282.
Glasser, F.; Mikolajczyk, T.; Jalabert, B.; Baroiller, J.F. & Breton, B. 2004. Temperature effects along the reproductive axis during spawning induction of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). General and Comparative Endocrinology 136: 171-179.
Guzmán, J.M.; Cal, R.; García-López, Á.; Chereguini, O.; Kight, K.; Olmedo, M.; Sarasquete, C.; Mylonas, C.C.; Peleteiro, J.B. & Zohar, Y. 2011. Effects of in vivo treatment with the dopamine antagonist pimozide and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on the reproductive axis of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 158: 235-245.
Habibi, H.R.; Marchant, T.A.; Nahorniak, C.S.; Van der Loo, H.; Peter, R.E.; Rivier, J.E. & Vale, W.W. 1989. Functional relationship between receptor binding and biological activity for analogs of mammalian and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the pituitary of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Biology of Reproduction 40: 1152-1161.
Kime, D.E.; Epler, P.; Bieniarz, K.; Sokolowska, M.; Motyka, K. & Mikolajczyk, T. 1987. The temporal sequence of changes in oocyte maturation and ovarian steroid hormone production during induced ovulation in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. General and Comparative Endocrinology 68: 313-321.
Król, J.; Kowalski, R.; Hliwa, P.; Dietrich, G.; Stabiński, R. & Ciereszko, A. 2009. The effects of commercial preparations containing two different GnRH analogues and dopamine antagonists on spermiation and sperm characteristics in the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.). Aquaculture 286: 328-331.
Kucharczyk, D.; Kujawa, R.; Mamcarz, A.; Targonska-Dietrich, K.; Wyszomirska, E.; Glogowski, J.; Babiak, I. & Szabo, T. 2005. Induced spawning in bream (Abramis brama L.) using pellets containing GnRH. Czech Journal of Animal Science 50: 89-95.
Kucharczyk, D.; Targonska, K. & Chwaluczyk, R. 2014. Application of Ovaprim in artificial reproduction of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L. under controlled conditions. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1 (1): 7-11.
Kumakura, N.; Okuzawa, K.; Gen, K. & Kagawa, H. 2003. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and dopamine antagonist on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of pre-pubertal female red seabream (Pagrus major). General and comparative endocrinology 131: 264-273.
Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. 1996. Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome.
Lin, H.R.; Zhou, X.J.; Van Der Kraak, G. & Peter, R.E. 1991. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and dopamine antagonists on gonadotropin secretion and ovulation in Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Aquaculture 95: 139-147.
McLean, E.; Parker, D.B.; Warby, C.M.; Sherwood, N.M. & Donaldson, E.M. 1991. Gonadotropin release following oral delivery of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its superactive analogue (des-Gly10 [D-Ala6] LHRH ethylamide) to 17β-oestradiol-primed coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Biology 38: 851-858.
Mylonas, C.C.; Fostier, A. & Zanuy, S. 2009. Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of fish reproduction. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165: 516-534.
Mylonas, C.C. & Zohar, Y. 2001. Use of GnRHa-delivery systems for the control of reproduction in fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 463-491.
Peter, R.; Sokolowska, M.; Nahorniak, C.; Rivier, J. & Vale, W. 1987. Comparison of [D-Arg6, Trp7, Leu8, Pro9 NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (sGnRH-A), and [D-Ala6, Pro9 NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A), in combination with pimozide, in stimulating gonadotropin release and ovulation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 987-991.
Peter, R. & Yu, K. 1997. Neuroendocrine regulation of ovulation in fishes: basic and applied aspects. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7: 173-197.
Peter, R.E.; Lin, H.R. & Van Der Kraak, G. 1988. Induced ovulation and spawning of cultured freshwater fish in China: Advances in application of GnRH analogues and dopamine antagonists. Aquaculture 74: 1-10.
Rath, S.; Sarkar, S.; Gupta, S. & Sarangi, N. 2007. Comparative account of induced breeding of Indian major carps with ovaprim, ovatide, wova-FH and carp pituitary extract. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 77: 1057-1060.
Ribeiro, A.; Ribeiro, L.; Sæle, Ø.; Hamre, K.; Dinis, M. & Moren, M. 2011. Iodine‐enriched rotifers and Artemia prevent goitre in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae reared in a recirculation system. Aquaculture Nutrition 17: 248-257.
Sayili, M.; Akca, H.; Duman, T. & Esengun, K. 2007. Psoriasis treatment via doctor fishes as part of health tourism: A case study of Kangal Fish Spring, Turkey. Tourism Management 28: 625-629.
Sokolowska, M.; Peter, R.; Nahorniak, C.; Pan, C.; Chang, J.; Crim, L. & Weil, C. 1984. Induction of ovulation in goldfish, Carassius auratus, by pimozide and analogues of LH-RH. Aquaculture 36: 71-83.
Solar, I.; McLean, E.; Baker, I.; Sherwood, N. & Donaldson, E. 1990. Short communication: Induced ovulation of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) following oral administration of des Gly10 LH-RH ethylamide. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 8: 497-499.
Sundarabarathy, T.V.; Edirisinghe, U. & Dematawewa, C.M.B. 2005. Breeding and larval rearing of threatened, endemic fish stonesucker, Garra ceylonensis (Bleeker). Aquaculture Research 36: 196-201.
Szabó, T. 2003. Ovulation induction in northern pike Esox lucius L. using different GnRH analogues, Ovaprim, Dagin and carp pituitary. Aquaculture Research 34: 479-486.
Vazirzadeh, A. & Ezhdehakoshpour, A. 2014. The effects of different hormonal treatments on the oocyte maturation in wild grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) collected from the Iranian coastal waters of the Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(1): 17-22.
Vazirzadeh, A.; Mojazi Amiri, B.; Yelghi, S.; Hajimoradloo, A.; Nematollahi, M.A. & Mylonas, C.C. 2011. Comparison of the effects of different methods of mammalian and salmon GnRHa administration on spawning performance in wild-caught female carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) from the Caspian Sea. Aquaculture 320: 123-128.
Wildt, D.E.; Seal, U.S. & Rall, W.F. 1993. Genetic resource banks and reproductive technology for wildlife conservation. In: Cloud, J.G. & Thorgaard, G.H. (eds), Genetic conservation of salmonid fishes. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 159-173.
Yaron, Z. 1995. Endocrine control of gametogenesis and spawning induction in the carp. Aquaculture 129: 49-73.
Zohar, Y.; Muñoz-Cueto, J.A.; Elizur, A. & Kah, O. 2010. Neuroendocrinology of reproduction in teleost fish. General and comparative endocrinology 165: 438-455.
Zohar, Y. & Mylonas, C.C. 2001. Endocrine manipulations of spawning in cultured fish: from hormones to genes. Aquaculture 197: 99-136.
Brzuska, E. & Adamek, J. 1997. An attempt at the stimulation of ovulation in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using Ovaprim. Komunikaty Rybackie 1: 19-21.
Chang, J. & Peter, R. 1983. Effects of pimozide and des Gly10,[-Ala6] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide on serum gonadotropin concentrations, germinal vesicle migration, and ovulation in female goldfish, Carassius auratus. General and Comparative Endocrinology 52: 30-37.
Chaube, R.; Singh, R. & Joy, K. 2014. Effects of ovaprim, a commercial spawning inducer, on vasotocin and steroid hormone profiles in the catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis): In vivo and in vitro studies. General and comparative endocrinology 195: 190-200.
Dufour, S.; Weltzien, F.A.; Sebert, M.E.; Le Belle, N.; Vidal, B.; Vernier, P. & Pasqualini, C. 2005. Dopaminergic inhibition of reproduction in teleost fishes: ecophysiological and evolutionary implications. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1040: 9-2.
Esmaeili, H.; Yazdanpanah, M. & Monsefi, M. 2005. Reproductive biology of doctor fish, Garra rufa (Cyprinidae: Garrinae), in southwest of Iran. Journal of Fish Biology 67: 282-282.
Glasser, F.; Mikolajczyk, T.; Jalabert, B.; Baroiller, J.F. & Breton, B. 2004. Temperature effects along the reproductive axis during spawning induction of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). General and Comparative Endocrinology 136: 171-179.
Guzmán, J.M.; Cal, R.; García-López, Á.; Chereguini, O.; Kight, K.; Olmedo, M.; Sarasquete, C.; Mylonas, C.C.; Peleteiro, J.B. & Zohar, Y. 2011. Effects of in vivo treatment with the dopamine antagonist pimozide and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) on the reproductive axis of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 158: 235-245.
Habibi, H.R.; Marchant, T.A.; Nahorniak, C.S.; Van der Loo, H.; Peter, R.E.; Rivier, J.E. & Vale, W.W. 1989. Functional relationship between receptor binding and biological activity for analogs of mammalian and salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the pituitary of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Biology of Reproduction 40: 1152-1161.
Kime, D.E.; Epler, P.; Bieniarz, K.; Sokolowska, M.; Motyka, K. & Mikolajczyk, T. 1987. The temporal sequence of changes in oocyte maturation and ovarian steroid hormone production during induced ovulation in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio. General and Comparative Endocrinology 68: 313-321.
Król, J.; Kowalski, R.; Hliwa, P.; Dietrich, G.; Stabiński, R. & Ciereszko, A. 2009. The effects of commercial preparations containing two different GnRH analogues and dopamine antagonists on spermiation and sperm characteristics in the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus L.). Aquaculture 286: 328-331.
Kucharczyk, D.; Kujawa, R.; Mamcarz, A.; Targonska-Dietrich, K.; Wyszomirska, E.; Glogowski, J.; Babiak, I. & Szabo, T. 2005. Induced spawning in bream (Abramis brama L.) using pellets containing GnRH. Czech Journal of Animal Science 50: 89-95.
Kucharczyk, D.; Targonska, K. & Chwaluczyk, R. 2014. Application of Ovaprim in artificial reproduction of Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L. under controlled conditions. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1 (1): 7-11.
Kumakura, N.; Okuzawa, K.; Gen, K. & Kagawa, H. 2003. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and dopamine antagonist on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis of pre-pubertal female red seabream (Pagrus major). General and comparative endocrinology 131: 264-273.
Lavens, P. & Sorgeloos, P. 1996. Manual on the production and use of live food for aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome.
Lin, H.R.; Zhou, X.J.; Van Der Kraak, G. & Peter, R.E. 1991. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and dopamine antagonists on gonadotropin secretion and ovulation in Chinese loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus. Aquaculture 95: 139-147.
McLean, E.; Parker, D.B.; Warby, C.M.; Sherwood, N.M. & Donaldson, E.M. 1991. Gonadotropin release following oral delivery of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and its superactive analogue (des-Gly10 [D-Ala6] LHRH ethylamide) to 17β-oestradiol-primed coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Biology 38: 851-858.
Mylonas, C.C.; Fostier, A. & Zanuy, S. 2009. Broodstock management and hormonal manipulations of fish reproduction. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165: 516-534.
Mylonas, C.C. & Zohar, Y. 2001. Use of GnRHa-delivery systems for the control of reproduction in fish. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10: 463-491.
Peter, R.; Sokolowska, M.; Nahorniak, C.; Rivier, J. & Vale, W. 1987. Comparison of [D-Arg6, Trp7, Leu8, Pro9 NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (sGnRH-A), and [D-Ala6, Pro9 NEt]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-A), in combination with pimozide, in stimulating gonadotropin release and ovulation in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65: 987-991.
Peter, R. & Yu, K. 1997. Neuroendocrine regulation of ovulation in fishes: basic and applied aspects. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 7: 173-197.
Peter, R.E.; Lin, H.R. & Van Der Kraak, G. 1988. Induced ovulation and spawning of cultured freshwater fish in China: Advances in application of GnRH analogues and dopamine antagonists. Aquaculture 74: 1-10.
Rath, S.; Sarkar, S.; Gupta, S. & Sarangi, N. 2007. Comparative account of induced breeding of Indian major carps with ovaprim, ovatide, wova-FH and carp pituitary extract. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 77: 1057-1060.
Ribeiro, A.; Ribeiro, L.; Sæle, Ø.; Hamre, K.; Dinis, M. & Moren, M. 2011. Iodine‐enriched rotifers and Artemia prevent goitre in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae reared in a recirculation system. Aquaculture Nutrition 17: 248-257.
Sayili, M.; Akca, H.; Duman, T. & Esengun, K. 2007. Psoriasis treatment via doctor fishes as part of health tourism: A case study of Kangal Fish Spring, Turkey. Tourism Management 28: 625-629.
Sokolowska, M.; Peter, R.; Nahorniak, C.; Pan, C.; Chang, J.; Crim, L. & Weil, C. 1984. Induction of ovulation in goldfish, Carassius auratus, by pimozide and analogues of LH-RH. Aquaculture 36: 71-83.
Solar, I.; McLean, E.; Baker, I.; Sherwood, N. & Donaldson, E. 1990. Short communication: Induced ovulation of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) following oral administration of des Gly10 LH-RH ethylamide. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 8: 497-499.
Sundarabarathy, T.V.; Edirisinghe, U. & Dematawewa, C.M.B. 2005. Breeding and larval rearing of threatened, endemic fish stonesucker, Garra ceylonensis (Bleeker). Aquaculture Research 36: 196-201.
Szabó, T. 2003. Ovulation induction in northern pike Esox lucius L. using different GnRH analogues, Ovaprim, Dagin and carp pituitary. Aquaculture Research 34: 479-486.
Vazirzadeh, A. & Ezhdehakoshpour, A. 2014. The effects of different hormonal treatments on the oocyte maturation in wild grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) collected from the Iranian coastal waters of the Oman Sea. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 1(1): 17-22.
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