Main Article Content
Abstract
The chemical composition of Prosopis farcta extracts was prepared and analyzed by GC-MS. Ten phytochemical constituents were identified in the fruit of P. farcta. The relative percentage of Palmitic acid methyl ester was high (32.61%) followed by 9-12 octadecenoic acid methyl ester (23.16%) and then stearic acid methyl ester (13.93%), 10-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (13.05), 9-Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (5.41%), linoleic acid methyl ester (4.13%) and some components present at lower percentages such as pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.01%).
Keywords
Palmitic acid
Fabaceae
Gas Chromatography-MS Analysis.
Article Details
License
The authors transfer the copyrights of their papers to the Iranian Society of Ichthyology. However, the information could be used in accordance with the Creative Commons licence (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)
How to Cite
AL-WAHEEB, A. N. (2021). Chemical composition of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Soland) Macbride (Leguminoseae or Fabaceae) fruits. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 8, 120–126. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i0.652
References
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Al-Abdula, A.A. & Al-Lami, M.S. 2014. Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum L. peels extracts against three common human wound pathogenic bacteria and formulation of topical ointment and hydrogel pharmaceutical forms, University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 4(3): 1-7.
Al-Aboudi, A. & Afifi, F.U. 2011. Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Jordan: a review of scientific evidence. Pharmaceutical Biology 49: 221-39.
Alhasan, Dh.A.H.; Dawood, A.Q. & Muter, A.D. 2019. InVitroAntimicrobial Activityof Conocarpus spp Leaf Crude Extract. University of Thi-Qar Journal 14(2):1-14.
Al-sherif, E.A. 2007. Effected of chemical scarification, Salinity and preheating on seed germination of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Solandy). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 2(3): 227-230.
Andrade-Montemayor, H.M.; Alegría-Ríos, F.S.; Pacheco-López, M.; Aguilar-Borjas, J.H.; Villegas Díaz, J.L.O. & Basurto -Gutierrez, R. 2009. Effect of dry roasting on composition, digestibility and degradability of fiber fractions of mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata) as feed supplement in goats. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 11: 237-243.
Asadollahi, K.; Abassi, N.; Afshar, N; Alipour, M. & Asadollahi, P. 2010. Investigation of the effects of Prosopis farcta plant extract on Rat’s aorta. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(2): 142-147.
Azab, A. 2018. Antifungal and antit-termite activites, total phenolic content of Prosopis farcta extracts; attempts to develop weed bicontrol method against IT. European Chemical Bulletin 7(10): 293-302.
Bernardi, C.; Sanchez, H.; Freyre, M. & Osella, C. 2010. Gluten-free bread formulated with Prosopis ruscifolia (vinal) seed and corn flours. Int. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 61: 245-255.
Belitz, M.D. & Grosch, W. 2009. Food chemistry (2rd Ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: springer-verlag. 188(190): 663-664.
Botta, B.; Delle Monache, G.; Menendez, P. & A. Boffi, A. 2005. Novel prenyltransferase enzymes as a tool for flavonoid prenylation. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 26: 606-608.
Burnham, R.J. & Johnson, K.R. 2004. South American Paleobotany and the Origins of Neotropical Rain Forests. Royal Society. UK. 1610 p.
Calislar, S. & Kaplan, Y. 2017. Effects of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pod byproduct on quail performance, egg characteristics, fatty acids, and cholesterol levels, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 46(2): 113-117.
Custódio, L.; Escapa, A.L.; Patarra, J.; Aligué, R.; Alberício, F.; Neng, N.R.; Nogueira, J.M.F. & Romano, A. 2013. (Sapwood of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Records Nature Production 7: 225-229.
Cyriac, M.B.; Pai, V. Ipe Varghese, I.; Manjula Shantaram, M. & Jose, M. 2012. Antimicrobial properties of Areca catechu (Areca nut) husk extracts against common oral pathogens International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 3(1):81-84.
de Jesus Pereira, T.C.; Albuquerque Pereira, M.L.; Santana de Oliveira, C.A.; da Silva Argôlo, L.; de Oliveira Silva, H.G.; dos Santos Pedreira, M.; Presidio Almeida, P.J. & Batista dos Santos, A. 2013. Mesquite pod meal in diets for lactating goats. Rev. Bras. Zootecnchnic 42: 102-108.
Elmhdwi, M.F.; Mariam, M.A.; Naema, M.; Yusra, F.L. & Wejdan, K. 2018. Biochemical studies on the effect of fixed oil extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis on blood lipid level in male albino Mice. Journal of Biomedical Research and Reviews 1(1): 43-49.
Felker, P.; Takeoka, G. & Lan, D. 2013. Pod mesocarp flour of north and South American species of leguminous tree Prosopis (mesquite): composition and food applications. Food Reviews International 29: 49-66.
Floras, E. 2010. A collection of on-line floras from around the world. Harvard University.
Fraz, M. 2009. Khan. Ethno-Veterinary medicinal usage of flora of greater cholista desert (Pakistan). Pakistan Veterinary Journal 29(2): 75-80.
George, C.; Lochner, A. & Huisamen, B. 2011. The efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as antidiabetic treatment in rat models of diabetes and insulin resistance. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137:298-304.
Harzallah-Skhiri, F. 2003. Thèse d’Etat, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisie, 2 Juliet. 268 p.
Harzallah-Skhiri, F. & Ben Jannet, H. 2005. Flavonoids Diversification in Organs of Two Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) Eig. (Leguminosea, Mimosoideae) Populations Occurring in the Northeast and the Southeast of Tunisia, Journal of Applied Sciences Research 1(2): 130-136.
Huisamen, B.; Gerge, C.; Dietrich, D. & Genade, S. 2013. Cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive effects of Prosopis glandulosa in rat models of pre-diabetes. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa 24: 10-16.
Karababa, E. & Coşkuner, Y. 2013. Physical properties of carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.): an industrial gum yielding crop. Industrial Crops and Products 42: 440-446.
Karimi, E.; Aidy, A. & Abbasi, N. 2017. Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Prosopis farcta from Two Different Ecological Zones of Iran. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 12(2): 116.
Jafarpour, A.; ElhamiRad, A.H. & Mirsaeedghazi, H. 2014. Evaluation of physicochemical characteristic of Persian mesquite grain (Prosopis farcta) oil, International Journal of Biosciences 5(1): 308-314.
Jahromi, M.A.F.; Etemadfard, H. & Zebarjad, Z. 2018. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Characteristics of Volatile Components and Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Prosopis farcta (Bank & Soland.) Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(3): 177-186.
Massaro, M.; Carluccio, M.A. & De Caterina, R. 1999. Direct vascular antiatherogenic effects of oleic acid: a clue to the cardioprotective effects of the Mediterranean diet. Cardiologia 44(6): 507-513.
Mollashahi, M.; Tehranipour, M.; Khayyatzade, J. & ZahraJavad Moosavi, B. 2013. The neuroprotective effects of Prosopis farcta pod aqueous and ethanol extracts on spinal cord α-motoneurons neuronal density after sciatic nerve injury in rats. Life Sciences 10: 293-297.
Omidi, A.; Ansarinik, H. & Ghazaghi, M. 2013. Prosopis farcta beans increase HDL choles¬terol and decrease LDL cholesterol in ostriches (Struthio camelus). Tropical Animal Health and Production 45: 431-34.
Othman, L.A. & Shaswary, I.A.N. 2018. Chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Prosopis farcta (Fabacea) fruit from Iraq –Kurdistan region, Journal of University of Duhok. Pure and Eng. Sciences 21(2): 59-67.
Pasiecznik, N.M.; Harris, P.J.C. & Smith, S.J. 2004. Identifying Tropical Prosopis Species: A Field Guide. Coventry, England: HDRA Publishing.
Peña-Avelino, L.Y.; Pinos-Rodríguez, J.M.; Yáñez-Estrada, L.; Juárez-Flores, B.I.; Mejia, R. & Andrade-Zaldivar, H. 2014. Chemical composition and in vitro degradation of red and white mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) pods. South African Journal of Animal Science 44: 3.
Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979. Flore de la Tunisie. Angiospermes-Dicotylédones, Apétales Dialypétales. Publications Scientifiques Tunisiennes. 293 p.
Poudineh, Z.; Amiri1, R.; Najafi, Sh. & Mir, N. 2015. Total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of seed and pod of Prosopis farcta. Azarian Journal of Agriculture 2(2): 51-56.
Qasem, J.R. 2007. Chemical control of Prosopis farcta (Banks and Sol.) Macbride in the Jordan Valley. Crop Protection 26: 572-575.
Rae, K.A.; Casaretto, J.A.; Al-Abdul-Wahid, M.S.; Sukumaran, A.; McAlister, J.G.; Rothstein, S.J. & Akhtar, T.A. 2019. Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L. Photochemistry 164:162-171.
Rahman, A.A, Samoylenko, V.; Jacob, M.R.; Sahu, R.; Jain, S.K.; Khan, S.I.; Tekwani, B.L. & Muhammad, I. 2010. Antiparasitic and antimicrobial indolizidines from the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa. Planta Med 77: 1639- 1643.
Rizzo, W.B.; Watkins, P.A.; Phillips, M.W.; Cranin, D.; Campbell, B. & Avigan, J. 1986. Adrenoleukodys-trophy: oleic acid lowers fibroblast saturated C22–26 fatty acids. Neurology 36: 357-361.
Robertson, S.; Narayanan, N. & Raj Kapoor, B. 2011. Antitumour activity of Prosopis cineraria (l) druce against ehrlich ascites carcinoma-induced mice. Natural Product Research 25: 857-62.
Russell, P. & Macbr, J.F. 2009. Prosopis farcta. Retrieved from: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/FNW/FNW %20Mimosoideae/html/fact%20sheets/Prosopis%20 farcta.
Saeidi, S.; Nezhad, N.M.; Sharifi-Rad, M.; Fereshteh Javadian, F. & Javadian, E. 2018. Antimicrobial Activity of Prosopis farcta L. and Datura stramonium L. Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Herbal Drugs 9(1): 29-32.
Saidi, M.R.; Farzaei, M.H.; Miraghaee, Sh.; Babaei, A.; Mohammadi, B.; Bahrami, M.T. & Bahrami, G. 2016. Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Syrian Mesquite (Prosopis farcta) Root in High Cholesterol Diet–Fed Rabbits, Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 21(4): 62-66.
Salari, S.; Bahabadi, S.E.; Samzadeh-Kermani, A. & Yosefzaei, F. 2019. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial potential of greensynthesized silver nanoparticles using Prosopis farcta fruit extract. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18(1): 430.
Saleh, Ah.H. & Taha, K.M. 2020. Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis aqueous extract on some biochemical barameters and histological characteristics of aorta in hyperlipidemia male rats. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science (UTsci) 7(2): 1-4.
Sharma, N.; Garg, V. & Paul, A. 2010. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-oxidative potential of Prosopis cineraria bark. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 25: 193-200.
Shtayeh, M.S.A.; Jamous, R.M.; Al-Shafie, J.H.; Elgharabah, W.A.; Kherfan, F.A.; Qarariah, K.H.; Khdair, I.S.; Soos, I.M.; Musleh, A.A.; Isa, B.A.; Herzallah, H.M.; Khlaif, R.B.; Aiash, S.M.; Swaiti, Gh.M.; Abuzahra, M.A.; Haj-Ali, M.M.; Saifi, N.A.; Azem, H.K. & Nasrallah, H.A. 2008. Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used in Palestine (Northern West Bank): A comparative study. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4: 1-13.
Sultan, M.Q.; Gusar, S.H. & Kredy, H.M. 2015. Antibacterial activity of Saponins extract from Lepudium aucheri boiss. University of Thi-Qar Journal 10 (1): 1-9.
Vochyánová, Z.; Pokorná, M.; Rotrekl, D.; Smékal, V.; Fictum, P.; Suchý, P. & Hošek, J. 2017. Prenylated flavonoid morusin protects against TNBS-induced colitis in rats. PLoS One 12(8): e0182464.
Wätjen, W.; Weber, N.; Lou, Y.J.; Wang, Z.Q.; Chovolou, Y.; Kampkötter, A.; Kahl, R. & Proksch, P. 2007. Prenylation enhances cytotoxicity of apigenin and liquiritigenin in rat H4IIE hepatoma and C6 glioma cell. Food and Chemical Toxicology 45: 119-124.
Werz, O.; Seegers, J.; Schaible, A.M.; Weinigel, C.; Barz, D.; Koeberle, A.; Allegrone, G.; Pollastro, F.; Zampieri, L.; Grassi, G. & Appendino, G. 2014. Cannflavins from hemp sprouts, a novel cannabinoid-free hemp food product, target microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase. Pharma-Nutrition 2: 53-60.
References
Al-Abdula, A.A. & Al-Lami, M.S. 2014. Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum L. peels extracts against three common human wound pathogenic bacteria and formulation of topical ointment and hydrogel pharmaceutical forms, University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science 4(3): 1-7.
Al-Aboudi, A. & Afifi, F.U. 2011. Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Jordan: a review of scientific evidence. Pharmaceutical Biology 49: 221-39.
Alhasan, Dh.A.H.; Dawood, A.Q. & Muter, A.D. 2019. InVitroAntimicrobial Activityof Conocarpus spp Leaf Crude Extract. University of Thi-Qar Journal 14(2):1-14.
Al-sherif, E.A. 2007. Effected of chemical scarification, Salinity and preheating on seed germination of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Solandy). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 2(3): 227-230.
Andrade-Montemayor, H.M.; Alegría-Ríos, F.S.; Pacheco-López, M.; Aguilar-Borjas, J.H.; Villegas Díaz, J.L.O. & Basurto -Gutierrez, R. 2009. Effect of dry roasting on composition, digestibility and degradability of fiber fractions of mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata) as feed supplement in goats. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 11: 237-243.
Asadollahi, K.; Abassi, N.; Afshar, N; Alipour, M. & Asadollahi, P. 2010. Investigation of the effects of Prosopis farcta plant extract on Rat’s aorta. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(2): 142-147.
Azab, A. 2018. Antifungal and antit-termite activites, total phenolic content of Prosopis farcta extracts; attempts to develop weed bicontrol method against IT. European Chemical Bulletin 7(10): 293-302.
Bernardi, C.; Sanchez, H.; Freyre, M. & Osella, C. 2010. Gluten-free bread formulated with Prosopis ruscifolia (vinal) seed and corn flours. Int. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 61: 245-255.
Belitz, M.D. & Grosch, W. 2009. Food chemistry (2rd Ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: springer-verlag. 188(190): 663-664.
Botta, B.; Delle Monache, G.; Menendez, P. & A. Boffi, A. 2005. Novel prenyltransferase enzymes as a tool for flavonoid prenylation. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 26: 606-608.
Burnham, R.J. & Johnson, K.R. 2004. South American Paleobotany and the Origins of Neotropical Rain Forests. Royal Society. UK. 1610 p.
Calislar, S. & Kaplan, Y. 2017. Effects of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pod byproduct on quail performance, egg characteristics, fatty acids, and cholesterol levels, Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 46(2): 113-117.
Custódio, L.; Escapa, A.L.; Patarra, J.; Aligué, R.; Alberício, F.; Neng, N.R.; Nogueira, J.M.F. & Romano, A. 2013. (Sapwood of carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) as a potential source of bioactive compounds. Records Nature Production 7: 225-229.
Cyriac, M.B.; Pai, V. Ipe Varghese, I.; Manjula Shantaram, M. & Jose, M. 2012. Antimicrobial properties of Areca catechu (Areca nut) husk extracts against common oral pathogens International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 3(1):81-84.
de Jesus Pereira, T.C.; Albuquerque Pereira, M.L.; Santana de Oliveira, C.A.; da Silva Argôlo, L.; de Oliveira Silva, H.G.; dos Santos Pedreira, M.; Presidio Almeida, P.J. & Batista dos Santos, A. 2013. Mesquite pod meal in diets for lactating goats. Rev. Bras. Zootecnchnic 42: 102-108.
Elmhdwi, M.F.; Mariam, M.A.; Naema, M.; Yusra, F.L. & Wejdan, K. 2018. Biochemical studies on the effect of fixed oil extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis on blood lipid level in male albino Mice. Journal of Biomedical Research and Reviews 1(1): 43-49.
Felker, P.; Takeoka, G. & Lan, D. 2013. Pod mesocarp flour of north and South American species of leguminous tree Prosopis (mesquite): composition and food applications. Food Reviews International 29: 49-66.
Floras, E. 2010. A collection of on-line floras from around the world. Harvard University.
Fraz, M. 2009. Khan. Ethno-Veterinary medicinal usage of flora of greater cholista desert (Pakistan). Pakistan Veterinary Journal 29(2): 75-80.
George, C.; Lochner, A. & Huisamen, B. 2011. The efficacy of Prosopis glandulosa as antidiabetic treatment in rat models of diabetes and insulin resistance. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 137:298-304.
Harzallah-Skhiri, F. 2003. Thèse d’Etat, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunisie, 2 Juliet. 268 p.
Harzallah-Skhiri, F. & Ben Jannet, H. 2005. Flavonoids Diversification in Organs of Two Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) Eig. (Leguminosea, Mimosoideae) Populations Occurring in the Northeast and the Southeast of Tunisia, Journal of Applied Sciences Research 1(2): 130-136.
Huisamen, B.; Gerge, C.; Dietrich, D. & Genade, S. 2013. Cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive effects of Prosopis glandulosa in rat models of pre-diabetes. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa 24: 10-16.
Karababa, E. & Coşkuner, Y. 2013. Physical properties of carob bean (Ceratonia siliqua L.): an industrial gum yielding crop. Industrial Crops and Products 42: 440-446.
Karimi, E.; Aidy, A. & Abbasi, N. 2017. Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Prosopis farcta from Two Different Ecological Zones of Iran. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology 12(2): 116.
Jafarpour, A.; ElhamiRad, A.H. & Mirsaeedghazi, H. 2014. Evaluation of physicochemical characteristic of Persian mesquite grain (Prosopis farcta) oil, International Journal of Biosciences 5(1): 308-314.
Jahromi, M.A.F.; Etemadfard, H. & Zebarjad, Z. 2018. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Characteristics of Volatile Components and Ethanolic Fruit Extract of Prosopis farcta (Bank & Soland.) Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences 4(3): 177-186.
Massaro, M.; Carluccio, M.A. & De Caterina, R. 1999. Direct vascular antiatherogenic effects of oleic acid: a clue to the cardioprotective effects of the Mediterranean diet. Cardiologia 44(6): 507-513.
Mollashahi, M.; Tehranipour, M.; Khayyatzade, J. & ZahraJavad Moosavi, B. 2013. The neuroprotective effects of Prosopis farcta pod aqueous and ethanol extracts on spinal cord α-motoneurons neuronal density after sciatic nerve injury in rats. Life Sciences 10: 293-297.
Omidi, A.; Ansarinik, H. & Ghazaghi, M. 2013. Prosopis farcta beans increase HDL choles¬terol and decrease LDL cholesterol in ostriches (Struthio camelus). Tropical Animal Health and Production 45: 431-34.
Othman, L.A. & Shaswary, I.A.N. 2018. Chemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Prosopis farcta (Fabacea) fruit from Iraq –Kurdistan region, Journal of University of Duhok. Pure and Eng. Sciences 21(2): 59-67.
Pasiecznik, N.M.; Harris, P.J.C. & Smith, S.J. 2004. Identifying Tropical Prosopis Species: A Field Guide. Coventry, England: HDRA Publishing.
Peña-Avelino, L.Y.; Pinos-Rodríguez, J.M.; Yáñez-Estrada, L.; Juárez-Flores, B.I.; Mejia, R. & Andrade-Zaldivar, H. 2014. Chemical composition and in vitro degradation of red and white mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) pods. South African Journal of Animal Science 44: 3.
Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979. Flore de la Tunisie. Angiospermes-Dicotylédones, Apétales Dialypétales. Publications Scientifiques Tunisiennes. 293 p.
Poudineh, Z.; Amiri1, R.; Najafi, Sh. & Mir, N. 2015. Total phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of seed and pod of Prosopis farcta. Azarian Journal of Agriculture 2(2): 51-56.
Qasem, J.R. 2007. Chemical control of Prosopis farcta (Banks and Sol.) Macbride in the Jordan Valley. Crop Protection 26: 572-575.
Rae, K.A.; Casaretto, J.A.; Al-Abdul-Wahid, M.S.; Sukumaran, A.; McAlister, J.G.; Rothstein, S.J. & Akhtar, T.A. 2019. Biosynthesis of cannflavins A and B from Cannabis sativa L. Photochemistry 164:162-171.
Rahman, A.A, Samoylenko, V.; Jacob, M.R.; Sahu, R.; Jain, S.K.; Khan, S.I.; Tekwani, B.L. & Muhammad, I. 2010. Antiparasitic and antimicrobial indolizidines from the leaves of Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa. Planta Med 77: 1639- 1643.
Rizzo, W.B.; Watkins, P.A.; Phillips, M.W.; Cranin, D.; Campbell, B. & Avigan, J. 1986. Adrenoleukodys-trophy: oleic acid lowers fibroblast saturated C22–26 fatty acids. Neurology 36: 357-361.
Robertson, S.; Narayanan, N. & Raj Kapoor, B. 2011. Antitumour activity of Prosopis cineraria (l) druce against ehrlich ascites carcinoma-induced mice. Natural Product Research 25: 857-62.
Russell, P. & Macbr, J.F. 2009. Prosopis farcta. Retrieved from: http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/FNW/FNW %20Mimosoideae/html/fact%20sheets/Prosopis%20 farcta.
Saeidi, S.; Nezhad, N.M.; Sharifi-Rad, M.; Fereshteh Javadian, F. & Javadian, E. 2018. Antimicrobial Activity of Prosopis farcta L. and Datura stramonium L. Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Herbal Drugs 9(1): 29-32.
Saidi, M.R.; Farzaei, M.H.; Miraghaee, Sh.; Babaei, A.; Mohammadi, B.; Bahrami, M.T. & Bahrami, G. 2016. Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Syrian Mesquite (Prosopis farcta) Root in High Cholesterol Diet–Fed Rabbits, Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 21(4): 62-66.
Salari, S.; Bahabadi, S.E.; Samzadeh-Kermani, A. & Yosefzaei, F. 2019. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial potential of greensynthesized silver nanoparticles using Prosopis farcta fruit extract. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18(1): 430.
Saleh, Ah.H. & Taha, K.M. 2020. Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis aqueous extract on some biochemical barameters and histological characteristics of aorta in hyperlipidemia male rats. University of Thi-Qar Journal of Science (UTsci) 7(2): 1-4.
Sharma, N.; Garg, V. & Paul, A. 2010. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-oxidative potential of Prosopis cineraria bark. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 25: 193-200.
Shtayeh, M.S.A.; Jamous, R.M.; Al-Shafie, J.H.; Elgharabah, W.A.; Kherfan, F.A.; Qarariah, K.H.; Khdair, I.S.; Soos, I.M.; Musleh, A.A.; Isa, B.A.; Herzallah, H.M.; Khlaif, R.B.; Aiash, S.M.; Swaiti, Gh.M.; Abuzahra, M.A.; Haj-Ali, M.M.; Saifi, N.A.; Azem, H.K. & Nasrallah, H.A. 2008. Traditional knowledge of wild edible plants used in Palestine (Northern West Bank): A comparative study. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4: 1-13.
Sultan, M.Q.; Gusar, S.H. & Kredy, H.M. 2015. Antibacterial activity of Saponins extract from Lepudium aucheri boiss. University of Thi-Qar Journal 10 (1): 1-9.
Vochyánová, Z.; Pokorná, M.; Rotrekl, D.; Smékal, V.; Fictum, P.; Suchý, P. & Hošek, J. 2017. Prenylated flavonoid morusin protects against TNBS-induced colitis in rats. PLoS One 12(8): e0182464.
Wätjen, W.; Weber, N.; Lou, Y.J.; Wang, Z.Q.; Chovolou, Y.; Kampkötter, A.; Kahl, R. & Proksch, P. 2007. Prenylation enhances cytotoxicity of apigenin and liquiritigenin in rat H4IIE hepatoma and C6 glioma cell. Food and Chemical Toxicology 45: 119-124.
Werz, O.; Seegers, J.; Schaible, A.M.; Weinigel, C.; Barz, D.; Koeberle, A.; Allegrone, G.; Pollastro, F.; Zampieri, L.; Grassi, G. & Appendino, G. 2014. Cannflavins from hemp sprouts, a novel cannabinoid-free hemp food product, target microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 and 5-lipoxygenase. Pharma-Nutrition 2: 53-60.
Al-Aboudi, A. & Afifi, F.U. 2011. Plants used for the treatment of diabetes in Jordan: a review of scientific evidence. Pharmaceutical Biology 49: 221-39.
Alhasan, Dh.A.H.; Dawood, A.Q. & Muter, A.D. 2019. InVitroAntimicrobial Activityof Conocarpus spp Leaf Crude Extract. University of Thi-Qar Journal 14(2):1-14.
Al-sherif, E.A. 2007. Effected of chemical scarification, Salinity and preheating on seed germination of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Solandy). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 2(3): 227-230.
Andrade-Montemayor, H.M.; Alegría-Ríos, F.S.; Pacheco-López, M.; Aguilar-Borjas, J.H.; Villegas Díaz, J.L.O. & Basurto -Gutierrez, R. 2009. Effect of dry roasting on composition, digestibility and degradability of fiber fractions of mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata) as feed supplement in goats. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 11: 237-243.
Asadollahi, K.; Abassi, N.; Afshar, N; Alipour, M. & Asadollahi, P. 2010. Investigation of the effects of Prosopis farcta plant extract on Rat’s aorta. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(2): 142-147.
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